The adjusted trial balance for Tybalt Construction as of December 31, 2017, follows. TYBALT CONSTRUCTION Adjusted Trial Balance December 31, 2017 No. Account Title Debit Credit 101 Cash $ 5,500 104 Short-term investments 24,000 126 Supplies 9,200 128 Prepaid insurance 8,200 167 Equipment 40,000 168 Accumulated depreciation—Equipment $ 20,000 173 Building 165,000 174 Accumulated depreciation—Building 55,000 183 Land 67,000 201 Accounts payable 16,500 203 Interest payable 2,400 208 Rent payable 3,700 210 Wages payable 2,700 213 Property taxes payable 1,500 233 Unearned professional fees 7,700 251 Long-term notes payable 69,500 307 Common stock 5,500 318 Retained earnings 123,800 319 Dividends 12,900 401 Professional fees earned 100,000 406 Rent earned 17,000 407 Dividends earned 2,400 409 Interest earned 2,900 606 Depreciation expense—Building 12,100 612 Depreciation expense—Equipment 6,000 623 Wages expense 27,000 633 Interest expense 3,300 637 Insurance expense 9,700 640 Rent expense 13,100 652 Supplies expense 7,100 682 Postage expense 2,100 683 Property taxes expense 3,800 684 Repairs expense 8,700 688 Telephone expense 2,800 690 Utilities expense 3,100 Totals $ 430,600 $ 430,600 ________________________________________ The December 31, 2016, credit balance of the Retained Earnings account was $123,800. Tybalt Construction is required to make a $8,500 payment on its long-term notes payable during 2018. Required: 1a. Prepare the income statement for the calendar-year 2017. 1b. Prepare the statement of retained earnings for the calendar-year 2017. 1c. Prepare the classified balance sheet at December 31, 2017. 2. Prepare the necessary closing entries at December 31, 2017. 3. Use the information in the financial statements to compute the following ratios:

The adjusted trial balance for Tybalt Construction as of December 31, 2017, follows.

The December 31, 2016, credit balance of the Retained Earnings account was $125,100. Tybalt Construction is required to make a $6,500 payment on its long-term notes payable during 2018.

Required:
1a. Prepare the income statement for the calendar-year 2017.
1b. Prepare the statement of retained earnings for the calendar-year 2017.
1c. Prepare the classified balance sheet at December 31, 2017.
2. Prepare the necessary closing entries at December 31, 2017.
3. Use the information in the financial statements to compute the following ratios:

Business Applications  Operating leverage: Description of business for Caterpillar, Inc.

With 2014 sales and revenues of $55.184 billion, Caterpillar is the world’s leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. The company principally operates through its three product segments—Resource Industries, Construction Industries, and Energy & Transportation (formerly Power Systems)—and also provides financing and related services through its Financial Products segment. Caterpillar is also a leading U.S. exporter.

Description of business for the Kroger Company from its Form 10-K:

The Kroger Co. was founded in 1883 and incorporated in 1902. As of January 31, 2015, we are one of the largest retailers in the nation based on annual sales. . . .

As of January 31, 2015, Kroger operated, either directly or through its subsidiaries, 2,625 supermarkets and multi-department stores, 1,330 of which had fuel centers. Approximately 48% of these supermarkets were operated in Company-owned facilities, including some Company-owned buildings on leased land. Our current strategy emphasizes self-development and ownership of store real estate. Our stores operate under several banners that have strong local ties and brand recognition. Supermarkets are generally operated under one of the following formats: combination food and drug stores (“combo stores”); multi-department stores; marketplace stores; or price impact warehouses.

