Questions
Analysis of Changes in Profitability and Growth: Cisco Systems, Inc. 1 By any stretch of the...

Analysis of Changes in

Profitability and Growth: Cisco Systems, Inc.

1

By any stretch of the imagination, Cisco System

s (CSCO) has been a strong growth company. A

darling of the Internet boom of

the late 1990s, it was one of the few technology companies tied to

the Internet and telecommunications

that prospered during that era.

Its products - networking and

communications equipment such as router and sw

itching devices - built the infrastructure of the

Internet. While most Internet

and telecommunications firms str

uggled and failed, their supplier,

Cisco, capitalized on the new technology. At one poi

nt in 2000, its market capitalization was over

half a trillion dollars, the largest market capitaliza

tion of any firm ever.

Its stock price increased

from $10 in 1995 to $80 in 2000, supported by sales growth from $2.0 billion in 1995 to $18.9

billion 2000.

In early 2000, Cisco’s P/E stood at 130 so investors

saw plenty of room for more earnings growth.

However, with the subsequent collapse

of the technology bubble

and the demise of

telecommunications firm such as WorldCom, Qwes

t, and AT&T, the anticipated growth failed to

materialize. Indeed, in 2001 Cisco wrote down

inventory by an astonish

ing $2.3 billion (under the

lower-of-cost-or-market rule), to reflect the dr

op in demand for its products and the emergence of

second-hand telecom equipment market.

Exhibit 1 presents Cisco’s income statements fo

r the fiscal years 2000-2002 and balance sheets for

1999-2002. The exhibit also includes

the cash flow from operations a

nd cash investing sections of

the cash flow statements. The 2000 sales of $18

.9 billion were up from $12.2 billion in 1999 and

$8.5 billion in 1998, a tremendous gr

owth record. But subsequent

sales growth was not as

impressive, as you can see, and led to declini

ng earnings. Indeed, Cisc

o posted a loss for 2001.

Lower earnings on increasing shareholders’ equity clea

rly implies that residual income is declining.

By the end of 2002, Cisco’s shares traded

at $15, well down from the 2000 high of $80.

Other information, most of the from the 10-K f

ootnotes, that was useful in reformulating the

financial statements is presented below. Note th

at the cash flow statements from Exhibit 1 are

particularly useful for identifying core income becau

se some of the items in the reconciliation of net

income to cash flow from operati

ng activities involve unusual items.

Questions:

1.

What adjustments are necessary to reformulate

the income statements and balance sheets to

properly separate financ

ing from operations?

2.

What adjustments are necessary to separate

core operations from othe

r sources of income?

What items are identified as

core in the Balance Sheet?

3.

Calculate Core RNOA and decompose the ratio for Cisco for 2002 and 2001.

1.

Long-term investments are comprised of the following:

2002

2001

2000

1999

Equity investments 567 1,529 6,225 877

Debt investments 8,233 8,817 7,463 6,155

8,800 10,346 13,688

7,032

All short-term investments ar

e debt investments. Restri

cted investments are debt

investments.

2.

$50 million of cash and equivalents

is regarded as operating cash.

3.

“Interest and other income” in the income statements is composed as follows.

2002

2001 2000

Interest income 895 967 577

Gain (loss) on investments (1,104) 163 531

(209) 1,130

1,108

The gain on investments applies mainly to

debt and equity investments, but does include

some derivative

gains and losses and other small items.

4.

The change in accumulated other comprehensiv

e loss for all years was due almost entirely

to unrealized gains and lo

sses on debt investments.

5.

Cisco’s income tax rate (combined

federal and state) is 36.8 percent.

