Answer should show an understanding of the species concepts and a defensible use of evidence.
• Correct definition of species concept
• Selection of evidence that is relevant to the species concept and good explanation of how the evidence is used.
• Clear description of additional evidence that is relevant to the species concept

1. Two morphs of the marine snail Littorina saxatilis have been identified on rocky intertidal shores in Galacia, Spain. Johannesson et al (1995) made the following observations about these snails:

• One morph consists of snails with smooth, unbanded shells. These snails are found in the blue mussel zone, low in the intertidal. The other morph consists of snails with ridged, banded shells. These snails are found high in the intertidal, in the barnacle zone.
• All snails feed on algae, but algal species differ between the two zones.
• The two morphs overlap in a narrow midshore band at the border of the blue mussel and barnacle zones.
• Mating in the midshore band is not random. Females prefer to mate with males of the same morph, and only 8% of the snails in the midshore band are hybrids.
• Some female hybrids have been observed with embryos in their brood pouches, indicating that they are not sterile. However, the survival rates of hybrids relative to the survival rates of pure morphs are unknown.

Consider the information provided in this case study in addressing the questions below.

1. (2m) Does the case study describe sympatric or allopatric speciation? Explain your answer, including a definition of the mode of speciation that you have identified in this case.

2. (18m) Are the two morphs separate species:
   • According to the biological species concept?
   • According to the morphological species concept?
   • According to the ecological species concept?

For each species concept, define the species concept, explain what information you used to answer the question and suggest one piece of additional information that would be relevant in helping you to decide if the two morphs are separate species

True Financial corporation is a financial services holding company headquartered in ithaca new york, that offers banking insurance and wealth management service. It pays cash dividends quarterly and also issues stock dividends periodically.

1. At March 31, 2012, True had 9,726,700 shares issued with a par value of $7.00 per share and $75,00 share held in treasury. On April 25, 2012, the company announced that its Board of Directors approved payment of a regular quarterly cash dividend of 3.50 per share , payable on May 15, 2012, to common shareholder of record on May 7,2012. Assume no shares were acquired or sold by the company after March 31. Give the journal entry to record the declaration of the cash dividend.

2. At December 31, 2009, True reported 5,918,200 shares issued with a par value of $7.00 per share and 11,200 share held in treasury. On January 27,2010, the company announced that its board of directors approved payment of a regular quarterly cash dividend of $3.60 per share, payable on February 25, 2010 to common shareholders of record on February 5, 2010. The board also approved the payment of 5% stock dividend distributable on February 25, 2010, to common shareholders of record on February 5, 2010. The share price was $50 when the stock dividend was issued. Assume no treasury shares were acquired or sold after June 30. Prepare the journal entry to record true 's stock dividend.

3. True issued 5% stock dividends in 1995, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2010. In 1998, True issued a three-for-one split. If an investor purchased 1,200 shares in 1994, how many shares would the investor have in 2012?

What made the Khemka family decide to enter the beer market in Russia in 1992. How did they find themselves in the situation they were in at the time of the case? What could they have done differently? Why beer? The Khemkas don’t drink beer, don’t know how to make beer, don’t really know the beer market anywhere in the world. And why beer in Russia? Don’t Russians drink vodka...? So how did they do it? How was the growth financed? What do we know about the private placements? The next time the Khemka family raised equity was through a rights issue in September of 1994. What exactly is a rights issue? Is this a common way of issuing equity? How about GDRs? Is this really high finance or a fairly standard way of raising capital? Why did Sun Brewing issue GDRs? What about the IPO? Does December 1995 sound like a good time to take SUN Brewing public? Why did they do it, then? How did the private placement investors do as a result? Except for the 60% loan, all the sources of outside capital the Khemkas tapped into were equity. Why didn’t they use more debt? Could they? Should they? What was the problem with the situation in 1999? What were SUN Brewing’s financing needs in March 1999? How much was the company worth? What risks were associated with investing in a Russian beer company in 1999? Suppose you are Shiv Khemka... you need $38 million immediately to keep the company afloat, plus $76 more if you want to keep it running for the next few years. What were the pros and cons of the different alternatives (listed below) available to the Khemka family in 1999? Stay the course (go it alone) Bring in a strategic (joint venture) partner Bringing in a financial partner Sell off completely

Use the data and Excel to answer this question. It contains the United States Census Bureau’s estimates for World Population from 1950 to 2014. You will find a column of dates and a column of data on the World Population for these years. Generate the time variable t. Then run a regression with the Population data as a dependent variable and time as the dependent variable. Have Excel report the residuals.

