This question is concerned with an extension to the flashcard problem you studied in Block 3 Part 2.
In the original flashcard problem, a user can ask the program to show an entry picked randomly from a glossary. When the user presses return, the program shows the definition corresponding to that entry. The user is then given the option of seeing another entry or quitting.
A sample session might run as follows:
Enter s to show a flashcard and q to quit: s Define: word1 Press return to see the definition definition1 Enter s to show a flashcard and q to quit: s Define: word3 Press return to see the definition definition3 Enter s to show a flashcard and q to quit: q
The flashcard program is required to be extended as follows:
Box 1 – Specification of extended problem
As well as being offered a choice between seeing a flashcard or quitting, the user is offered the option of seeing a definition first.
If the user chooses this option, the program picks an entry at random from the glossary and shows the definition for that entry. It then asks the user what word is being defined. When the user presses return the program shows the word concerned.
The user is then given the option of seeing another flashcard, seeing another definition, or quitting.
Apart from this the program behaves like the original version
A sample dialogue might run as follows: (the additional dialogue is underlined.)
Enter s to show a flashcard, d to see a definition, or q to quit: s Define: word3 Press return to see the definition definition3 Enter s to show a flashcard, d to see a definition, or q to quit: d What word is defined by: definition2 Press return to see the word word2 Enter s to show a flashcard, d to see a definition, or q to quit: q
Box 2 – Keeping a notebook
As you work through part (a) of this question you should keep a notebook. You will need this for your answer to part (a)(vi). This should be very brief: it is simply a record of your personal experience while working on the task and what you feel you have learned from it.
In your notebook we suggest that you record the following information
| How | A brief description of how you went about the task. |
| Resources | What documentation if any you consulted (including course materials and any online sources) and which you found most useful. There is no need for full references, just note the source, and in the case of the course materials what the relevant part and section or activity was. |
| Difficulties | Anything you found difficult about the task, and how you dealt with it. |
| Lessons learnt | Anything you learned from the task that would be useful if you faced a similar problem in the future. |
There is more than one way of solving the extended problem but the approach we ask you to follow for this TMA starts by addressing the sub-problem of showing the definition for a random entry and, after the user enters return, showing the word being defined.
a.
… the program picks an entry at random from the glossary and shows the definition for that entry. It then asks the user what word is being defined. When the user presses return the program shows the word concerned.
At this stage no looping is involved and the steps of the algorithm only need to do what is asked for in the paragraph above and nothing more.
The steps of your algorithm must be written in English and not use any Python code. The algorithm should be high-level and at a similar level of detail to the solution to Activity 2.24 of Block 3 Part 2, where an algorithm is given for show flashcard.
Begin with the first complete version of the flashcard program, a copy of which is included in the download for this TMA as Q2.py. Save a copy this program as Q2_OUCU.py (where OUCU is your OU computer username, e.g. abc123).
In the next few question parts, you will be amending this file. You will only have to submit the final amended file (as per the instructions in Part v).
Add a new function show_definition() to the program, which translates into Python the steps of the algorithm you wrote in Part i. You should insert the new function just after the show_flashcard() function.
Make sure you write a suitable docstring for the function.
Include your code that defines the function show_definition() in your Solution document.
Debug the code and/or algorithm as necessary. If you need to make modifications you should record them in your notebook.
Copy and paste an example test into your Solution Document. This should demonstrate a definition being shown, the user being asked to enter return, and then the program showing the word concerned.
Alternatively, if you were unable to get the function working correctly, you should still paste in an example test, and explain briefly how the results are different from what you were expecting.
Once you have made the changes, run the whole program. Copy a test dialogue into your Solution document to show the user selecting the option to see a definition, then being asked what word it defines, and then been shown the word concerned.
Include your amended code for the interactive loop in your Solution document.
Alternatively, if you were unable to produce a test dialogue because you could not get the program to function as intended, you should briefly explain how a successful test dialogue would look.
Save your final version of the Python program and submit it as Q2_OUCU.py (where OUCU is your OU computer username, e.g. abc123) in your TMA zip file.
Also paste a copy of your final Python program into your solution document as text.
In: Computer Science
The researcher from Scenario I decides to compare a second dose-effect curve with carboxycotton to determine if the novel opioid has the capacity to induce tolerance (i.e., a rightward shift in the dose-effect function; a larger dose is required to produce the same effect). The researcher takes the carboxycotton-treated mice from the first experiment (subjects 6-10 from above) and administers cumulative doses of carboxycotton. He then measures tail withdrawal latency as before. On the following day, he administers cumulative doses of carboxycotton again to determine if tolerance development occurred. The results of this experiment are presented in the table below.
|
Carboxycotton ED50 values |
||
|
Subject |
ED50 (mg/kg) from first dose-effect curve |
ED50 (mg/kg) from second dose-effect curve |
|
6 |
0.10 |
0.25 |
|
7 |
0.35 |
0.15 |
|
8 |
0.80 |
0.75 |
|
9 |
0.95 |
1.00 |
|
10 |
0.50 |
0.63 |
t( ____) = _____, p = _______
______________________
Yes or No (circle one)
In: Statistics and Probability
Our textbook specifically discusses our country's lack of preparedness for a pandemic in Chapter 13, page 274 under the "Epidemics, Ethics, and Public Health" heading. Much has been discussed by public health officials in articles and news stories in the past few months regarding the lack of official expert forums, epidemic protocols, and medical supplies prepared for such a disaster as we are now experiencing, albeit at a global level. As aptly predicted in the quote below, the US medical community was waylaid by the effects of the global pandemic caused by Coronavirus.
