Part 1 Tax arbitrage

Products, Inc., Singapore (PI Asia) and Products, Inc. US (PI North America) are part of an affiliated group of companies, all of which have common ownership. These affiliates do business in Singapore and the US, respectively, and have regular transactions with each other. On such transaction involves assemblies that PI Asia produces and sells to PI North America. PI Asia purchases materials and labor from unrelated third parties for S$1000, incurs additional expenses of S$1000 and sells the partially completed assemblies that it produces to PI North America. PI North America incurs additional expenses of $500 to finish production and sells the completed product to unrelated customers for $2500.  

The average exchange rate is USDSGD 1.2500. Assume the corporate income tax rate in Singapore is 17%, and in the US, 25% (combined state and federal).

Transfer pricing

1a. What price should PI Asia charge to minimize the total tax liability for the affiliated group of companies?

b. What is the general rule about the transfer price that minimizing taxes when a company from a low tax jurisdiction sells a product to a related company in a high tax jurisdiction?

Drinkeverywhere is an American retailer located in Seattle, WA. The company president is Sam Cooper, who inherited the company. When the company was founded over 60 years ago, it originally focuses on retailing high-end beverage, wines, and finer foods to more than 30 states in the US. Over the years, the company still maintains its main business, which accounts for about 50 percent of its total revenue. Faced with stiff competition, the company also expanded into the business of manufacturing its own beverages. You and your team, the Carson College of Business graduates, are hired by the company's finance department to evaluate a new project for the company. One of the major revenue-producing items of Drinkeverywhere’s manufacture division is a sparkling soft drink. Drinkeverywhere currently has one flavor of this beverage, with size of 12 FL OZ each, and sales have been excellent. Drinkeverywhere’s main competitor on the beverage market is the Coca-Cola Company (KO). Drinkeverywhere’s drink is healthier but has similar taste to Coke. However, Drinkeverywhere wants to incorporate a new flavor into their products. Drinkeverywhere spent $100,000 to develop a new technology for its beverage that has all the features of the existing one but adds a new flavor, which can balance the original taste while having some new and exotic flavor to it. The new product also has much lower calories. The company has spent a further $25,000 for a marketing study to determine the expected sales figures for the new flavor. Drinkeverywhere can manufacture the new beverage for $0.5 per can in variable costs. Fixed costs for the operation are estimated to run $2.5 million per year. The estimated sales volume is 3,400,000, 2,550,000, 2,950,000, 2,680,000 and 1,978,000 cans per year for the next five years, respectively. The unit price of the new beverage will be $2.5 per can. The necessary equipment can be purchased for $12 million and will be depreciated on a seven-year MACRS schedule. It is believed the value of the equipment in five years will be $2 million. As previously stated, Drinkeverywhere currently manufactures a beverage product. Production of the existing product is expecting to be terminated in three years. If Drinkeverywhere does not introduce the new beverage product, sales of the existing product will be 2,000,000, 1,990,000 and 187,000 cans per year for the next three years, respectively. The price of the existing drink is 2 $1.5 per can, with variable costs of $0.3 each and fixed costs of $0.8 million per year. If Drinkeverywhere does introduce the new beverage, sales of the existing one will fall by 5,000 cans per year, and the price of the existing drinks will have to be lowered to $1.2 each can. Net working capital for the beverage will be 20 percent of sales and will occur with the timing of the cash flows for the year; for example, there is no initial outlay for NWC, but changes in NWC will first occur in Year 1 with the first year's sales. Drinkeverywhere has a 25 percent corporate tax rate. The company has a target debt to equity ratio of .55 and is currently A+ rated (according to S&P 500 ratings). The overall cost of capital of the company is 12 percent. The finance department of the company has asked your team to prepare a report to Sam, the company’s CEO, and the report should answer the following questions.

QUESTIONS 1. Can you and your team prepare the income statement table, the operating cash flow (OCF) table, and the total cash flow from assets (CFFA) table for this project?

2. Can you use these tables to help explain to Sam the relevant incremental cash flows of this project?

3. James, a newly graduated MBA in the company’s finance department suggested that you should use 12% as the discount rate for the discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis for this new project. Do you and your team agree with James?

a) If Yes, can you explain to Sam, the president of the company, why you should use 12%?

b) If Not, please find the cost of capital for this project, and explain in details how your team comes up with this number and why it is proper for this DCF analysis?

