Around 1900, a small town on the U.S.-Mexican border was experiencing a strange currency exchange situation. On the Mexican side of the border, a U.S. dollar was only worth ninety Mexican peso (1 USD = 0.90 MXN), while on the U.S. side, a Mexican peso was only worth ninety U.S. cents (1 MXN=0.90 USD). In other words, the citizens of both countries discounted the other country's currency by ten percent.

In this particular town, the international border ran right down the center of the main street, and there were bars on both sides catering to workers from the surrounding area. One Saturday, an American worker rolled into town with little money (only U.S. $1.00) but lots of financial cunning. He stopped at the first bar he found on the U.S. side of the street, ordered himself a ten-cent beer, paid with his U.S. dollar, and asked for a Mexican peso in change (worth only U.S. $.90, remember). After finishing his beer, he walked across the street to a Mexican bar, ordered another ten-cent beer, paid with the Mexican Peso, and asked for a U.S. dollar in change (there, worth only Mexican Peso $.90). Back he went to the American side for another beer, then back across to the Mexican side -- and so on all afternoon and evening, finally staggering back to his camp after a final drink from a Mexican bar and a U.S. one-dollar bill in change -- just as he had started out with.

Use the exchange rate theory to explain why this worker had free beer.

Share your thoughts.

Old Town Entertainment has two employees in Year 1. Clay earns $4,400 per month, and Philip, the manager, earns $10,100 per month. Neither is paid extra for working overtime. Assume the Social Security tax rate is 6 percent on the first $110,000 of earnings and the Medicare tax rate is 1.5 percent on all earnings. The federal income tax withholding is 16 percent of gross earnings for Clay and 20 percent for Philip. Both Clay and Philip have been employed all year.

Required
a. Calculate the net pay for both Clay and Philip for March.
b. Calculate the net pay for both Clay and Philip for December.
c. Is the net pay the same in March and December for both employees?
d. What amounts will Old Town report on the Year 1 W-2s for each employee?

What amounts will Old Town report on the Year 1 W-2s for each employee? (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, your employer closed down and retrenched all its employees. You decided to return to your hometown, a small town in the east coast of MARGATE. You noticed that there was no food delivery service business in the town and decided to start such a service using your cars. Your delivery riders would collect the orders from food outlets in the town and deliver the food to customers for a fee. However, you did not have sufficient funds to run the business. When you tried to obtain a business loan from a bank, the bank officer requested that you prepare a sales forecast for the proposed business.

i)   Explain two main challenges in making the sales forecast as required by the bank.

ii) Describe which specific method is suitable for the sales forecast and provide the reasons why you choose this method.

c) After the bank approved your loan, you began operating delivery service company as described in 2(b).

The company recorded the following number of deliveries in the last 6 months:

Due to the expected increase in deliveries, you approached the bank again to obtain another business loan. This time, the bank officer asked for a forecast of the deliveries for the rest of the year based on your July forecast. You decided to use naive, 3month moving average and 6-month moving average forecast methods.

i) Calculate your forecast for July using the three methods stated.

ii) If actual deliveries for July are 309, which one among the three methods is the most accurate using absolute deviation calculation?

Exit polling is a popular technique used to determine the outcome of an election prior to results being tallied. Suppose a referendum to increase funding for education is on the ballot in a large town​ (voting population over​ 100,000). An exit poll of 300 voters finds that 156 voted for the referendum. How likely are the results of your sample if the population proportion of voters in the town in favor of the referendum is 0.49​? Based on your​ result, comment on the dangers of using exit polling to call elections. How likely are the results of your sample if the population proportion of voters in the town in favor of the referendum is 0.49​? The probability that more than 156 people voted for the referendum is nothing. ​(Round to four decimal places as​ needed.) Comment on the dangers of using exit polling to call elections. Choose the correct answer below. A. The result is unusual because the probability that ModifyingAbove p with caret is equal to or more extreme than the sample proportion is greater than​ 5%. Thus, it is not unusual for a wrong call to be made in an election if exit polling alone is considered. B. The result is not unusual because the probability that ModifyingAbove p with caret is equal to or more extreme than the sample proportion is greater than​ 5%. Thus, it is not unusual for a wrong call to be made in an election if exit polling alone is considered. C. The result is unusual because the probability that ModifyingAbove p with caret is equal to or more extreme than the sample proportion is less than​ 5%. Thus, it is unusual for a wrong call to be made in an election if exit polling alone is considered. D. The result is not unusual because the probability that ModifyingAbove p with caret is equal to or more extreme than the sample proportion is less than​ 5%. Thus, it is unusual for a wrong call to be made in an election if exit polling alone is considered.