(a) Based on the ANOVA table and t-statistics, does the regression appear significant?

(b) Calculate the Durbin-Watson Test statistic. Is there a serial correlation problem with the data? Explain.

(d) What affect might your answer in part (b) have on your conclusions in part (a)?

Can you please give detailed steps to do on excel?

1. Read carefully the below problem text and write the following proposal sections in paragraph format:

1. Analysis of the problem
2. The reasons
3. Proposed solutions
4. Risk to the organisation if the proposed changes are not made

Hunter Co.:

The Hunter Company is a chain of restaurants that are widely distributed across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The business started in 1995 with one branch in Jeddah. It was very successful as it was always crowded and widely complimented by customers in terms of food quality, hygiene and service level. The company then created an expansion strategy to meet the increasing demand. Between 2000 and 2015, The Hunter Co. has opened 50 branches in 30 cities in Saudi Arabia. However, Hunter Co. reported 30% drop in earnings for the second quarter of 2015. In an attempt to understand the causes of such drop, The Hunter company has discovered that customer satisfaction level massively dropped! While gathering information related to the reasons behind the major drop in customer satisfaction, the following comments were given from customers. Many complaints about inappropriate staff behavior. Moreover, complaints about food quality. The service varies from time to time and from a branch to another. Long waiting time. Employees are not taking care of hygiene and cleanliness. In general, they confirm that the food and service quality are below the standards set by the company. The following comments were given by the restaurant staff: Salary is different for the same levels in different restaurants. Nobody cares about how we feel. The company`s CEO says that quality is a priority, but they have brought low quality raw materials to save money. High staff turnover pressure on existing serving staff and managers. The Hunter restaurant is under a real threat of going out of business. They need for transformation to re-gain customer trust.

***IN C++***

Create student structure with the following fields:



Name (cstring or null-terminated character array)



Student ID (int – unique random value between 1000 and 9999)



grade (char – Values A thru F)



birthday (myDate – random value: range 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2005)



Home Town (string)

Create an array of pointers to students of size 10.

Example: Student *stuPtr[10];

Write a function that populates the array with 10 students.

Example: populate(stuPtr);

Write a display function that displays the contents of the array on the screen as shown below –

nicely formatted and left justified.

The displayed list should be nicely formatted with column names like this: All columns should

be left-justified.

Name

Student ID

Grade

Birthday

Home Town

Tom Thumb

1002

C

January 1, 2002

Small Ville

Fred Flintstone

1995

D

February 3, 2003

Bedrock

Sponge Bob

2987

B

June 3, 2001

Bikini Bottom

Create a menu that shows the following options:

1)

Display list sorted by Name

2)

Display list sorted by Student ID

3)

Display list sorted by Grade

4)

Display list sorted by Birthday

5)

Display list sorted by Home Town

6)

Exit

You need to write a sorting function for each of the menu items – 5 options needs 5 functions.

Note:

You must create a function that returns a date between a range of 2 dates.

You will use the myDate class in this program – you will not create any other class. The Student

structure is NOT a class.

