Below are a few paragraphs from Tough’s essay, “Who Gets to Graduate?” Please read each paragraph carefully. Then write a 1-2 sentence summary for each portion of the reading. “Listen” carefully to what Tough is saying and try your best to capture his argument.

…whether a student graduates or not seems to depend today almost entirely on just one factor — how much money his or her parents make. To put it in blunt terms: Rich kids graduate; poor and working-class kids don’t…When you read about those gaps, you might assume that they mostly have to do with ability…But ability turns out to be a relatively minor factor behind this divide.

Tough believes the student

[The University of Texas’] efforts are based on a novel and controversial premise: If you want to help low-income students succeed, it’s not enough to deal with their academic and financial obstacles. You also need to address their doubts and misconceptions and fears. To solve the problem of college completion, you first need to get inside the mind of a college student…“There are always going to be both affluent kids and kids who have need who come into this college,” Laude said. “And it will always be the case that the kids who have need are going to have been denied a lot of the academic preparation and opportunities for identity formation that the affluent kids have been given…”

Tough believes…

When you send college students the message that they’re not smart enough to be in college — and it’s hard not to get that message when you’re placed into a remedial math class as soon as you arrive on campus — those students internalize that idea about themselves.

Tough believes…

To the extent that the Stanford researchers shared a unifying vision, it was the belief that students were often blocked from living up to their potential by the presence of certain fears and anxieties and doubts about their ability. These feelings were especially virulent at moments of educational transition — like the freshman year of high school or the freshman year of college. And they seemed to be particularly debilitating among members of groups that felt themselves to be under some special threat or scrutiny: women in engineering programs, first-generation college students, African-Americans in the Ivy League.

Tough believes…

The negative thoughts took different forms in each individual, of course, but they mostly gathered around two ideas. One set of thoughts was about belonging. Students in transition often experienced profound doubts about whether they really belonged — or could ever belong — in their new institution. The other was connected to ability. Many students believed in what Carol Dweck had named an entity theory of intelligence — that intelligence was a fixed quality that was impossible to improve through practice or study.

Tough believes…

Read your summaries again. Then, in one sentence, write here what you believe Tough is arguing in your section of his essay.

Tough argues that…

Ivanhoe Rental Company had depreciation expenses of $189,000, interest expenses of $90,000, and an EBIT of $1,521,000 for the year ended June 30, 2017. What are the times-interest-earned and cash coverage ratios for this company? (Round answers to 1 decimal place, e.g. 12.5.)

create an executive summary based on a Company is in the painting industry, with stagnant growth despite the demand. The business earned $455,000 last year, which is $145,000 short of its target of $600,000.

It is a made up company and the executive summary is all fiction based on the information provided.

You have been hired as a new loan officer of Union Bank and have received a loan application from the Cory Company for 2019. You compiled the following ratios from the financial statements provided by your client.

                                                2017                2018                2019

Current ratio                           2.0: 1               1.9: 1               1.8: 1

Debt to Equity ratio                     .40                  .55                  .76

A/R turnover                           15 x                 10 x                    8 x

Times interest earned ratio     3.0                 2.5                  1.5

Inventory turnover                  9 x                   7.4 x                5.1 x

Credit terms given to the customers of the company are net thirty days. The industry average for inventory turnover is 8.3 x.

Instructions: Discuss each of ratios, including a comment on any trends the information indicates and the possible reasons for these trends. Would you grant Cory Company the loan it is requesting?

1. According to Walter Rodney, most of the people who write about underdevelopment and who are read in the continents of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are spokesmen for the capitalist or bourgeois world who seek to justify capitalist _________ inside and outside their own countries.

2. According to Angela Davis, a _________ approach requires us to imagine a constellation of alternative strategies and institutions, with the ultimate aim of removing the prison from the social and ideological landscapes of our society.

3. According to Victor Rios, as the criminal justice system perpetuates violence on young men to “teach them a lesson”, young men develop a ___________ that symbolically attacks the system.