A small city is situated on the countryside. Upstream form the city is a dam that provides the city's water supply. If the dam was overtopped by water, then the dam would fail and all of the water would flood through the city. There is also a danger that the dam might collapse when it is full of water and cause it to fail, also flooding the city.

A) Draw a fault tree for the head event “Dam fails and floods the town” using the following basic events The possibility of dam collapse is (P=0.01)

There is a weakness in the dam that would allow collapse to cause the dam to fail (P=0.1).

Storm occurs that overtops the dam provided that it is mostly full (P=0.002)

Storm occurs that will overtop the dam no matter how full the dam is (P=0.0004)

Dam is mostly full (P=0.4).

B) Determine the probability that the dam will fail and flood the town. For the hours of daylight (assume 12 hours on average) there is someone working at the dam who could send a warning to the city if the dam failed.

There is an 80% probability that this person would be able to get the message to the city in time to evacuate. If the dam failed during the night no one would see it, but there is a 60% chance that the weather conditions would be such that the noise of the dam breaking could be heard by someone in the city and give them enough warning to evacuate everybody.

However, every Saturday night the city has a large party, and nobody would be able to hear if the dam failed anyway.

C) Draw an event tree that can be used to determine the conditional probability that the city will receive warning in time to evacuate.

D) Determine this conditional probability of receiving the warning on time.

E) What is the overall probability that the town will be flooded without an evacuation occurring? Hint: consider your answer for (b).

Write paraphrase of this:

Task1:
Highway alignment is the center line of the highway or the road on the ground. The road alignment is very important because when they not prepare it carefully it will cause high building cost, high maintenance cost and also, an increase in accident. There are requirement of high alignment like safe, easy, short and economical. And there are also factors that should be considered when choosing road alignment. These factors differ and depend on the type of road and the areas through which these roads pass. In this part we will concentrate on or obligatory points which is defined the highway alignment. It is separated into two parts, negative and positve obligatory points.
positve obligatory points:
these are those points through which the alignment should pass.
Existing road: the alignment should be fixed such the newly construction road should link to the existing road.
Intermediate town: if it is possible to have a straight road between point A&B and the intermediate town located at c, then the street need to link the intermediate town reducing the change in highway alignment.

Bridge site/Existing Bridge:
This is not adivicable to cross the river in a curve position, we have to change the alignment in such a way that it crosses the river in straight line, it should locate in right angle(90o) to the river flow and not locate in curve position. There are some reasons for this, the curve position they keep changing, when you make the right angle the length of the barge it will be short. So, the cost of this construction it will be less.   

Negative obligatory points:
When I went to the site and I saw lake or water body , I have to change this aligment to avoided the lake area. From the stragth line to curve line because of the water body. So, this water body is a Negative obligatory

Markets work well for some goods, but poorly for others. According to the textbook, for which of the following goods or services would markets be expected to work poorly?
A. clean air
B. clean water
C. clean amusement parks
D. Markets would work poorly for all three of the goods or services listed above.
E. Markets would work poorly for both clean air and clean water, but they would work well for clean amusement parks.

The Tragedy of the Commons will be evident when a growing number of sheep grazing on the town commons leads to a destruction of the grazing resource. As a result,
(x) externality could be eliminated if all of the sheep owners received a subsidy payment from government.
(y) the town could auction off a limited number of sheep-grazing permits to correct this problem.
(z) the town could assign land property rights to individual owners to correct this problem.
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (y) only
15. Which of the following statements is (are) correct?
(x) If general knowledge is not excludable then it is quite likely that profit maximizing firms in private markets would choose to not supply general knowledge to society.
(y) As with many public goods, determining the appropriate level of government support for the production of general knowledge is difficult because benefits are hard to measure
(z) If technological knowledge is excludable and general knowledge is not excludable, then it is likely that technological knowledge is a “club good” (natural monopoly good) and general knowledge is a public good
A. (x), (y) and (z)
B. (x) and (y) only
C. (x) and (z) only
D. (y) and (z) only
E. (z) only

Case study Josh Wallace

Demographic data

Josh Wallace is an indigenous 20-year-old second-year university student. He likes to write music and plays several musical instruments, including the didgeridoo. He is studying music at university and hopes to compose music for orchestras. Josh works part-time as a barista in a coffee shop and performs with an indigenous dance group. He lives in the city with his mother’s sister, her three teenage children, and Uncle Bill, the brother of his grandmother. Josh’s parents live in a large regional town. His parents are teachers who work in a ‘Flexi- school’. He has two younger siblings. His parents are very active in the local indigenous community.

