Part 1 - Mendelian Genetics Review

Match the example with the type of inheritance.

A) Complete dominance B) Incomplete dominance C) Codominance

_______Pea shape in garden pea plants: The W gene encodes for an enzyme that synthesizes starch granules in peas. The w gene encodes for a dysfunctional enzyme that will not synthesize the starch granules. The presence of starch granules makes the seeds round, and the absence of the starch granules results in wrinkled seeds. Heterozygotes have only half as many starch granules, yet that is enough to make the seeds round.

_______Piebald (white) spotting in cats: Cats homozygous for the s allele do not have any white spots. Cats with the S allele are completely white. Cats that are heterozygous (Ss) are about 50% white.

________ Sickle-cell anemia in humans: Heterozygotes have one copy of the wild-type hemoglobin and one copy of the mutant hemoglobin. Phenotypically, heterozygotes have about half the number of sickled red blood cells as
homozygotes do.

We performed a final experiment where we determined the tightness of DNA packaging for this gene in wild-type toe cells, and in toe cells in which the Talon enhancer had been mutated as described for constructs g-k. In this experiment we isolated chromatin and determined if an enzyme cuts in the gene very well or very poorly, depending on how tightly packed the DNA is at the site of cutting.

c. Suggest why the ability of an enzyme to cut chromatin at a specific location might tell us about chromatin structure; specifically packing of DNA.

In this experiment, poor cutting gives a 7kb fragment of DNA, while fragments of 4kb and 3kb indicate good cutting of the DNA. The results are indicated below:

Construct                   DNA fragments observed    Chromatin structure

                                                                                    (tight, loose or intermediate)

g                                  4kb, 3kb

h and i                         7kb, 4kb, 3kb

j                                   7kb     

k                                  4kb, 3kb

d. Complete the table above to indicate the chromatin structure implied for each construct.

The following kinetic data were obtained for an enzyme in the absence of inhibitor (1), and in the presence of an inhibitor at 5 mM concentration (2). Assume[ET] is the same in each experiment. [S] (mM) (1) v(µmol/mL sec) (2) v(µmol/mL sec) 1 12 4.3 2 20 8 4 29 14 8 35 21 12 40 26

a. Using a graphing program (excel or sigmaplot) construct a Lineweaver burke plot representing the uninhibited reaction and the inhibited reaction on the same plot (to submit your graphs please paste into either a word or a pdf document along with your solutions)

b. What is the equation for each of the lines? (on the graph)

c. Determine Vmax and Km for the enzyme.

d. Determine the type of inhibition and the KI for the inhibitor.

Experiment IV: Effect of pH on the Rate of Enzyme Reaction

6. In this experiment, was the enzyme denatured or just slowed down at any of the pH values tested? What is the evidence?

Materials for Experiment IV

Five test tubes

Test tube rack

Disposable pipettes

Potato extract

Deionized water

Water bath, 37 degrees Celsius (°C)

0.1 molar (M) sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl)

pH paper

Procedure for Experiment IV

Five test tubes were taken and labeled A to E.

According to table 7.4, drops of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCI), 0.1 molar (M) sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and deionized water were added to five test tubes.

Table 7.4

The pH for each of the five test tubes using pH paper was recorded.

Later, 2 mL deionized water, eight drops of catechol, and eight drops of the potato extract were added into all five test tubes.

Each test tube was carefully mixed and placed into a 37 °C water bath.

After 15 minutes, a change of color was supposed to happen and had to be rated on a scale of 1–10 with 10 being the darkest.

The data was recorded in Table 4 of the Enzyme Lab Worksheet and presented to the class.

Question: What is social capital? how social capital contribute to Human capital development?

i.e. how social capital promotes human capital development?

Social capital is regarded as another asset that can be used by individuals or groups to contribute to their economic and social advancement, just as human capital (education and health). (In this aspect explain the answer to the question in 800 words.)

What is Human Capital? How does this stimulate Economic Growth? Explain. How does increasing the level of education nationally help to improve Economic Growth, both in terms of the CFD and social progress? Why is it important to consider Human Capital in terms other than formal education? What are other forms of non-academic based Human Capital?

Project Management Question:

Discussion Board: The Human Element

Based on these two articles: (1) Emotional Intelligence Project Outcomes; (2) Human Element PM_Q3_2017

Address the questions below based on interpretation and analysis.

Question 1

Why is it important for the Project Manager to understand Emotional IQ?

Question 2

What is the significance of Human Factors in successful Projects?

Positivism

A. assumes researchers are certain that their theories are always correct.

B. assumes that human history is not an objective phenomenon.

C. assumes that measuring human activities is the least effective way to explain how humans behave.

D. assumes that anthropologists should always use the Human Relations Area File.

E. assumes that there is an objective reality that all humans share.

1. Reciprocal Method of Support Department Cost Allocation

   Valron Company has two support departments, Human Resources and General Factory, and two producing departments, Fabricating and Assembly.

   	Support Departments		Producing Departments
   	Human Resources	General Factory	Fabricating	Assembly
   Direct costs	$140,000	$330,000	$114,200	$95,000
   Normal activity:
   Number of employees	—	60	80	170
   Square footage	1,000	—	5,700	13,300

   The costs of the Human Resources Department are allocated on the basis of number of employees, and the costs of General Factory are allocated on the basis of square footage.

   Now assume that Valron Company uses the reciprocal method to allocate support department costs.

   Required:

   1. Calculate the allocation ratios (rounded to four significant digits) for the four departments using the reciprocal method. If an amount is zero, enter "0". Use the rounded values for subsequent calculations.

   	Proportion of Driver Used by
   	Human Resources	General Factory	Fabricating	Assembly
   Human Resources
   General Factory

   2. Develop a simultaneous equations system of total costs for the support departments. If required, round your answers to four decimal places. Use these numbers for subsequent calculations. If required, round all other intermediate calculations to six decimal places, except the answers computed in requirement 1.

   Human Resources (HR)	=	$	+	(GF)
   General Factory (GF)	=	$	+	(HR)

   Solve for the total reciprocated costs of each support department. (Round reciprocated total costs to the nearest dollar.)

   Human Resources (HR)	$
   General Factory (GF)	$

   3. Using the reciprocal method, allocate the costs of the Human Resources and General Factory departments to the Fabricating and Assembly departments. Round all allocated costs to the nearest dollar. If an amount is zero, enter "0". Note: There may be a "$1" difference due to intermediate rounding.

   	Support Departments			Producing Departments
   	Human Resources	General Factory		Fabricating	Assembly
   Direct costs	$	$		$	$
   Allocate:
   Human Resources
   General Factory
   Total after allocation	$	$		$	$

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