Take advantage of your myDate class that you just wrote. Also, it might be helpful to create a

new function that returns a string for the date format:

string myDate::toString( );

Case Study: Evaluating the Training Effort

After trainees complete their training (or perhaps at planned intervals during the training), the program should be evaluated to see how well their objectives have been met. Thus, if assembler should be able to solder a junction in 30 seconds, or a Xerox technician repair a machine in 30 minutes, then the program`s effectiveness should be measured based on whether these objectives are met. For example, are your trainees learning as much as they can? Are they developing the preplanned skills? Is there a better way for managing the training process? These are some of the questions you can answer by properly evaluating you training effort. Many companies that invested heavily in workplace training have substantially improved their positions. While it may not be just the training, Xerox retained over 110,000 employees worldwide in the early 1980s and soon regained market share in its industry. General Motor is another firm that has used training to help recapture market share. A study conducted at General Electric`s in the early 2000s showed that the heavy investments in training between 1995 and 2000 resulted in noticeable improvements in employees` abilities and the quality of their products. Another study found that SG Bank has seen significant increases in its productivity growth after implementing new employee training program.

1. Consider the first bold statement in the text: (10 marks; 5 each)

a. To what type of training outcome does it refer? Justify your answer

b. Identify and discuss the theory of transfer of training applicable to this type of training outcome.

2. Consider the second bold statement in the text: (10 marks; 5 each)

a. To what kind of training evaluation does it refer? Justify your answer.

b. Discuss the effectiveness of this kind of training evaluation.

Critical Thinking

The global marketplace has witnessed an increased pressure from customers and competitors in manufacturing as well as service sector (Basu, 2001; George, 2002).Due to the rapidly changing global marketplace only those companies will be able to survive that will deliver products of good quality at cheaper rate and to achieve their goal companies try to improve performance by focusing on cost cutting, increasing productivity levels, quality and guaranteeing deliveries in order to satisfy customers (Raouf, 1994).

Increased global competition leads the industry to increasing efficiency by means of economies of scale and internal specialization so as to meet market conditions in terms of flexibility, delivery performance and quality (Yamashina, 1995). The changes in the present competitive business environment are characterized by profound competition on the supply side and keenindecisive in customer requirements on the demand side. These changes have left their distinctive marks on the different aspect of the manufacturing organizations (Gomes et al., 2006). With this increasing global economy, cost effective manufacturing has become a requirement to remain competitive.

To meet all the challenges organizations try to introduce different manufacturing and supply techniques. Management of organizations devotes its efforts to reduce the manufacturing costs and to improve the quality of product. To achieve this goal, different manufacturing and supplytechniques have been employed. The last quarter of the 20th century witnessed the adoption of world-class, lean and integrated manufacturing strategies that have drastically changed the way manufacturing firm’sleads to improvement of manufacturing performance (Fullerton and McWatters, 2002).

Consult chapter 7 of your text book or secondary available data on internet and answer the following questions.

Question:

1. Why Companies adopted Lean Thinking and JIT model?
2. Discuss major types of Waste, companies has to keep in mind during production.

Critical Thinking

The global marketplace has witnessed an increased pressure from customers and competitors in manufacturing as well as service sector (Basu, 2001; George, 2002). Due to the rapidly changing global marketplace only those companies will be able to survive that will deliver products of good quality at cheaper rate and to achieve their goal companies try to improve performance by focusing on cost cutting, increasing productivity levels, quality and guaranteeing deliveries in order to satisfy customers (Raouf, 1994).

Increased global competition leads the industry to increasing efficiency by means of economies of scale and internal specialization so as to meet market conditions in terms of flexibility, delivery performance and quality (Yamashina, 1995). The changes in the present competitive business environment are characterized by profound competition on the supply side and keen indecisive in customer requirements on the demand side. These changes have left their distinctive marks on the different aspect of the manufacturing organizations (Gomes et al., 2006). With this increasing global economy, cost effective manufacturing has become a requirement to remain competitive.

To meet all the challenges organizations try to introduce different manufacturing and supply techniques. Management of organizations devotes its efforts to reduce the manufacturing costs and to improve the quality of product. To achieve this goal, different manufacturing and supply techniques have been employed. The last quarter of the 20th century witnessed the adoption of world-class, lean and integrated manufacturing strategies that have drastically changed the way manufacturing firm’s leads to improvement of manufacturing performance (Fullerton and McWatters, 2002).

1. Assess the reasons for using lean thinking (suitable examples), what are the benefits from Suppliers to end users?

2. Due to COVID 19 emergency do you think agile supply chain is the right concept in this kind of situation? Give reason with example.