Past Medical-Surgical and Psychiatric history.

At the age of 14, Josh experienced mental health issues because of problems at home. Firstly, his uncle, a man in his early 50’s, completed suicide. And then both his parents experienced illness. His mother was diagnosed with depression several months after his father recovered from a life-threatening illness. After Josh returned to school where he was a boarder, he found himself crying in his room at night because he felt sad all the time. He began to self-harm. He didn’t want to talk to his friends because he thought he might be considered weak, and he didn’t want to worry his family. His Year 9 Coordinator, Mr. Adams, noticed a change in Josh, who was usually an outgoing and active participant in the school community. Mr. Adams arranged a meeting, and at that time he noted the cuts on Josh’s arms. Josh was referred to the school counselor and the school nurse, and he was eventually referred to as Child and Youth Mental health services (CYMHS). He was seen on a regular basis by a team including a mental health nurse. He was prescribed Fluoxetine 20 mg. With support from family, the school, and CYMHS, he put in place strategies to benefit his recovery. He was discharged from CYMHS when he turned 18. He decided to accept support from the services offered at Headspace and attended three appointments over a 6 - month period when he was 19. Mid last year, Josh has experienced the death by completed suicide, of his 21-year-old cousin Luke. His cousin lived in a regional area, and Josh was unable to join family members because of his study commitments. At present, he is enrolled in a summer intensive unit, because he failed a unit in the second semester. The teacher is dismissive of students who do not speak up, and Josh has been targeted for comments on several occasions. Josh is the only indigenous student in the tutorial group, and he does not know anyone else. Josh also misses his girlfriend Aimee. She is on placement for four weeks, and Josh does not have a car to visit her. Josh has experienced shortness of breath and chest pain during rehearsals with his dance group. He hadn’t told anyone, believing it was probably muscle pain. Last night he experienced chest pain prior to leaving the house to attend rehearsals. It became so bad he thought he was going to die and alerted his Aunt Alice for help. He was transported to the local emergency department for assessment. Josh is told he has experienced a panic attack. No physical abnormalities were detected in ECG or blood, and he will be referred to his GP, and to Headspace for follow up appointments.

Presenting History

Josh arrives for his appointment at Headspace. He is accompanied by his Aunt Alice. Josh is unkempt, disheveled, and looks sad. His voice is monotone and flat, and he has poor eye contact. He tells you “I am sorry to worry everyone, it was just a panic attack- I can never get things right.” He says he feels worried and on edge all the time, and has difficulty concentrating. His Aunt tells you Josh has been isolating himself Faculty of Health | School of Nursing, Midwifery & Paramedicine in his room, and has missed a couple of shifts at the coffee shop and some tutorials on campus. He also becomes easily irritated, yelling at his cousins and his Aunt. This is not his usual behavior.

Q. What historical and cultural issues need to be considered when caring for Josh?

II. What are the signs and symptoms of depression? Considering the case study, describe the different types of behavior and verbal responses, that may indicate Josh may be experiencing depression?

III. What is meant by culturally safe practice and what are the key skills that nurses need to develop to provide culturally safe practice for Josh?

IV. Identify the psychotropic medication previously prescribed for the treatment of the symptoms of depression experienced by Josh, and consider the importance of effective monitoring, consumer experiences (side effects) and safety factors;

1.1 Leishmaniasis is a vector-transmitted protozoal complex disease caused by variety of Leishmania species:

Write explationary notes on how this disease is transmitted to both animals and humans.In your answer include aspects such as clinical, diagnosis ,management and control.

Question 4

After. reportedly swimming in a stream infested with snails breeding sites,several teenage boys visted a local clinic presenting with fever,abdominal discomfort and blood in their urine:

4.1 Suggest the possible etiological agent and provide a detailed life cycle of the parasite.

4.2 What management and control measures shouls the clinician advise the community to take to prevent further spread of the disease.