A state highway department is trying to decide whether it should “hot-patch” a short section of an existing country road or resurface it. If the hot-patch method is used, approximately 300 cubic meters of material would be required at a cost of $700 per cubic meter (in place). Additionally, the shoulders will have to be improved at the same time at a cost of $24,000. These improvements will last 2 years, at which time they will have to be redone. The annual cost of routine maintenance on the patched up road would be $5000. Alternatively, the state can resurface the road at a cost of $850,000. The surface will last 10 years if the road is maintained at a cost of $2000 per year beginning 4 years from now. No matter which alternative is selected, the road will be completely rebuilt in 10 years. At an interest rate of 9% per year,

a. make a recommendation on the best alternative based on the annual worth analysis.

b. make a recommendation based on the present worth method

This previous section of this class defined ‘Happiness’ as an “enduring, positive state of well-being.” Schopenhauer argues this is both an illusion and a delusion. An "Illusion" refers to a false appearance such as a mirage. A "Delusion" is a persistent belief that will not change even when presented with disconfirming evidence, e.g., a “delusion of persecution”.

Comment on the Anti-Eudaimonist position that a belief in Happiness is a persistent illusion implanted in us by Nature and re-enforced by cultural conditioning and it is better to recognize this and learn to palliate our painful existence.

1. Compare the five-number summaries between the two subsamples. Briefly comment on what the summaries reveal about the location, dispersion and skewness of the birth weight distributions in the two subsamples. [2 marks]

It is well-known that, on average, smoking by the mother during pregnancy lowers the birth weight of the child. To investigate this claim statistically, you will use a hypothesis test.

3. Set up the null and alternative hypotheses. Make sure to define your notation clearly. [2 marks]

4. Verify that the Central Limit Theorem applies. Carry out the hypothesis test using the appropriate methodology, show your steps and state your conclusion. [2 marks]

5. Does it follow from the hypothesis test that children have lower birth weights because their mothers smoking during pregnancy? Explain. [2 marks]

Another type of painted ceramic vessel is called three-circle red-on-white ( Mimbres Mogollon Archaeology). At four different sites in the Wind Mountain archaeological region, the number of such sherds was counted in local dwelling excavations.

Shall we reject or not reject the claim that there is no difference in the population mean three-circle red-on-white sherd counts for the four sites? Use a 10% level of significance.

(a) What is the level of significance?

State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H_o: ?₁ = ?₂ = ?₃ = ?₄; H₁: Exactly two means are equal.H_o: ?₁ = ?₂ = ?₃ = ?₄; H₁: Exactly three means are equal.    H_o: ?₁ = ?₂ = ?₃ = ?₄; H₁: All four means are different.H_o: ?₁ = ?₂ = ?₃ = ?₄; H₁: Not all the means are equal.

(b) Find SS_TOT, SS_BET, and SS_W and check that SS_TOT = SS_BET + SS_W. (Use 3 decimal places.)

Find d.f._BET, d.f._W, MS_BET, and MS_W. (Use 3 decimal places for MS_BET, and MS_W.)

Find the value of the sample F statistic. (Use 3 decimal places.)


What are the degrees of freedom?
(numerator)
(denominator)

(c) Find the P-value of the sample test statistic. (Use 4 decimal places.)

(d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Since the P value is greater than the level of significance at ? = 0.1, we do not reject H₀.Since the P value is less than or equal to the level of significance at ? = 0.1, we reject H₀.    Since the P value is greater than the level of significance at ? = 0.1, we reject H₀.Since the P value is less than or equal to the level of significance at ? = 0.1, we do not reject H₀.

(e) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.

At the 10% level of significance there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the means are not all equal.At the 10% level of significance there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the means are all equal.    At the 10% level of significance there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the means are all equal.At the 10% level of significance there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the means are not all equal.

(f) Make a summary table for your ANOVA test.

Here is an excerpt from a recent article about the economy:
For some economists, the danger of inflation starts with the reckless strategy
of the Federal Reserve to print a massive amount of money out of thin air in
an attempt to stimulate the economy. These funds haven’t made it into the
markets and the economy yet, but it is a mathematical certainty that once
the this money passes through the reserves and hits the markets, inflation
will increase dramatically.
Use your knowledge of the money supply, inflation and the
Federal Reserve System to explain briefly what these
economists are talking about. What do they mean by
“mathematical certainty”?

In the United States of America, there is wide spread inequality among the people. Rich becomes richer and poor becomes poorer. The reason for this inequality is the economic system that they follows. What economic system do you think United States is following? Identify and explain. Also, evaluate four advantages and disadvantages of this economic system in detail.                             [Answer in 300 – 400 words]

pls your own words, dont copy from anywhere

Illustrate your understanding of internal controls by providing an example of a control you have personally witnessed (at the gym, supermarket, a restaurant etc.) – do not use a traditional business setting, such as those detailed in your textbook. In your example make sure you cover the following: a. Describe the control in detail (including the setting). b. What was the control trying to achieve (ie. prevent/safeguard)? c. What specific general ledger account could the control be linked to? d. What assertion could the control have been addressing (ie. safeguarding)? e. How could an auditor test the control?

Illustrate your understanding of internal controls by providing an example of a control you have personally witnessed (at the gym, supermarket, a restaurant etc.) – do not use a traditional business setting, such as those detailed in your textbook. In your example make sure you cover the following:

a. Describe the control in detail (including the setting).

b. What was the control trying to achieve (ie. prevent/safeguard)?

c. What specific general ledger account could the control be linked to?

d. What assertion could the control have been addressing (ie. safeguarding)?

e. How could an auditor test the control?

Illustrate your understanding of internal controls by providing an example of a control you have personally witnessed (at the gym, supermarket, a restaurant etc.) – do not use a traditional business setting, such as those detailed in your textbook. In your example make sure you cover the following:

a. Describe the control in detail (including the setting).

b. What was the control trying to achieve (ie. prevent/safeguard)?

c. What specific general ledger account could the control be linked to?

d. What assertion could the control have been addressing (ie. safeguarding)?

e. How could an auditor test the control?

(Airline Reservations System) A small airline has just purchased a computer for its new automated
reservations system. The president has asked you to program the new system. You’ll write
a program to assign seats on each flight of the airline’s only plane (capacity: 10 seats).
Your program should display the following menu of alternatives:
Please type 1 for "first class"
Please type 2 for "economy"
If the person types 1, then your program should assign a seat in the first class section (seats 1–
5). If the person types 2, then your program should assign a seat in the economy section (seats 6–
10). Your program should then print a boarding pass indicating the person's seat number and
whether it’s in the first class or economy section of the plane.
Use a single-subscripted array to represent the seating chart of the plane. Initialize all the elements
of the array to 0 to indicate that all seats are empty. As each seat is assigned, set the corresponding
element of the array to 1 to indicate that the seat is no longer available.
Your program should, of course, never assign a seat that has already been assigned. When the
first class section is full, your program should ask the person if it’s acceptable to be placed in the
economy section (and vice versa). If yes, then make the appropriate seat assignment. If no, then
print the message "Next flight leaves in 3 hours."*/