Explain in detail how the movements of the diaphragm and ribs draw air into the lungs during the inhalation phase of the respiratory cycle during quiet breathing. Include in your answer the effects on intrapleural and intrapulmonary pressures and how these effects cause air to move into the lungs.

Answer the following two questions in DETAIL:

1) How might downsizing affect organizational structures and employees? Do you think that stability is good or bad for employees? Explain your answer.

2) Differentiate between mechanistic and organic structural models.

Questions1:

Discuss, in detail, the difference(s) between the concepts of international marketing and domestic marketing. Explain, briefly, why and how would multinationals firms adapt their products to foreign markets. Support your answer with related example

[LO1] [ [15 Marks]

In textbook Chapter 18 section 18.3 you will find a description of “Trophic Cascades”.  Explain what this means.

      Describe how the concept of trophic cascade is related to the Keystone species concept in Chapter 17.

If you believe the punctuated-equilibrium model is true about groups, how can you use this knowledge to help your own group?

Please explain in at least 120 words.

This is a continuation of our last discussion in some ways. In the previous discussion we covered the options used as speculating and hedging. A good and simple way to price an option is a Binomial Tree. The idea is that each branch involves a random walk. It’s like flipping a coin heads or tails and the next time it all resets again to either heads or tails. The Binomial Tree and its construction can use one and two period values of those options on either stocks commodities or futures. This section includes the mechanics of pricing these binomial options. In the next module after this one we will discuss the valuation in more detail. Up to now we looked at pricing an option to other options. We now look at the pricing of an option relative to the underlying asset. There are European options which only can be exercised only at expiration and American options (most popular) that can be exercised any time up to expiration.

Question(s) of Discussion. You can discuss any ONE or more of the following.

1. What is your opinion of the Binomial Tree and as far as its relevance to valuations of options.
2. Which are more important in your opinion and why; one period and two period Binomial Trees and why.
3. Try to find and add to the discussion if you can using a real company option example of an American or European option and discuss its valuation and if you think its fairly priced and why.

In 100 words One method of price discrimination for firms is the use of coupons and rebates. Firms are basically allowing consumers to self-identify their respective price elasticities of demand for a product. Describe the last time you used a coupon or a rebate, and another time where you knew a coupon might be available and yet chose to not bother with it. Make sure to explain how the opportunity cost of your time and effort played a part in the choice you made. Do you think price discrimination through coupons is fair? Should there be laws against this behavior? Why or why not?Please type answer in detail

One method of price discrimination for firms is the use of coupons and rebates. Firms are basically allowing consumers to self-identify their respective price elasticities of demand for a product. Describe the last time you used a coupon or a rebate, and another time where you knew a coupon might be available and yet chose to not bother with it. Make sure to explain how the opportunity cost of your time and effort played a part in the choice you made. Do you think price discrimination through coupons is fair? Should there be laws against this behavior? Why or why not?Please type in detail

Python

1.Explain what happens when a program receives a non-numeric string when a number is expected as input, and explain how the try-except statement can be of use in this situation.

2.What is meant by the state of an object, and how does the programmer access and manipulate it?

3.Explain the differences between instance variables and temporary variables. Focus on their visibility in a class definition, and on their roles in managing data for an object of that class.

4.Explain the purpose of the variable self in a Python class definition.

Consider the following dataset:

x1 Yellow Yellow Green Green Red Red Green Red Yellow

x2 5 2 10 4 3 7 2 5 4

y 1 3 7 5 10 18 4 8 3

(a) (3pts) Split the data into a train and test set where the test set contains observations 1 and 7. Answer this by writing down the two datasets.

(b) (2pts) Use Rstudio to estimate a model (which uses both x1 and x2 as predictor variables) using the train set

(c) (2pts) According to this model, what is the impact of an observation being Red (as opposed to Yellow) on our prediction of the response variable?

(d) (2pts) Use Rstudio to estimate a model (which uses only x2 as the predictor variable) using the train set.

(e) (3pts) Compute the MAE on the test set for both estimated models. Note: You must show all calculations for this solution. That is, it should not be done using Rstudio aside from using Rstudio for arithmetic computations (like a calculator) and to obtain the estimated models from (b) and (d).