"In the United States, response to the influenza pandemics across all 50 states involved the development of emergency policies and plans for future influenza outbreaks; however, only 6 states had written guidelines for ethical decision-making in such emergencies. Scholars have noted that this low number is concerning because of the ethical responsibilities around medication rationing, isolation, and quarantine that often occur during pandemics. To better prepare for future disease outbreaks, governments should have predetermined ethical decision-making procedures for public health agencies to follow in emergencies." (Morrison & Furlong, 2019).
Please consider the following in your discussion board post:
In: Nursing
9) Congratulations, you have graduated and scored a job at one of the Charleston area’s largest consulting firms. You have just finished typical first day stuff (choosing your screensaver, arranging your cubicle, etc) when your new supervisor walks in. “Listen –new person, I have to go to a company shareholders pat ourselves on the back meeting this afternoon that just came up three months ago. I scheduled a meeting with a new client today and you need to brief the client on what regulations apply to their site. They own a large industrial/agricultural facility on a few hundred acres. They want to redevelop part of it and keep part of it operating as is; part has existing contamination; part has new chemical and biotechnology operations; part has day to day operations that result in hazardous as well as municipal solid waste. You need to brief them on what three (3) major federal regulations apply to their site and what those regulations mean. Youalso need to let them know specifically which regulations apply to their different on site problems and operations–here is a list of those operations or problems.” Thedescriptions of the specific regulations need to be very detailed.
The list: •Developing a genetically engineered strain of soybeans to resist cold and draught
•Groundwater contamination on a closed parcel of land from TCE contamination in 1945
•Soil contamination from 1980 –all carcinogens –wants to redevelop the site for new use
•Solid waste from the buildings, machine shop, and motor pool
•Hazardous waste (generated daily) from three ethylene crackers
•Low level hazardous waste from two ammonia production facilities
•Final research and development of a novel agricultural pesticide that willlikely hit the market next year•Production of a new food additive/preservative
•Production of a new cosmeticoThe company also wants to know under what act they can be fined if their production disposal practices and storage practices are not appropriate
In: Civil Engineering
Prompt. In the last few weeks, the Federal Reserve has
introduced a series of unconventional monetary policy tools—lending
facilities, essentially, designed to ease credit strains that firms
and municipalities will likely experience as the U.S. economy is
buffeted by the novel coronavirus pandemic. The “Fed Brief” that
accompanies this prompt outlines these new unconventional tools.
Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act grants the central bank
the authority, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury,
to implement these tools in emergency situations—what the Act
identifies as “unusual and exigent” circumstances.
The governors of the Federal Reserve reason that these
unconventional actions are in the best interest of the economy.
Nevertheless, the governors are concerned that these actions, which
have attracted the attention of journalists, politicians, and
pundits alike, could ultimately politicize the Federal Reserve and,
in doing so, compromise its ability to achieve its long-run
monetary policy goals. Consider, for example, the recent Wall
Street Journal article, by renowned financial journalist Greg Ip,
that accompanies this prompt. Thus, the governors—Michelle Bowman,
Lael Brainard, Richard Clarida, Jerome Powell, and Randal
Quarles—ask you to assess how the central bank’s recent
unconventional actions might affect its monetary policy outcomes in
the long run. Specifically, the governors ask you to answer the
following three questions.
1. In general, would the politicization of the central bank render
monetary policy more or less time consistent? Please defend your
reasoning.
2. Central banks endeavor to maintain time-consistent monetary policies, because time-inconsistent monetary policies tend to deliver unwanted inflation outcomes in the long run; why do time-inconsistent monetary policies underperform in this way?
3. Finally, provide an example of how the Federal Reserve and, perhaps, Congress could preserve (or, if necessary, restore) the credibility of the central bank’s commitment to maintain low and stable inflation. Again, please defend your reasoning.
In: Economics
1. One of the biggest news stories of the past few months is the outbreak of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus), first in China and then throughout the world. Numerous pharmaceutical companies have begun to develop COVID-19 vaccines. If all goes well, it will be at least a year before a vaccine is developed, tested, and approved by the FDA. However, one company—Moderna Therapeutics—has beaten all of the other companies in the race so far and is the first to advance to Phase 1 clinical trials.
Suppose that Moderna is the first company to gain approval for a COVID-19 vaccine in the United States. The monthly demand for COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. is Q = 16 – (P/6) where Q is measured in millions of vials and P is measured in dollars. Moderna’s total cost of producing Q vials of vaccine is 2Q2 and Moderna’s marginal cost is 4Q.
1.A As the only company allowed to sell COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S., what price would Moderna charge for its vaccine to maximize profit? How many vials of vaccine would Moderna sell each month? What are Moderna’s monthly profits from the sale of COVID-19 vaccine?
1.B How many vials of vaccine would be produced and what price per vial would be charged if this were a perfectly competitive market?
1.C (Vaccines, like the COVID-19 vaccine being developed by Moderna, provide benefits beyond the benefits received by those vaccinated. For instance, as more people are vaccinated, the odds of disease transmission to vulnerable groups who cannot be vaccinated (e.g., infants) are reduced. Suppose the marginal social benefit of the COVID-19 vaccine is 110 – 6Q, which is greater than the marginal private benefit. Given this, what role do you think the federal government should play in vaccine development, if any, beyond the determination of safety and effectiveness associated with vaccine approval?
In: Economics
Engineering Ethics Course
Codes of Ethics Assignment
Review the Intel Pentium Chip case (Case below) and answer
following questions:
1. Which statements in IEEE’s code of ethics do you believe Intel
violated in this case? For each statement you select, justify your
selection with an explanation.
2. Given that Intel perceived that the chip flaw was insignificant,
and that flaws are likely to occur in early versions of a chip,
what approach do you think Intel should have followed as they put
the chips on sale?
