a) what is the mutual fund? detailed explanation

b) what is the difference between open-end fund and closed-end fund?

"Deferred Taxes" Please respond to the following:

  Are deferred taxes an unfair loophole that must be closed? Provide a rationale for your response.   

How does the demand multiplier in the open economy compare with the one in the closed economy (smaller, bigger or the same)? Explain briefly.

What do you understand by closed-loop marketing, and how might this be better applied in an organization with which you are familiar?

Turing Machine and Closure Operations

Show that Turing-decidable languages are closed under the following operations:

• union

• concatenation

• star

Question : Healthcare startups struggle to navigate a business world that’s set up for them to fail them

Challenge 1: Institutional policies and hierarchical systems stunt innovation

Challenge 2: Healthcare doesn’t understand early-stage tech companies

Challenge 3: Pilots are set up to hurt more than help.

Promising opportunities ahead

Please explain those context

c. Diffusion.
i. Define it,
ii. Explain how it works,
iii. Give 3 examples involving firms that have lead diffusion of some innovation and why these represent good examples of diffusion,
iv. Discuss how diffusion might be affected by a slow growth / no growth economy.
1. Since diffusion is not free, how might it be impacted by economies that are not growing or only growing slowly?

What are the best arguments for awarding a "property right" specifically a patent, to the discoverer of any new and useful idea? Please state clearly atleast one objection to allowing ideas to be privately owned. And also is there an alternative government policy to encourage innovation that avoids the stated problem? Which is superior, from a law and economics perspective - the patent/property right solution or your alternative?

Please explain in detail.