Required

1. Determine which company appears to have the higher operating leverage.
2. Write a paragraph or two explaining why the company you identified in Requirement a might be expected to have the higher operating leverage.
3. If revenues for both companies increased by 5 percent, which company do you think would likely experience the greater percentage increase in operating earnings? Explain your answer

As the financial manager of Wilmore Company Limited, with a passion to boost employment creation through intraregional tourism in Ghana, you have acquired a land at Ho to put up an exquisite amusement park that features a number of attractions including games, pools, gardens, rides etc. The project will cost a total of GH₵100,000. The following cash flows are expected from the project. The beta of the project is 1.5 and the market return is 15%. The risk-free rate of return is 8%.
Year
₵

0
(100,000)

1
20,000

2
25,000

3
32,000

4
35,000

Using the CAPM approach, what is the cost of equity on this project?
[2 marks]
Wilmore Company Limited is a levered entity with percentage of debt out of total capital being 40%. If the interest rate on a bank loan is 10%, the tax rate is 20%, and the cost of equity is as computed in (a), what will be the after tax cost of debt? [2 mark]
What will be the weighted average cost of capital (WACC)? [2 mark]
Using the WACC computed in (c), what will be the NPV of the investment? ` [3 marks]
Compute the IRR for the project? [3 marks]
What will be your overall advice concerning viability of the project?
[2 marks]

Mr. Norman and Mr. Foster are both investors looking to buy financial assets. Mr. Norman prefers assets with the lowest prices while Mr. Foster prefers assets on the financial market with higher prices. Each of them currently has GHC 1,000 to invest and needs your assistance to know which asset to buy to suit their preference. The following information provides details of investment options.
Asset A is a bond with a coupon rate of 10% and pays semi-annual coupons. The par value is GHC 1,000, and the bond has 5 years to maturity. The yield to maturity is 11%.
Asset B is a stock whose dividend is expected to increase by 20% in one year and by 15% in two years. After that, dividends will increase at a rate of 5% per year indefinitely. The last dividend was GHC 100 and the required return is 20%.
Which asset will Mr. Norman and Mr. Foster invest in? [8 marks]

In the 2020 accounting year, investors made a number observations in terms of certain decisions some corporations were taking:
(i) The board of directors of some manufacturing and services companies decided to pay stock dividends instead of cash dividends;
(ii) On the other hand, the board of directors of majority of companies within the ICT industry decided to pay special cash dividends;
(iii) It was also observed that some the management of some companies had decided to repurchase shares while others were engaging in stock splits.

What could be the reason for these three decisions and choice of dividend payments by the boards of these companies and what will be the effect of such decisions on the outstanding number of shares and the share prices of these companies? [8 marks]

As the financial manager of Wilmore Company Limited, with a passion to boost employment creation through intraregional tourism in Ghana, you have acquired a land at Ho to put up an exquisite amusement park that features a number of attractions including games, pools, gardens, rides etc. The project will cost a total of GH₵100,000. The following cash flows are expected from the project. The beta of the project is 1.5 and the market return is 15%. The risk-free rate of return is 8%.

Year

₵

0

(100,000)

1

20,000

2

25,000

3

32,000

4

35,000

Using the CAPM approach, what is the cost of equity on this project?

[2 marks]

Wilmore Company Limited is a levered entity with percentage of debt out of total capital being 40%. If the interest rate on a bank loan is 10%, the tax rate is 20%, and the cost of equity is as computed in (a), what will be the after tax cost of debt?                        [2 mark]

What will be the weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?    [2 mark]

Using the WACC computed in (c), what will be the NPV of the investment?     `                            [3 marks]

Compute the IRR for the project?                     [3 marks]

What will be your overall advice concerning viability of the project?   

[2 marks]

Mr. Norman and Mr. Foster are both investors looking to buy financial assets. Mr. Norman prefers assets with the lowest prices while Mr. Foster prefers assets on the financial market with higher prices. Each of them currently has GHC 1,000 to invest and needs your assistance to know which asset to buy to suit their preference. The following information provides details of investment options.            

Asset A is a bond with a coupon rate of 10% and pays semi-annual coupons. The par value is GHC 1,000, and the bond has 5 years to maturity. The yield to maturity is 11%.

Asset B is a stock whose dividend is expected to increase by 20% in one year and by 15% in two years. After that, dividends will increase at a rate of 5% per year indefinitely. The last dividend was GHC 100 and the required return is 20%.   