The Intel Pentium® Chip Case
In late 1994, the media began to report that there was a flaw in the new Pentium microprocessor produced by Intel. The microprocessor is the heart of a personal computer and controls all of the operations and calculations that take place. A flaw in the Pentium was especially significant, since it was the microprocessor used in 80% of the personal computers produced in the world at that time.
Apparently, flaws in a complicated integrated circuit such as the Pentium, which at the time contained over one million transistors, are common. However, most of the flaws are undetectable by the user and don’t affect the operation of the computer. Many of these flaws are easily compensated for through software. The flaw that came to light in 1994 was different: It was detectable by the user. This particular flaw was in the floating-point unit (FPU) and caused a wrong answer when double-precision arithmetic, a very common operation, was performed.
A standard test was widely published to determine whether a user’s microprocessor was flawed. Using spreadsheet software, the user was to take the number 4,195,835, multiply it by 3,145,727, and then divide that result by 3,145,727. As we all know from elementary math, when a number is multiplied and then divided by the same number, the result should be the original number. In this example, the result should be 4,195,835. However, with the flawed FPU, the result of this calculation was 4,195,579 [Infoworld, 1994]. Depending on the application, this six-thousandths-of-a-percent error might be very significant.
At first, Intel’s response to these reports was to deny that there was any problem with the chip. When it became clear that this assertion was not accurate, Intel switched its policy and stated that although there was indeed a defect in the chip, it was insignificant and the vast majority of users would never even notice it. The chip would be replaced for free only for users who could demonstrate that they needed an unflawed version of the chip [Infoworld, 1994]. There is some logic to this policy from Intel’s point of view, since over two million computers had already been sold with the defective chip.
Of course, this approach didn’t satisfy most Pentium owners. After all, how can you predict whether you will have a future application where this flaw might be significant? IBM, a major Pentium user, canceled the sales of all IBM computers containing the flawed chip. Finally, after much negative publicity in the popular personal computer literature and an outcry from Pentium users, Intel agreed to replace the flawed chip with an unflawed version for any customer who asked to have it replaced.
It should be noted that long before news of the flaw surfaced in the popular press, Intel was aware of the problem and had already corrected it on subsequent versions. It did, however, continue to sell the flawed version and, based on its early insistence that the flaw did not present a significant problem to users, seemingly planned to do so until the new version was available and the stocks of the flawed one were exhausted. Eventually, the damage caused by this case was fixed as the media reports of the problem died down and as customers were able to get unflawed chips into their computers. Ultimately, Intel had a write-off of 475 million dollars to solve this problem.
