Cryptococcus gattii fungal infections are occurring more frequently in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised people. You are a physician treating a human with C. gattii pneumonia (lung infection).

1. What was the source of this infectious fungus (be specific as possible)?
2. What is 1 specific characteristic that helps Cryptococcus to survive in the infected human?

1) In general, is the hindlimb of Australopithecus more human-like, ape-like or in-between? List two examples (traits) to support your answer.

2) In general, is the cranium of Australopithecus afarensis more human-like, ape-like or in-between? List two examples (traits) to support your answer.

Discuss current issues in healthcare human resources from a global perspective, countries such as the USA, Canada and Germany just to name a few. Select 2 countries and compare the current state of healthcare human resources for each you have selected. Your response should be 1 - 2 pages.

You are an IT company and want to get a daycare's network design, hardware, software, and security. Project resources allocation. List all types of resources (e.g. human and non-human) you will use them in the enterprise network project. How are you planning to use those resources cost-effectively?

You are an IT company and want to get a daycare's network design, hardware, software, and security. Project resources allocation. List all types of resources (e.g. human and non-human) you will use them in the enterprise network project. How are you planning to use those resources cost-effectively?

Question 16

HCO3- is secreted from pancreatic cells into the pancreatic duct by which of the following apical membrane transporters?

HCO3-/Cl- antiport

HCO3-/Cl- ATP ase pump

HCO3-/H+ antiport

Question 17

All of the following occur during the Intestinal Phase of digestion EXCEPT:

Gastric motility increases

The secretion of Secretin raises intestinal pH.

The secretion of Cholecystokinin ensures micelle formation

Insulin is released from Beta cells of the pancreas

Question 18

Which of the following describes the interaction between extrinsic neurons and the enteric nervous system?

GI distention stimulates sensory afferent vagus neurons which synapse with the vagus motor neurons that connect to motor neurons of the enteric nervous system

GI distention and chemoreceptors stimulate sensory afferent vagus neurons which synapse with the motor neurons of the myenteric plexus

GI distention stimulates sensory afferent vagus neurons which synapse with the enteric nervous system causing peristalsis

GI distention stimulates sensory afferent vagus neurons which release Acetylcholine causing contraction of the muscularis externa

Question 19

Which of the following describes the action of a proton pump inhibitor such as Omeprazole?

It blocks the H+/K+ ATPase pump on the apical membrane of the parietal cell

It blocks the binding of Histamine to its H2 receptor on the basolateral side of the parietal cell

It blocks the steps of signal transduction involved in inserting H+/K+ ATPase pumps into the apical membrane of the parietal cell

It blocks the release of Histamine from Enterchromaffin-like cells

Question 20

Which of the following is co-transported with Na+ on the apical membrane of the small intestines?

Amino acids

Di and tripeptides

Fructose

Micelles

Peptides

Question 21

Someone with an obstruction of the common bile duct may exhibit which of the following?

An increase in blood levels of conjugated bilirubin resulting in jaundice

An increase in unconjugated bilirubin in the blood resulting in jaundice

Alcoholic fatty acid liver disease

Increased enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin

Increased excretion of urobilinogen

Question 22

Steatorrhea with macrocytic anemia may be caused by which of the following?

A resected ilium

A common bile duct obstruction

Fatty liver disease

Hepatitis

Amyloidosis is caused by an abnormal deposition and accumulation of protein aggregates in tissues. How do proteins adopt and maintain a stable folded structure? What features of the protein amino acid sequence determine the stability of the folded structure? How does disruption of that structure lead to protein deposition diseases such as amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease? Please respond to at least two classmates with additional questions and comments to further the discussion.

Please no handwritten or picture responses - only typed replies.

1.Ansawer the following questions about chemical synthesis of Peptides: A. What groups must be blocked in chemical synthesis of peptide? B. In what order are the amino acidss added? C. Described Step-by-step how to chemically synthesize a dipeptide.    2. what are the two main methods used to inhibt proteases after cell lysis? 3. List three ways proteins can be denatured once a cell is broken open. 4. Explain the journey of mRNA molecule through the secretory pathway.

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membrane bilayers separated by a space termed the periplasm. The periplasm is a multipurpose compartment separate from the cytoplasm whose distinct reducing environment allow certain key protein structural features to be formed. Can you identify an amino acid(s) that would be affected by this reducing environment? How would it be affected, and what structural features would be sensitive to this environment? Can you discuss the implications of this from a standpoint of recombinant protein expression? (500 words)

A variation of the acetamidomalonate synthesis can be used to synthesize threonine. The process involves the following steps: Ethoxide ion deprotonates diethyl acetamidomalonate, forming enolate anion 1; Enolate anion 1 makes a nucleophilic attack on acetaldehyde, forming tetrahedral intermediate 2; Protonation of the oxyanion forms alcohol 3; Acid hydrolysis yields dicarboxyamino alcohol 4; Decarboxylation leads to the final amino acid. Write out the mechanism on a separate sheet of paper, and then draw the structure of tetrahedral intermediate 2.