Empirical studies in Economics and Education have proven without a doubt that a college education is worth it, from a cost-benefit analysis. While obviously not all colleges and college degrees are created equal, earning a college degree significantly boosts annual wages, on average. The question is however, what are the exact channels through which college education improves earnings? I will offer you 3 "theories" and I will ask you to tell me which of the 3 you think are valid explanations (can be more than 1) and also which do you think is the most important one? There is no correct or wrong answer here. I simply want you to think about it and properly reason your answers.

1. The human capital theory - by getting a college education, students acquire and develop skills that increase their productivity in the work force, which results in higher wages.

2. The college selection theory - people who go to college are overall smarter/harder working/more productive/etc. to begin with. These people would have gotten higher wages even if they hadn't gone to college. College attendance just happened to be there. This is essentially a story of a spurious correlation. This theory claims there is no causality between attending college and earnings, but simply that college attendance correlates well with certain innate abilities which are rewarded on the job market.

3. The signaling theory - people who earn college degrees are overall smarter/harder working/more productive/etc., but the reason they earn higher wages is that they earned a degree and that degree signals to employers that these students are overall better workers. This is an incomplete information story - employers do not know how productive you are but they can infer that from you having a degree. Unlike theory 2 states, these students would not have earned higher waged had they not gone to college simply because there wouldn't be anything to certify to employers that these students are truly more productive.

U1 Review

Define the following terms: assets, liabilities, and equity.

Provide two examples of each of the following terms: assets, liabilities, and equity.

Provide two examples of expenses a business might incur.

Read the items below and indicate whether the account type is increased with a debt or credit.
_____ a. Asset
_____ b. Liabilities
_____ c. Equity
_____ d. Revenue
_____ e. Expenses

Classify each of the following items as assets (A), liabilities (L), equity (EQ), revenue (R), or expense (E)
_____ a. Land
_____ b. Owner, capital
_____ c. Fees earned
_____ d. Equipment
_____ e. Telephone bill
_____ f. Accounts payable
_____ g. Unearned revenue
_____ h. Accounts receivable
_____ i. Supplies
_____ j. Rent

Following are the transactions of a new company called Pose-for-Pics.

A used old model testing machine was donated to a University by a company one year ago. It is expected that this machine will continue to serve its function for ten more years provided that a maintenance agreement is signed with another firm requiring 10 yearly payments of $9,000 each, with the first payment made now.

A new model can be leased for ten years.

The terms of lease include maintenance. For leasing the new model, a payment of $35,000 is due now and $40,000 will be due in 3 years.

Should the old model machine be replaced now, at MARR = 10%?

(i) Use present worth (PW) method.

(ii) Use incremental PW method.

(b) Use incremental IRR method.

The budget for the Manchester University Printing Company for 20X1 ​follows:

LOADING...

​(Click the icon to view the budget​ data.)

Edith Gable​, the sales​ manager, has placed a £24,000 bid on a particularly large order with a cost of £5,800 direct material and £6,200 direct labor. The customer informs her that she can have the business for £19,500​, take it or leave it. If GableGable accepts the​ order, total sales for 20X1 will be £1,110,450. Gable refuses the​ order, saying,​ "I sell on a​ cost-plus basis. It is bad policy to accept orders at below cost. I would lose £560 on the​ job."

Requirements

Requirement 1. Begin by computing the operating income without the​ order, then just the​ order, and finally with the order. ​(For amounts with a​ $0 balance, make sure to enter​ "0" in the appropriate​ cell.)

Requirement 2. Give a short description of a​ contribution-margin technique to pricing that Gable might follow to achieve a price of £24,000 on the order. The contribution approach essentially provides a measure of the decrease in immediate ______ that would result from rejecting an order. This is the ________  by rejecting the order. Traditional approaches to pricing__________

The pricing formula that Gable should routinely use if she hopes to achieve a price of £24,000 on the​ order:

1. Which of the following statements describes a risk averse individual?

2. Which of the following statements describes a risk loving individual?

3. Which of the following statements describes the utility function of a risk neutral individual?

4. What determines whether an individual is willing to take on a risky activity?

MARKETING 3520 (Advertising and marketing communications)

The consumers who the advertising will try to reach are defined as our ____________

A first hand and detailed observation on the part of the marketing people to observe what is going on inside the store for their brand is called a ____

____________ that go deeper than behavior and attitude and determine, at a basic level, people’s choices and desires.

Research that delivers numerical data or facts on number of users, product usage, awareness levels, demographics, etc., is called ______ research.