What did Intel learn from this experience? The early designs for new chips continue to have flaws, and sometimes these flaws are not detected until the product is already in use by consumers. However, Intel’s approach to these problems has changed. It now seems to feel that problems need to be fixed immediately. In addition, the decision is now based on the consumer’s perception of the significance of the flaw, rather than on Intel’s opinion of its significance.
Indeed, similar flaws were found in 1997 in the early
versions of the Pentium II and Pentium Pro processors. This time,
Intel immediately confirmed that the flaw existed and offered
customers software that would correct it. Other companies also seem
to have benefited from Intel’s experience. For example, Intuit, a
leading manufacturer of tax preparation and financial software,
called a news conference in March of 1995 to apologize for flaws in
its TurboTax software that had become apparent earlier in that
year. In addition to the apology, they offered consumers
replacements for the defective software.
In: Electrical Engineering
| observation_date | FEDFUNDS |
| 1954-07-01 | 0.80 |
| 1954-08-01 | 1.22 |
| 1954-09-01 | 1.06 |
| 1954-10-01 | 0.85 |
| 1954-11-01 | 0.83 |
| 1954-12-01 | 1.28 |
| 1955-01-01 | 1.39 |
| 1955-02-01 | 1.29 |
| 1955-03-01 | 1.35 |
| 1955-04-01 | 1.43 |
| 1955-05-01 | 1.43 |
| 1955-06-01 | 1.64 |
| 1955-07-01 | 1.68 |
| 1955-08-01 | 1.96 |
| 1955-09-01 | 2.18 |
| 1955-10-01 | 2.24 |
| 1955-11-01 | 2.35 |
| 1955-12-01 | 2.48 |
| 1956-01-01 | 2.45 |
| 1956-02-01 | 2.50 |
| 1956-03-01 | 2.50 |
| 1956-04-01 | 2.62 |
| 1956-05-01 | 2.75 |
| 1956-06-01 | 2.71 |
| 1956-07-01 | 2.75 |
| 1956-08-01 | 2.73 |
| 1956-09-01 | 2.95 |
| 1956-10-01 | 2.96 |
| 1956-11-01 | 2.88 |
| 1956-12-01 | 2.94 |
| 1957-01-01 | 2.84 |
| 1957-02-01 | 3.00 |
| 1957-03-01 | 2.96 |
| 1957-04-01 | 3.00 |
| 1957-05-01 | 3.00 |
| 1957-06-01 | 3.00 |
| 1957-07-01 | 2.99 |
| 1957-08-01 | 3.24 |
| 1957-09-01 | 3.47 |
| 1957-10-01 | 3.50 |
| 1957-11-01 | 3.28 |
| 1957-12-01 | 2.98 |
| 1958-01-01 | 2.72 |
| 1958-02-01 | 1.67 |
| 1958-03-01 | 1.20 |
| 1958-04-01 | 1.26 |
| 1958-05-01 | 0.63 |
| 1958-06-01 | 0.93 |
| 1958-07-01 | 0.68 |
| 1958-08-01 | 1.53 |
| 1958-09-01 | 1.76 |
| 1958-10-01 | 1.80 |
| 1958-11-01 | 2.27 |
| 1958-12-01 | 2.42 |
| 1959-01-01 | 2.48 |
| 1959-02-01 | 2.43 |
| 1959-03-01 | 2.80 |
| 1959-04-01 | 2.96 |
| 1959-05-01 | 2.90 |
| 1959-06-01 | 3.39 |
| 1959-07-01 | 3.47 |
| 1959-08-01 | 3.50 |
| 1959-09-01 | 3.76 |
| 1959-10-01 | 3.98 |
| 1959-11-01 | 4.00 |
| 1959-12-01 | 3.99 |
| 1960-01-01 | 3.99 |
| 1960-02-01 | 3.97 |
| 1960-03-01 | 3.84 |
| 1960-04-01 | 3.92 |
| 1960-05-01 | 3.85 |
| 1960-06-01 | 3.32 |
| 1960-07-01 | 3.23 |
| 1960-08-01 | 2.98 |
| 1960-09-01 | 2.60 |
| 1960-10-01 | 2.47 |
| 1960-11-01 | 2.44 |
| 1960-12-01 | 1.98 |
| 1961-01-01 | 1.45 |
| 1961-02-01 | 2.54 |
| 1961-03-01 | 2.02 |
| 1961-04-01 | 1.49 |
| 1961-05-01 | 1.98 |
| 1961-06-01 | 1.73 |
| 1961-07-01 | 1.17 |
| 1961-08-01 | 2.00 |
| 1961-09-01 | 1.88 |
| 1961-10-01 | 2.26 |
| 1961-11-01 | 2.61 |
| 1961-12-01 | 2.33 |
| 1962-01-01 | 2.15 |
| 1962-02-01 | 2.37 |
| 1962-03-01 | 2.85 |
| 1962-04-01 | 2.78 |
| 1962-05-01 | 2.36 |
| 1962-06-01 | 2.68 |
| 1962-07-01 | 2.71 |
| 1962-08-01 | 2.93 |
| 1962-09-01 | 2.90 |
| 1962-10-01 | 2.90 |
| 1962-11-01 | 2.94 |
| 1962-12-01 | 2.93 |
| 1963-01-01 | 2.92 |
| 1963-02-01 | 3.00 |
| 1963-03-01 | 2.98 |
| 1963-04-01 | 2.90 |
| 1963-05-01 | 3.00 |
| 1963-06-01 | 2.99 |
| 1963-07-01 | 3.02 |
| 1963-08-01 | 3.49 |
| 1963-09-01 | 3.48 |
| 1963-10-01 | 3.50 |
| 1963-11-01 | 3.48 |
| 1963-12-01 | 3.38 |
| 1964-01-01 | 3.48 |
| 1964-02-01 | 3.48 |
| 1964-03-01 | 3.43 |
| 1964-04-01 | 3.47 |
| 1964-05-01 | 3.50 |
