pls ansr a-e for thumbs up T/F questions about electron transport

a. total of 10 protons will be pumped from N to P side when electrons move from NADH to oxygen

b. glycol 3 phosphate shuttle is one of many sources of electron that can reduce co enzyme Q

c. electron from NADH must travel through complex I, II , III, before going to oxygen at complex IV

Methods – What is the procedure? What is measured? Why would it be used?

1. Southern blot analysis

2. Restriction enzyme digestion

3. Primer extension

4. Electron microscopy

5. PAGE

6. PCR

7. Western blot

8. Gel mobility shift assay

9. Immunoprecipitation

10. ChIP

11. Plasmid vector

12. Making transgenic mice

13. Microinjection

14. Electroporation

15. cDNA synthesis

16. Photolithography

Bacterial operons & regulating metabolic pathways

Two kinds of control: enzyme regulation vs. gene regulation. Why?

trp operon. How does the presence of tryptophan prevent the synthesis of more tryptophan (2 different ways)?

lac operon. Compare & contrast with trp.

Why are operons for catabolic and anabolic pathways regulated differently?

Positive vs. negative gene regulation. Why would both be used for the same operon?

AraC mechanism. Is AraC an inducer or a repressor?

Outline the roles played by restriction enzymes and vectors in cloning DNA.

Words to choose from: bacterial, eukaryotic, nucleotide, DNA, RNA, protein, palindrome,

nuclease, protease, phage, plasmid.

1. A restriction enzyme is a _________      ____________that recognizes specific _________ sequences in a ________molecule, often a __________, and cleaves or nicks the molecule at those sites.

2. A vector is an agent into which a foreign DNA segment is inserted and used to transform host cells. A vector can be created from a virus known as a __________ or a bacterial _________.

The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA uses what enzyme?

In the citric acid cycle, malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate by the enzyme malate dehydrogenase, which uses NAD+ as an electron acceptor. In cells, the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] is kept very high. Given the following standard reduction potentials, explain why it is so important for cells to maintain this ratio. Justify your answer with words, equations and diagrams.

oxaloacetate + 2H+ + 2e- -> malate

E°red= -0.166 V

NAD+ + H+ + 2e- > NADH

E°red= -0.320

Question 3. This question looks at what happens when markets do not clear. Suppose that the metropolitan museum of New York will display the works of Leonardo Da Vinci for one week. Each day one hundred people can view the exhibition so supply is fixed at that number. The Museum sets an admission price of $10.

Suppose that the demand to see the exhibit each day is Q^d = 400 – 10p.

1. How many people want to attend the exhibition at this price?

Suppose people must wait in line when there is excess demand to attend the exhibit? The opportunity cost of time is $10 per hour.

2. How many hours would you expect people to wait in line to see the exhibit?
3. Suppose the Museum gives a free ticket to David Gabel, the chair of the economics department. David values a trip to the exhibit at $20. What can he obtain for his ticket if he sells it on the black market?
4. Suppose that the Museum decides to raise the price to $30. What is the loss in consumer surplus to consumers arising from the increase in price?

Question 3. This question looks at what happens when markets do not clear. Suppose that the metropolitan museum of New York will display the works of Leonardo Da Vinci for one week. Each day one hundred people can view the exhibition so supply is fixed at that number. The Museum sets an admission price of $10.

Suppose that the demand to see the exhibit each day is Qd = 400 – 10p.

a.   How many people want to attend the exhibition at this price?

Suppose people must wait in line when there is excess demand to attend the exhibit? The opportunity cost of time is $10 per hour.

b.   How many hours would you expect people to wait in line to see the exhibit?
c.   Suppose the Museum gives a free ticket to David Gabel, the chair of the economics department. David values a trip to the exhibit at $20. What can he obtain for his ticket if he sells it on the black market?
d.   Suppose that the Museum decides to raise the price to $30. What is the loss in consumer surplus to consumers arising from the increase in price?

A company reports the following:

How much of a tax refund will be received in 2012 and 2013?

L-Serine is an amino acid that often is provided when intravenous feeding solutions are used to maintain the health of a patient. Molecular weight of 105, produced by fermentation and recovered and purified by crystallization at 10C. Yield is enhanced by adding methanol to the system, thereby reducing serine solubility in aqueous solutions. An aqueous serine solution containing 30wt% serine and 70wt% water is added along with methanol to a batch crystallizer thatis allowed to equilibrate at 10C. The resulting crystals are recovered by filtration; liquid passing through the filter is known as filtrate, and the recovered crystals may be assumed in this problem to be free of adhering filtrate. The crystals contain a mole of water for every mole of serine. The crystal mass recovered in a particular laboratory runis 500g, the filtrate is determined to be 2.4wt% serine, 48.8% water, and 48.8% methanol a.) draw and label a flowchart for the operation and carry out a degree of freedom analysis. Determine the ratio of mass of methanol added per unit mass of feed b.) laboratory process is to be scaled to produce 750 kg/h of product crystals. Determine required feed rates of aqueous serine solution and methanol