According to the VALS classification of consumers, what are the three primary motivations for buying products and services? ___________, ______________, ___________________

Information collected from original sources based on individual studies relevant to specific marketing issue(s) facing brands is called ___________ research.

A ________________ is an agency document that acts as a “roadmap or platform for creatives to help them understand who the target is, what motivates them and what is unique about their brand to develop the creative campaign.

The three key elements of advertising are to _______________, _________________ and __________________.

Part of the creative communication brief that addresses the personality or brand character of the brand and the campaign is called the ______

An analysis of a brand containing the elements of the company, category, competition and consumer is called the ________analysis.

__________ Research provides you with an opportunity to observe, first hand, what life is like from the consumers point of view…best way to study and record human culture.

_______________ is the grouping of consumers into market segments on the basis of feelings, lifestyles, hobbies, attitudes, beliefs, values, etc.

Name four of the different types of positionings ___________, ____________, ___________, ______________.

In terms of strategic creative approaches, the ___________________ approach is based on an informational message that touches the mind that is very often heavy handed and in your face commercials.

A _______________________ is the person responsible for managing all tangible/intangible characteristics of a brand.

One look and consistent messaging for all marketing across all media i.e. TV, print, Internet, mobile, etc. is a key characteristic of __________________________

This ________________ thinking is defined by intuitive, holistic, artistic, and emotionally expressive thinking?

The AIDA Model helps us understand the consumer buying process. The process includes the steps of ____________________________

_______________ is the Art & Science of identifying groups of consumers with similar needs and wants.

In studying Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, we learned that basic needs like food and water must first be satisfied. Then come the safety needs of safety and security. Once all the needs are satisfied what is the final need that must be satisfied? ______

The ____________in developing creative campaigns consists of an emotional appeal and response based on attitudes. moods & feelings

The best way to uncover consumers attitudes towards their product or service is to uncover the why and what motivates them is called ____________ research

A ______________ is a perception that consists of both intangible and intangible elements

Which type of segmentation divides the market using characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, income, and so forth ____________

The energizing and driving force that not only activates consumer behavior but also provides purpose and direction to their purchase decisions is known as__________

Mass marketing is ineffective because _____________________________

We are all influenced by ___________ groups in our consumer behavior and decision-making process like

Brands need to understand different kinds of segmentation. One important factor is to know that people change over time as they get older. This is known as _____________

Identifying a group of people for which a brand designs a marketing mix intended to meet the needs & wants of that group is known as _____________________

___________ is the process where any individual selects and interprets stimuli into a personal meaningful picture

The ____________department within the agency conducts, surveys and focus to understand the consumer for the development of advertising.

Prestige, status, and accomplishments are all examples of which level of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? ____________

The type of segmentation that helps marketers determine the consumers need for products and provides information i.e. factors such as: age, income, geographic area, education, etc. is called _______________

Who is the person most responsible for designing images that tell stories and create brand impressions in an advertisement? __________________

We have discussed in class the different ways that a brand develops its positioning that forms the basis for an advertising campaign. What does the brand base its unique positioning statement that is different from other brands? _____________________-

The “Place” a brand occupies in consumer’s mind belongs in a definition of ________________

The _______________ team within the agency is responsible for the development and production of the advertising and communications material.

_________________ is the stage in the consumer decision-making process in which consumers sort out products on the basis of tangible and intangible features.

Who in an advertising agency is most accurately described as "speaking for the consumer" or "speaking with the voice of the consumer"? _____________

Background research that uses published information about the company’s company, category, competition and consumer is known as _______research

What type of thinking does not make for Great Creative work? __________________

________ is the total of learned beliefs, values and customs that regulate consumer behavior

The ___________________________________matches the right audience to right message. in right medium to reach audience.