| 1964-06-01 | 3.50 |
| 1964-07-01 | 3.42 |
| 1964-08-01 | 3.50 |
| 1964-09-01 | 3.45 |
| 1964-10-01 | 3.36 |
| 1964-11-01 | 3.52 |
| 1964-12-01 | 3.85 |
| 1965-01-01 | 3.90 |
| 1965-02-01 | 3.98 |
| 1965-03-01 | 4.04 |
| 1965-04-01 | 4.09 |
| 1965-05-01 | 4.10 |
| 1965-06-01 | 4.04 |
| 1965-07-01 | 4.09 |
| 1965-08-01 | 4.12 |
| 1965-09-01 | 4.01 |
| 1965-10-01 | 4.08 |
| 1965-11-01 | 4.10 |
| 1965-12-01 | 4.32 |
| 1966-01-01 | 4.42 |
| 1966-02-01 | 4.60 |
| 1966-03-01 | 4.65 |
| 1966-04-01 | 4.67 |
| 1966-05-01 | 4.90 |
| 1966-06-01 | 5.17 |
| 1966-07-01 | 5.30 |
| 1966-08-01 | 5.53 |
| 1966-09-01 | 5.40 |
| 1966-10-01 | 5.53 |
| 1966-11-01 | 5.76 |
| 1966-12-01 | 5.40 |
| 1967-01-01 | 4.94 |
| 1967-02-01 | 5.00 |
| 1967-03-01 | 4.53 |
| 1967-04-01 | 4.05 |
| 1967-05-01 | 3.94 |
| 1967-06-01 | 3.98 |
| 1967-07-01 | 3.79 |
| 1967-08-01 | 3.90 |
| 1967-09-01 | 3.99 |
| 1967-10-01 | 3.88 |
| 1967-11-01 | 4.13 |
| 1967-12-01 | 4.51 |
| 1968-01-01 | 4.60 |
| 1968-02-01 | 4.71 |
| 1968-03-01 | 5.05 |
| 1968-04-01 | 5.76 |
| 1968-05-01 | 6.11 |
| 1968-06-01 | 6.07 |
| 1968-07-01 | 6.02 |
| 1968-08-01 | 6.03 |
| 1968-09-01 | 5.78 |
| 1968-10-01 | 5.91 |
| 1968-11-01 | 5.82 |
| 1968-12-01 | 6.02 |
| 1969-01-01 | 6.30 |
| 1969-02-01 | 6.61 |
| 1969-03-01 | 6.79 |
| 1969-04-01 | 7.41 |
| 1969-05-01 | 8.67 |
| 1969-06-01 | 8.90 |
| 1969-07-01 | 8.61 |
| 1969-08-01 | 9.19 |
| 1969-09-01 | 9.15 |
| 1969-10-01 | 9.00 |
| 1969-11-01 | 8.85 |
| 1969-12-01 | 8.97 |
| 1970-01-01 | 8.98 |
| 1970-02-01 | 8.98 |
| 1970-03-01 | 7.76 |
| 1970-04-01 | 8.10 |
| 1970-05-01 | 7.94 |
| 1970-06-01 | 7.60 |
| 1970-07-01 | 7.21 |
| 1970-08-01 | 6.61 |
| 1970-09-01 | 6.29 |
| 1970-10-01 | 6.20 |
| 1970-11-01 | 5.60 |
| 1970-12-01 | 4.90 |
| 1971-01-01 | 4.14 |
| 1971-02-01 | 3.72 |
| 1971-03-01 | 3.71 |
| 1971-04-01 | 4.15 |
| 1971-05-01 | 4.63 |
| 1971-06-01 | 4.91 |
| 1971-07-01 | 5.31 |
| 1971-08-01 | 5.56 |
| 1971-09-01 | 5.55 |
| 1971-10-01 | 5.20 |
| 1971-11-01 | 4.91 |
| 1971-12-01 | 4.14 |
| 1972-01-01 | 3.50 |
| 1972-02-01 | 3.29 |
| 1972-03-01 | 3.83 |
| 1972-04-01 | 4.17 |
| 1972-05-01 | 4.27 |
| 1972-06-01 | 4.46 |
| 1972-07-01 | 4.55 |
| 1972-08-01 | 4.80 |
| 1972-09-01 | 4.87 |
| 1972-10-01 | 5.04 |
| 1972-11-01 | 5.06 |
| 1972-12-01 | 5.33 |
| 1973-01-01 | 5.94 |
| 1973-02-01 | 6.58 |
| 1973-03-01 | 7.09 |
| 1973-04-01 | 7.12 |
| 1973-05-01 | 7.84 |
| 1973-06-01 | 8.49 |
| 1973-07-01 | 10.40 |
| 1973-08-01 | 10.50 |
| 1973-09-01 | 10.78 |
| 1973-10-01 | 10.01 |
| 1973-11-01 | 10.03 |
| 1973-12-01 | 9.95 |
| 1974-01-01 | 9.65 |
| 1974-02-01 | 8.97 |
| 1974-03-01 | 9.35 |
| 1974-04-01 | 10.51 |
| 1974-05-01 | 11.31 |
| 1974-06-01 | 11.93 |
| 1974-07-01 | 12.92 |
| 1974-08-01 | 12.01 |
| 1974-09-01 | 11.34 |
| 1974-10-01 | 10.06 |
| 1974-11-01 | 9.45 |
| 1974-12-01 | 8.53 |
| 1975-01-01 | 7.13 |
| 1975-02-01 | 6.24 |
| 1975-03-01 | 5.54 |
| 1975-04-01 | 5.49 |
| 1975-05-01 | 5.22 |
| 1975-06-01 | 5.55 |
| 1975-07-01 | 6.10 |
| 1975-08-01 | 6.14 |
| 1975-09-01 | 6.24 |
| 1975-10-01 | 5.82 |
| 1975-11-01 | 5.22 |
| 1975-12-01 | 5.20 |
| 1976-01-01 | 4.87 |
| 1976-02-01 | 4.77 |
| 1976-03-01 | 4.84 |
| 1976-04-01 | 4.82 |
| 1976-05-01 | 5.29 |
| 1976-06-01 | 5.48 |
| 1976-07-01 | 5.31 |
| 1976-08-01 | 5.29 |
| 1976-09-01 | 5.25 |
| 1976-10-01 | 5.02 |
| 1976-11-01 | 4.95 |
| 1976-12-01 | 4.65 |
| 1977-01-01 | 4.61 |
| 1977-02-01 | 4.68 |
| 1977-03-01 | 4.69 |
| 1977-04-01 | 4.73 |
| 1977-05-01 | 5.35 |
| 1977-06-01 | 5.39 |
| 1977-07-01 | 5.42 |
| 1977-08-01 | 5.90 |
| 1977-09-01 | 6.14 |
| 1977-10-01 | 6.47 |