4. According to Vivek Bald, many Bengali Muslim men who migrated to the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century married __________ women.

5. According to Walter Rodney, the question as to who, and what, is responsible for African underdevelopment is answered first that the __________ system bears major responsibility for African economic retardation by draining African wealth and by making it impossible to develop more rapidly the resources of the continent.

1. You are at your local bank intending to deposit your savings. Explain why you would not offer a loan, at an interest rate that is higher than the rate the bank pays on your deposits (but lower than the rate the bank charges for car loans), to the next individual who enters the bank to apply for a car loan.

Your patient, who has idiopathic scoliosis with a normal body mass index at the age of 16, has 16 degrees of right thoracic spinning. When choosing the exercises, do not create the program so that the individual can realistically implement it, and do not recommend exercises that include excessive repetition or the same muscle group.

Sailing Voyages Inc. is a company operated by an individual as a summer tourist attraction on the Great Lakes. It operates a sailing schooner offering day cruises for individuals and groups. Over the last few years, the average number of tourists per cruise was 30. The average charge per person for the cruise including group discounts was $100. The company operates from mid-May until mid-September. On average, the ship sails 100 days during this period. ‘The Canadian’ (the name of the schooner) requires a crew of 6, and is captained by the owner of the company. University students with extensive sailing experience have been willing to work on a per diem basis of $100. They are paid only if the ship is cruising. The ship provides non-alcoholic refreshments and a light lunch. These are acquired daily from a local delicatessen and cost, on average, $25 per person. The daily operating expenses fuel and miscellaneous supplies average $50 per cruise. The company has a variety of annual expenses including: maintenance, depreciation, marketing, licenses, etc., totaling approximately $85,000. Required: Prepare an Excel Workbook to answer the following questions in a professional manner. Ensure that you are utilizing Excel features (including links between spreadsheets, formulas, formatting, graphing).

1. Compute the revenue and variable costs for each cruise. Use this to compute the contribution margin per cruise.

2. Compute the number of cruises that ‘Canadian’ must have each year to break-even. Use your knowledge gained in this course to show the different formulas, graphs etc for break-even analysis.

3. The owner expects a total return on capital and remuneration of $125,000. Using the concept of ‘contribution margin’, cost-volume-profit, and target profit calculations, estimate how many cruises the Canadian needs to make to reach this objective. Is this a realistic expectation? Add your thoughts, proposals, and recommendations.

4. Prepare a contribution margin income statement for Sailing Voyages Inc. If the owner wishes to adjust or achieve his income goal, what changes can he make? How can these changes be easily estimated and projected to show how these changes affect net income. Use your imagination, and your knowledge of cost-volume-profit analysis. Highlight your ideas by utilizing the various graphing tools in Excel.

Swaps

A. What is the cash flow position for Company A Year 1-4?

B. What is cash flow position for Company B Year 1-4?

Company A borrows $600,000 from Lender 1. The loan demands interest-only be paid and it is a variable term based on the U.S. 10-year bond plus 1%. Company B borrows $600,000 from Lender 2. The loan is fixed at 3% and requires payment of interest-only.

After Year 2, Company A enters into an agreement with Company B, wherein each of them agree to exchange interest cash flows that arise from a notional amount of $350,000, as follows: Company A agrees to pay Company B a fixed rate of 2.5% of the notional amount. These cash flows will happen in Years 3 and 4. Also, Company B agrees to pay Company A a variable rate of the 10-year US Bond rate plus 0.50%, of the notional amount. These cash flows will happen in Years 3 and 4.

Corporate finance is important to all managers because it provides the skills managers need to identify and select the corporate strategies and individual projects that add value to their firm, forecast the funding requirements of their company, and to devise strategies for acquiring those funds. 1. Why is corporate finance important to all managers? 2. Describe the ownership types a company might have as it evolves from a start- up to a major corporation. List the advantages and disadvantages of each form. 3. What are some of the less common forms of business ownership and what are the advantages of using them?