Which asset will Mr. Norman and Mr. Foster invest in?        [8 marks]

In the 2020 accounting year, investors made a number observations in terms of certain decisions some corporations were taking:

(i) The board of directors of some manufacturing and services companies decided to pay stock dividends instead of cash dividends;

(ii) On the other hand, the board of directors of majority of companies within the ICT industry decided to pay special cash dividends;

(iii) It was also observed that some the management of some companies had decided to repurchase shares while others were engaging in stock splits.

What could be the reason for these three decisions and choice of dividend payments by the boards of these companies and what will be the effect of such decisions on the outstanding number of shares and the share prices of these companies?       

The issue of homelessness is relevant to both Microeconomics, Econ 10 B, and Macroeconomics, Econ 10 A. In Micro we discuss at great length the market for rental housing: supply, demand, price and quantity. Many families in America BECOME homeless as a direct result of “free market” forces: their rent rises beyond their ability to pay. In Macro, we discuss the national picture: the millions of jobs involved on a national scale in the construction and sale of residential units: homes, condos, apartments, and ADUs (accessory dwelling units). The San Jose Mercury News reported on June 17 that the city of San Jose is dismantling a temporary homeless site after spending more than $1.3 million repairing dozens of dilapidated state-owned trailers. The article states that “nearly 6,200 people in San Jose don’t have a place to call home and county health officials believe that at least 2,500 of them are at high risk of infection.” Some experts believe the total is much higher than that. San Jose has announced plans to build hundreds of ‘dorm-style’ modular and prefab housing units to serve its homeless population on three locations in the city: A site at Monterey and Bernal roads, a second at Evans Lane, and a third at Rue Ferrari and Highway 101. In EACH AND EVERY CASE, opposition from neighbors has been INTENSE. ‘NOT IN MY BACKYARD!” The city of San Francisco had been spending over $300 million PER YEAR (before March, 2020) to house homeless people and provide other services. Yet, the number of homeless keeps rising. Given the incredible drop in tax revenue---hotel taxes, sales taxes on restaurant meals-----since March, 2020, it is almost impossible to imagine that level of funding staying level. San Francisco has suffered a greater drop in tax revenue than San Jose or Oakland. Obviously, it is not a contest. So, here goes: Question 1. In early March, 2020, our state government announced tentative plans to move homeless people in to college dorm rooms. A. In your opinion, is this idea a good idea? Or a bad idea? Why? B. Would you make this program voluntary for homeless people? Or mandatory? Why? C. How vigorously would you enforce this program? Why? D. What penalties, if any, would you impose on homeless people for non-compliance? Why? E. In theory, what could ‘go wrong’ with the enforcement of this program? What other support services do homeless people require, in addition to housing? F. Moving homeless people into hotel rooms, (combined with support services), which our state has done on an unprecedented level, may be a better idea than moving them into college dorms. Why? G. In your opinion, what more should we be doing as a society to address this issue? Why?

(a) The price elasticity of demand for smoke grinders in response to changes in the price of purpletts is -2. What formula and concept will we use to study the change in quantity demanded of smoke grinders to a change in price of purpletts? What the -2 elasticity of demand tells us about the goods purpletts and smoke grinders? (b) Given the table below, answer the following question. The quantity demanded of which good decreases the most during a recession (when incomes decrease)?

Given the table below ( income elasticity of demand), answer the following question.

Total brand cereal = 0.3, eclipse galsses = -1.5, office chairs = 0, theater tickets = 4, heart shaped pillows = 2

The quantity demanded of which good decreases the most during a recession (when incomes decrease)?

C&A sells 600 bottles of a dietary supplement per week at $100 per bottle. The supplement is ordered from a supplier who charges C&A $30 per order and $50 per bottle. C&A’s annual holding cost percentage is 40%. Assume C&A operates 50 weeks in a year. What is C&A’s total ordering and holding cost per year if C&A orders 500 bottles at a time?