| 1977-11-01 | 6.51 |
| 1977-12-01 | 6.56 |
| 1978-01-01 | 6.70 |
| 1978-02-01 | 6.78 |
| 1978-03-01 | 6.79 |
| 1978-04-01 | 6.89 |
| 1978-05-01 | 7.36 |
| 1978-06-01 | 7.60 |
| 1978-07-01 | 7.81 |
| 1978-08-01 | 8.04 |
| 1978-09-01 | 8.45 |
| 1978-10-01 | 8.96 |
| 1978-11-01 | 9.76 |
| 1978-12-01 | 10.03 |
| 1979-01-01 | 10.07 |
| 1979-02-01 | 10.06 |
| 1979-03-01 | 10.09 |
| 1979-04-01 | 10.01 |
| 1979-05-01 | 10.24 |
| 1979-06-01 | 10.29 |
| 1979-07-01 | 10.47 |
| 1979-08-01 | 10.94 |
| 1979-09-01 | 11.43 |
| 1979-10-01 | 13.77 |
| 1979-11-01 | 13.18 |
| 1979-12-01 | 13.78 |
| 1980-01-01 | 13.82 |
| 1980-02-01 | 14.13 |
| 1980-03-01 | 17.19 |
| 1980-04-01 | 17.61 |
| 1980-05-01 | 10.98 |
| 1980-06-01 | 9.47 |
| 1980-07-01 | 9.03 |
| 1980-08-01 | 9.61 |
| 1980-09-01 | 10.87 |
| 1980-10-01 | 12.81 |
| 1980-11-01 | 15.85 |
| 1980-12-01 | 18.90 |
| 1981-01-01 | 19.08 |
| 1981-02-01 | 15.93 |
| 1981-03-01 | 14.70 |
| 1981-04-01 | 15.72 |
| 1981-05-01 | 18.52 |
| 1981-06-01 | 19.10 |
| 1981-07-01 | 19.04 |
| 1981-08-01 | 17.82 |
| 1981-09-01 | 15.87 |
| 1981-10-01 | 15.08 |
| 1981-11-01 | 13.31 |
| 1981-12-01 | 12.37 |
| 1982-01-01 | 13.22 |
| 1982-02-01 | 14.78 |
| 1982-03-01 | 14.68 |
| 1982-04-01 | 14.94 |
| 1982-05-01 | 14.45 |
| 1982-06-01 | 14.15 |
| 1982-07-01 | 12.59 |
| 1982-08-01 | 10.12 |
| 1982-09-01 | 10.31 |
| 1982-10-01 | 9.71 |
| 1982-11-01 | 9.20 |
| 1982-12-01 | 8.95 |
| 1983-01-01 | 8.68 |
| 1983-02-01 | 8.51 |
| 1983-03-01 | 8.77 |
| 1983-04-01 | 8.80 |
| 1983-05-01 | 8.63 |
| 1983-06-01 | 8.98 |
| 1983-07-01 | 9.37 |
| 1983-08-01 | 9.56 |
| 1983-09-01 | 9.45 |
| 1983-10-01 | 9.48 |
| 1983-11-01 | 9.34 |
| 1983-12-01 | 9.47 |
| 1984-01-01 | 9.56 |
| 1984-02-01 | 9.59 |
| 1984-03-01 | 9.91 |
| 1984-04-01 | 10.29 |
| 1984-05-01 | 10.32 |
| 1984-06-01 | 11.06 |
| 1984-07-01 | 11.23 |
| 1984-08-01 | 11.64 |
| 1984-09-01 | 11.30 |
| 1984-10-01 | 9.99 |
| 1984-11-01 | 9.43 |
| 1984-12-01 | 8.38 |
| 1985-01-01 | 8.35 |
| 1985-02-01 | 8.50 |
| 1985-03-01 | 8.58 |
| 1985-04-01 | 8.27 |
| 1985-05-01 | 7.97 |
| 1985-06-01 | 7.53 |
| 1985-07-01 | 7.88 |
| 1985-08-01 | 7.90 |
| 1985-09-01 | 7.92 |
| 1985-10-01 | 7.99 |
| 1985-11-01 | 8.05 |
| 1985-12-01 | 8.27 |
| 1986-01-01 | 8.14 |
| 1986-02-01 | 7.86 |
| 1986-03-01 | 7.48 |
| 1986-04-01 | 6.99 |
| 1986-05-01 | 6.85 |
| 1986-06-01 | 6.92 |
| 1986-07-01 | 6.56 |
| 1986-08-01 | 6.17 |
| 1986-09-01 | 5.89 |
| 1986-10-01 | 5.85 |
| 1986-11-01 | 6.04 |
| 1986-12-01 | 6.91 |
| 1987-01-01 | 6.43 |
| 1987-02-01 | 6.10 |
| 1987-03-01 | 6.13 |
| 1987-04-01 | 6.37 |
| 1987-05-01 | 6.85 |
| 1987-06-01 | 6.73 |
| 1987-07-01 | 6.58 |
| 1987-08-01 | 6.73 |
| 1987-09-01 | 7.22 |
| 1987-10-01 | 7.29 |
| 1987-11-01 | 6.69 |
| 1987-12-01 | 6.77 |
| 1988-01-01 | 6.83 |
| 1988-02-01 | 6.58 |
| 1988-03-01 | 6.58 |
| 1988-04-01 | 6.87 |
| 1988-05-01 | 7.09 |
| 1988-06-01 | 7.51 |
| 1988-07-01 | 7.75 |
| 1988-08-01 | 8.01 |
| 1988-09-01 | 8.19 |
| 1988-10-01 | 8.30 |
| 1988-11-01 | 8.35 |
| 1988-12-01 | 8.76 |
| 1989-01-01 | 9.12 |
| 1989-02-01 | 9.36 |
| 1989-03-01 | 9.85 |
| 1989-04-01 | 9.84 |
| 1989-05-01 | 9.81 |
| 1989-06-01 | 9.53 |
| 1989-07-01 | 9.24 |
| 1989-08-01 | 8.99 |
| 1989-09-01 | 9.02 |
| 1989-10-01 | 8.84 |
| 1989-11-01 | 8.55 |
| 1989-12-01 | 8.45 |
| 1990-01-01 | 8.23 |
| 1990-02-01 | 8.24 |
| 1990-03-01 | 8.28 |
| 1990-04-01 | 8.26 |
| 1990-05-01 | 8.18 |
| 1990-06-01 | 8.29 |
| 1990-07-01 | 8.15 |
| 1990-08-01 | 8.13 |
| 1990-09-01 | 8.20 |
| 1990-10-01 | 8.11 |
| 1990-11-01 | 7.81 |
| 1990-12-01 | 7.31 |
| 1991-01-01 | 6.91 |
| 1991-02-01 | 6.25 |