4. What are the NPV and IRR of the project?

5. Should Sam take the new project? Why or why not?

Air France Case

Air France KLM, A franco-dutch company, prepares its financial statements according to International Financial reporting standards. AF;’s financial statements and disclosures notes for the year ended December 31, 2015 are provided in connect. This material is also available under the Finance link at the company’s website. ( www.airfranceklm-finance.com)

Required:

What are the primary classification into which AF’s cash inflows and cash outflows are separated? Is this classification the same as or different from cash flow statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP?

How are cash inflows from dividends and interest and cash outflows for dividends and interest classified in AF’s cash flow statements? Is this classification the same as or different from cash flow statements prepared in accordance with US GAAP?

The following information is available for the McCain Manufacturing Company for 2020.
Accounts receivable, January 1, 2020 $120,000
Accounts payable, January 1, 2020 ?
Raw materials, January 1, 2020 10,000
Work in process, January 1, 2020 25,000
Finished goods, January 1, 2020 75,000
Accounts receivable, December 31, 2020 80,000
Accounts payable, December 31, 2020 200,000
Raw materials, December 31, 2020 ?
Work in process, December 31, 2020   60,000
Finished goods, December 31, 2020 50,000
Raw materials used in production   100,000
Raw materials purchased 130,000
Accounts receivable collections ?
Accounts payable payments 80,000
Sales ?
Total manufacturing costs ?
Cost of goods manufactured ?
Cost of goods sold 60% of Sales
Gross margin 400,000

Assume that all raw materials are purchased on credit and all sales are credit sales. Compute the missing amounts above.

Please provide step by step solution in excel (with formulas) Breaking Even Mountain Cycle specializes in making custom mountain bikes. The company founder, PJ Steffan, is having a hard time making the business profitable. Knowing that you have great business knowledge and solid financial sense, PJ has come to you for advice. Project Focus PJ would like you to determine how many bikes Mountain Cycle needs to sell per year to break even. Using Goal Seek in Excel solve using the following: Fixed cost equals $65,000 Variable cost equals $1,575 Bike price equals $2,500

1) All of the following are differences in an asset acquisition compared to a stock acquisition except for:

A) Who the consideration is paid to by the acquiring company

B) The recognition of any gain or loss on the part of the target company

C) The valuation used to account for the value of the acquired assets and liabilities

D) The journal entries that would be made on the part of the acquiring company

2) Company ABC owns 100% of the outstanding shares of Company XYZ, and accounts for the net income of Company XYZ using the Cost Method. When Company XYZ reports quarterly Net Income of $40,000 on 6/30/18, Company ABC will:

Fama Corp sold some plant assets during 2020 for $265,000. The original cost to Fama of these assets was $1,830,000. The accumulated depreciation on these particular assets was $1,350,000 at December 31, 2019, and was $1,500,000 at the time of the sale in 2020. Fama uses the indirect method for its statement of cash flows. In reconciling net income to cash flows from operations

1.what is the net effect (i.e., addition or subtraction) stemming from these plant assets for the year ended December 31, 2020?

2. What is the net effect on cash flows from investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020, stemming from these plant assets?

3. What is the net effect on cash flows from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2020, from these plant assets?

Opening UCC balances

Class 1 $330,000

Class 8 $56,000

Class 10.1 $21,000

Class 13 $45,000

Class 50 $260,000

The company purchased furniture on August 1, 2020 for $44,914.

On the same date, the company sold furniture, which had been originally purchased for $22,031, for $15,364.

Calculate the maximum impact on business income for the year from furniture and other miscellaneous tangible capital assets.

1. The exchange rate between Japan (JP¥) and the United States (US$) currencies was especially volatile in the early 1990s. The JP¥/US$ exchange rate changed from JP¥160 per US$1 in 1990 to JP¥99 per US$1 in 1993.

a.      Did the JP¥ appreciate or depreciate relative to the US$ between 1990 and 1993? Explain briefly.

b.      How would this exchange rate change affect Japanese auto manufacturers who produce cars in Japan for export to the US? Explain your logic.

c.       How would this exchange rate change affect Japanese auto manufacturers who have factories in the US and assemble cars there from US and Japanese parts for sale in the US? Are they better off or worse off than the producers in part (b) above? Explain your logic,

d.      How would this exchange rate change affect Japanese investment companies who have previously purchased US financial assets? Explain your logic.

e.      How would this exchange rate change affect Japanese firms who have US$-denominated loans from US banks? Explain your logic.