An ad may be entertaining but if it isn’t relevant to the advertising strategy & based on consumer needs IT WILL FAIL. Within creativity, this is known as __________________________

FOR 2019 TAX

In 2019, Carson is claimed as a dependent on his parents' tax return. Carson's parents provided most of his support.

a. Carson is 17 years old at year-end and earned $14,600 from his summer job and part-time job after school. This was his only source of income.

b. Carson is 23 years old at year-end. He is a full-time student and earned $14,600 from his summer internship and part-time job. He also received $6,090 of qualified dividend income.

Janine is a wholesale yarn salesperson working the northeastern US. Her territory covers all of Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Washington, D.C., and Ohio. She lives in Harrisburg, PA with her husband and three children. Janine enjoys her job and loves being out on the road and meeting yarn shop owners and knitters. However, her employer, White Mountain Yarns, requires her to drive to Detroit for a monthly staff meeting; maintain an office outside of her home; complete redundant paperwork due to outdated systems; and often sets her store visit schedule in a way that results in a lot of backtracking, all of which cut into the time she has to build rapport with store owners and individual buyers of the products. The company also doesn't let her hold virtual client meetings, even though clients want them and they would save considerable time and money. Janine is one of the top 5 salespeople and her customers rave about her, however the company is making her job difficult. She doesn't want to quit her job, but many of the antiquated aspects have led her to consider either quitting or asking to be cut back to part time so she can have a better work life balance. Using the concepts, write up a proposal to redesign and/or enrich Janine’s job.

What types of research projects can you think of Cognitive Science?

For example, an example of a very famous research project is Dr. Rosalind Picard's Affective computing and autism project. Can you think of 5 research projects that are Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning research projects? Please include the name of the professor and the name of the university where the research project is being conducted.

Cognitive Science:

Studying in scientific way about human thoughts, learning and mental organization.

What types of research projects can you think of Cognitive Science?

Research projects which explains human thoughts, learning and mental organization in deep and scientific way.

5 research projects:

This is the type of example I am looking for: Automated ‘coach’ could help with social interactions

New software system from MIT could help people improve their conversational and interview skills.

Teaching Social Skills: Using his expertise in computer science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, Ehsan Hoque, assistant professor of computer science, has since created an automated conversation assistant that senses body language and emotion.

The biggest problem with this example is that sometimes there is very little info on these projects.

home / study / business / accounting / accounting questions and answers / randolph smithfield is a cost analyst with franklin insurance company. franklin is applying ... Your question has been answered Let us know if you got a helpful answer. Rate this answer Question: Randolph Smithfield is a cost analyst with Franklin Insurance Company. Franklin is applying stand... Randolph Smithfield is a cost analyst with Franklin Insurance Company. Franklin is applying standards to its claims payment operation. Claims payment is a repetitive operation that could be evaluated with standards. Randolph used time and motion studies to identify an ideal standard of 36 claims processed per hour. The Claims Processing Department manager, Fred Jones, has rejected this standard and has argued that the standard should be 30 claims processed per hour. Fred and Randolph were unable to agree, so they decided to discuss this matter openly at a joint meeting with the vice president of operations, who would arbitrate a final decision. Prior to the meeting, Randolph wrote the following memo to the VP. To: Linda Greene, Vice President of Operations From: Randolph Smithfield Re: Standards in the Claims Processing Department As you know, Fred and I are scheduled to meet with you to discuss our disagreement with respect to the appropriate standards for the Claims Processing Department. I have conducted time and motion studies and have determined that the ideal standard is 36 claims processed per hour. Fred argues that 30 claims processed per hour would be more appropriate. I believe he is trying to “pad” the budget with some slack. I’m not sure what he is trying to get away with, but I believe a tight standard will drive efficiency up in his area. I hope you will agree when we meet with you next week. Required: Discuss the ethical and professional issues in this situation. Who is more correct, Randolph or Fred? If you were Linda Greene, how would you handle this conflict?