| 1991-03-01 | 6.12 |
| 1991-04-01 | 5.91 |
| 1991-05-01 | 5.78 |
| 1991-06-01 | 5.90 |
| 1991-07-01 | 5.82 |
| 1991-08-01 | 5.66 |
| 1991-09-01 | 5.45 |
| 1991-10-01 | 5.21 |
| 1991-11-01 | 4.81 |
| 1991-12-01 | 4.43 |
| 1992-01-01 | 4.03 |
| 1992-02-01 | 4.06 |
| 1992-03-01 | 3.98 |
| 1992-04-01 | 3.73 |
| 1992-05-01 | 3.82 |
| 1992-06-01 | 3.76 |
| 1992-07-01 | 3.25 |
| 1992-08-01 | 3.30 |
| 1992-09-01 | 3.22 |
| 1992-10-01 | 3.10 |
| 1992-11-01 | 3.09 |
| 1992-12-01 | 2.92 |
| 1993-01-01 | 3.02 |
| 1993-02-01 | 3.03 |
| 1993-03-01 | 3.07 |
| 1993-04-01 | 2.96 |
| 1993-05-01 | 3.00 |
| 1993-06-01 | 3.04 |
| 1993-07-01 | 3.06 |
| 1993-08-01 | 3.03 |
| 1993-09-01 | 3.09 |
| 1993-10-01 | 2.99 |
| 1993-11-01 | 3.02 |
| 1993-12-01 | 2.96 |
| 1994-01-01 | 3.05 |
| 1994-02-01 | 3.25 |
| 1994-03-01 | 3.34 |
| 1994-04-01 | 3.56 |
| 1994-05-01 | 4.01 |
| 1994-06-01 | 4.25 |
| 1994-07-01 | 4.26 |
| 1994-08-01 | 4.47 |
| 1994-09-01 | 4.73 |
| 1994-10-01 | 4.76 |
| 1994-11-01 | 5.29 |
| 1994-12-01 | 5.45 |
| 1995-01-01 | 5.53 |
| 1995-02-01 | 5.92 |
| 1995-03-01 | 5.98 |
| 1995-04-01 | 6.05 |
| 1995-05-01 | 6.01 |
| 1995-06-01 | 6.00 |
| 1995-07-01 | 5.85 |
| 1995-08-01 | 5.74 |
| 1995-09-01 | 5.80 |
| 1995-10-01 | 5.76 |
| 1995-11-01 | 5.80 |
| 1995-12-01 | 5.60 |
| 1996-01-01 | 5.56 |
| 1996-02-01 | 5.22 |
| 1996-03-01 | 5.31 |
| 1996-04-01 | 5.22 |
| 1996-05-01 | 5.24 |
| 1996-06-01 | 5.27 |
| 1996-07-01 | 5.40 |
| 1996-08-01 | 5.22 |
| 1996-09-01 | 5.30 |
| 1996-10-01 | 5.24 |
| 1996-11-01 | 5.31 |
| 1996-12-01 | 5.29 |
| 1997-01-01 | 5.25 |
| 1997-02-01 | 5.19 |
| 1997-03-01 | 5.39 |
| 1997-04-01 | 5.51 |
| 1997-05-01 | 5.50 |
| 1997-06-01 | 5.56 |
| 1997-07-01 | 5.52 |
| 1997-08-01 | 5.54 |
| 1997-09-01 | 5.54 |
| 1997-10-01 | 5.50 |
| 1997-11-01 | 5.52 |
| 1997-12-01 | 5.50 |
| 1998-01-01 | 5.56 |
| 1998-02-01 | 5.51 |
| 1998-03-01 | 5.49 |
| 1998-04-01 | 5.45 |
| 1998-05-01 | 5.49 |
| 1998-06-01 | 5.56 |
| 1998-07-01 | 5.54 |
| 1998-08-01 | 5.55 |
| 1998-09-01 | 5.51 |
| 1998-10-01 | 5.07 |
| 1998-11-01 | 4.83 |
| 1998-12-01 | 4.68 |
| 1999-01-01 | 4.63 |
| 1999-02-01 | 4.76 |
| 1999-03-01 | 4.81 |
| 1999-04-01 | 4.74 |
| 1999-05-01 | 4.74 |
| 1999-06-01 | 4.76 |
| 1999-07-01 | 4.99 |
| 1999-08-01 | 5.07 |
| 1999-09-01 | 5.22 |
| 1999-10-01 | 5.20 |
| 1999-11-01 | 5.42 |
| 1999-12-01 | 5.30 |
| 2000-01-01 | 5.45 |
| 2000-02-01 | 5.73 |
| 2000-03-01 | 5.85 |
| 2000-04-01 | 6.02 |
| 2000-05-01 | 6.27 |
| 2000-06-01 | 6.53 |
| 2000-07-01 | 6.54 |
| 2000-08-01 | 6.50 |
| 2000-09-01 | 6.52 |
| 2000-10-01 | 6.51 |
| 2000-11-01 | 6.51 |
| 2000-12-01 | 6.40 |
| 2001-01-01 | 5.98 |
| 2001-02-01 | 5.49 |
| 2001-03-01 | 5.31 |
| 2001-04-01 | 4.80 |
| 2001-05-01 | 4.21 |
| 2001-06-01 | 3.97 |
| 2001-07-01 | 3.77 |
| 2001-08-01 | 3.65 |
| 2001-09-01 | 3.07 |
| 2001-10-01 | 2.49 |
| 2001-11-01 | 2.09 |
| 2001-12-01 | 1.82 |
| 2002-01-01 | 1.73 |
| 2002-02-01 | 1.74 |
| 2002-03-01 | 1.73 |
| 2002-04-01 | 1.75 |
| 2002-05-01 | 1.75 |
| 2002-06-01 | 1.75 |
| 2002-07-01 | 1.73 |
| 2002-08-01 | 1.74 |
| 2002-09-01 | 1.75 |
| 2002-10-01 | 1.75 |
| 2002-11-01 | 1.34 |
| 2002-12-01 | 1.24 |
| 2003-01-01 | 1.24 |
| 2003-02-01 | 1.26 |
| 2003-03-01 | 1.25 |
| 2003-04-01 | 1.26 |
| 2003-05-01 | 1.26 |
| 2003-06-01 | 1.22 |
| 2003-07-01 | 1.01 |
| 2003-08-01 | 1.03 |
| 2003-09-01 | 1.01 |
| 2003-10-01 | 1.01 |
| 2003-11-01 | 1.00 |
| 2003-12-01 | 0.98 |
| 2004-01-01 | 1.00 |
| 2004-02-01 | 1.01 |
| 2004-03-01 | 1.00 |
| 2004-04-01 | 1.00 |
| 2004-05-01 | 1.00 |
| 2004-06-01 | 1.03 |
| 2004-07-01 | 1.26 |
| 2004-08-01 | 1.43 |
| 2004-09-01 | 1.61 |
| 2004-10-01 | 1.76 |
| 2004-11-01 | 1.93 |
| 2004-12-01 | 2.16 |
| 2005-01-01 | 2.28 |
| 2005-02-01 | 2.50 |
| 2005-03-01 | 2.63 |
| 2005-04-01 | 2.79 |
| 2005-05-01 | 3.00 |
| 2005-06-01 | 3.04 |
| 2005-07-01 | 3.26 |
| 2005-08-01 | 3.50 |
| 2005-09-01 | 3.62 |
| 2005-10-01 | 3.78 |
| 2005-11-01 | 4.00 |
| 2005-12-01 | 4.16 |
| 2006-01-01 | 4.29 |
| 2006-02-01 | 4.49 |
| 2006-03-01 | 4.59 |
| 2006-04-01 | 4.79 |
| 2006-05-01 | 4.94 |
| 2006-06-01 | 4.99 |
| 2006-07-01 | 5.24 |
| 2006-08-01 | 5.25 |
| 2006-09-01 | 5.25 |
| 2006-10-01 | 5.25 |
| 2006-11-01 | 5.25 |
| 2006-12-01 | 5.24 |
| 2007-01-01 | 5.25 |
| 2007-02-01 | 5.26 |
| 2007-03-01 | 5.26 |
| 2007-04-01 | 5.25 |
| 2007-05-01 | 5.25 |
| 2007-06-01 | 5.25 |
| 2007-07-01 | 5.26 |
| 2007-08-01 | 5.02 |
| 2007-09-01 | 4.94 |
| 2007-10-01 | 4.76 |
| 2007-11-01 | 4.49 |
| 2007-12-01 | 4.24 |
| 2008-01-01 | 3.94 |
| 2008-02-01 | 2.98 |
| 2008-03-01 | 2.61 |
| 2008-04-01 | 2.28 |
| 2008-05-01 | 1.98 |
| 2008-06-01 | 2.00 |
| 2008-07-01 | 2.01 |
| 2008-08-01 | 2.00 |
| 2008-09-01 | 1.81 |
| 2008-10-01 | 0.97 |
| 2008-11-01 | 0.39 |
| 2008-12-01 | 0.16 |
| 2009-01-01 | 0.15 |
| 2009-02-01 | 0.22 |
| 2009-03-01 | 0.18 |
| 2009-04-01 | 0.15 |
| 2009-05-01 | 0.18 |
| 2009-06-01 | 0.21 |
| 2009-07-01 | 0.16 |
| 2009-08-01 | 0.16 |
| 2009-09-01 | 0.15 |
| 2009-10-01 | 0.12 |
| 2009-11-01 | 0.12 |
| 2009-12-01 | 0.12 |
| 2010-01-01 | 0.11 |
| 2010-02-01 | 0.13 |
| 2010-03-01 | 0.16 |
| 2010-04-01 | 0.20 |
| 2010-05-01 | 0.20 |
| 2010-06-01 | 0.18 |
| 2010-07-01 | 0.18 |
| 2010-08-01 | 0.19 |
| 2010-09-01 | 0.19 |
| 2010-10-01 | 0.19 |
| 2010-11-01 | 0.19 |
| 2010-12-01 | 0.18 |
| 2011-01-01 | 0.17 |
| 2011-02-01 | 0.16 |
| 2011-03-01 | 0.14 |
| 2011-04-01 | 0.10 |
| 2011-05-01 | 0.09 |
| 2011-06-01 | 0.09 |
| 2011-07-01 | 0.07 |
| 2011-08-01 | 0.10 |
| 2011-09-01 | 0.08 |
| 2011-10-01 | 0.07 |
| 2011-11-01 | 0.08 |
| 2011-12-01 | 0.07 |
| 2012-01-01 | 0.08 |
| 2012-02-01 | 0.10 |
| 2012-03-01 | 0.13 |
| 2012-04-01 | 0.14 |
| 2012-05-01 | 0.16 |
| 2012-06-01 | 0.16 |
| 2012-07-01 | 0.16 |
| 2012-08-01 | 0.13 |
| 2012-09-01 | 0.14 |
| 2012-10-01 | 0.16 |
| 2012-11-01 | 0.16 |
| 2012-12-01 | 0.16 |
| 2013-01-01 | 0.14 |
| 2013-02-01 | 0.15 |
| 2013-03-01 | 0.14 |
| 2013-04-01 | 0.15 |
| 2013-05-01 | 0.11 |
| 2013-06-01 | 0.09 |
| 2013-07-01 | 0.09 |
| 2013-08-01 | 0.08 |
| 2013-09-01 | 0.08 |
| 2013-10-01 | 0.09 |
| 2013-11-01 | 0.08 |
| 2013-12-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-01-01 | 0.07 |
| 2014-02-01 | 0.07 |
| 2014-03-01 | 0.08 |
| 2014-04-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-05-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-06-01 | 0.10 |
| 2014-07-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-08-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-09-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-10-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-11-01 | 0.09 |
| 2014-12-01 | 0.12 |
| 2015-01-01 | 0.11 |
| 2015-02-01 | 0.11 |
| 2015-03-01 | 0.11 |
| 2015-04-01 | 0.12 |
| 2015-05-01 | 0.12 |
Using the data in the Federal Funds Rate tab in the data file, perform the following analysese.
a) Create a new column in the data file with the 5 period moving average series of the Federal Funds rate.
b) Create a new column in the data file with the expontential smoothing series with W=0.25.
c) Plot the three columns against the date.
d) Fit an Autoregressive model to this data, assume that the true model has only one lag in it.
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