Cisco Income Statements
2002 2001 2000
Sales 18,915 22,293 18,928
Cost of sales, reported 6,902 11,221 6,746
Gross margin 12,013 11,072 12,182
R&D 3,448 3,922 2,704
Sales and marketing 4,264 5,296 3,946
General and administrative 618 778 633
Restructuring charges --- 1,170 ---
Amortization of good will 690 154
Amortization of intagible assets 699 365 137
In-process R&D 65 855 1,373
total operating expenses 9,094 13,076 8,947
operating income from sales, before tax 2,919 (2,004) 3,235
Investment income (209) 1,130 1,108
Income before tax 2,710 (874) 4,343
Taxes 817 140 1,675
Net income 1,893 (1,014) 2,668
Cisco Balance Sheets
Assets 2002 2001 2000 1999
Current Assets:
Working Cash 9,484 4,873 4,234 913
Short-term investments 3,172 2,034 1,291 1,189
Accounts Receivable 1,105 1466 2299 1250
Inventories 880 1684 1232 658
Deferred tax assets 2,030 1809 1091 580
Lease receivables 239 405 -   -  
Prepaid expenses 523 564 963 171
total current assets 17,433 12,835 11,110 4,761
investments 8,800 10,346 13,688 7,032
restricted investments 1,264 1,286 1,080
Property and equipment 4,102 2,591 1,426 825
Goodwill 3,565 3,189 2,937 157
Lease receivables 39 253 527 500
Purchased intangibles 797 1,470 1,150 303
Other assets 3,059 3,290 746 235
Total assets 37,795 35,238 32,870 14,893
Liabilities
Current
Accounts payable 470 644 739 374
Income tax payable 579 241 233 630
Accrued compensation 1,365 1,058 1,317 679
Deferred revenue 3,892 3,214 1,386 724
Other accrued liabilities 2,496 2,553 2,653 631
Restructuring liabilities 322 386 --- ---
9,124 8,096 6,328 3,038
Minority interest 15 22 45 44
Common shareholders' equity 28,656 27,120 26,497 11,811
Cash Flow
Years Ended July 27, 2002 July 28, 2001 July 29, 2000
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss) $1,893.00 ($1,014.00) $2,668.00
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to
net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,957 2,236 863
Provision for doubtful accounts 91 268 40
Provision for inventory 149 2,775 339
Deferred income taxes ($573.00) ($924.00) ($782.00)
Tax benefits from employee stock option plans 61 1,397 2,495
Adjustment to conform fiscal year ends of pooled acquisitions - - ($18.00)
In-process research and development 53 739 1,279
Net (gains) losses on investments and provision for losses 1,127 43 ($92.00)
Restructuring costs and other special charges - 501 -
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable 270 569 ($1,043.00)
Inventories 673 ($1,644.00) ($887.00)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets ($28.00) ($25.00) ($249.00)
Accounts payable ($174.00) ($105.00) 286
Income taxes payable 389 ($434.00) ($365.00)
Accrued compensation 307 ($256.00) 576
Deferred revenue 678 1,629 662
Other accrued liabilities ($222.00) 251 369
Restructuring liabilities ($64.00) 386 -
Net cash provided by operating activities 6,587 6,392 6,141
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of short-term investments ($5,473.00) ($4,594.00) ($2,473.00)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments 5,868 4,370 2,481
Purchases of investments ($15,760.00) ($18,306.00) ($14,778.00)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investments 15,317 15,579 13,240
Purchases of restricted investments ($291.00) ($941.00) ($458.00)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of restricted investments 1,471 1,082 206
Acquisition of property and equipment ($2,641.00) ($2,271.00) ($1,086.00)
Purchases of technology licenses - ($4.00) ($444.00)
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash and cash equivalents 16 ($13.00) 24
Change in lease receivables, net 380 457 ($535.00)
Purchases of investments in privately held companies ($58.00) ($1,161.00) ($130.00)
Lease deposits 320 ($320.00) -
Purchase of minority interest of Cisco Systems, K.K. (Japan) ($115.00) ($365.00) -
Other 159 ($516.00) ($424.00)
Net cash used in investing activities ($807.00) ($7,003.00) ($4,377.00)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance of common stock 655 1,262 1,564
Repurchase of common stock ($1,854.00) - -
Other 30 ($12.00) ($7.00)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities ($1,169.00) 1,250 1,557
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 4,611 639 3,321
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of fiscal year 4,873 4,234 913
Cash and cash equivalents, end of fiscal year $9,484.00 $4,873.00 $4,234.00

In: Accounting

Gwen Stefani makes the following charitable donations in the current year: 1. Inventory held for resale...

Gwen Stefani makes the following charitable donations in the current year:

1. Inventory held for resale in Gwen Stefani’s business (a sole proprietorship)

Basis $ 8,000, Market Value $ 7,200

2. Stock in Driskoll, Inc., held as an investment (acquired two years ago)

Basis 16,000, Market Value 40,000

3. Coin collection held as an investment (acquired five years ago)

Basis 4,000, Market Value 20,000

The Driskoll stock and the inventory were given to Gwen Stefani’s church, and the coin collection was given to the Salvation Army. Both donees promptly sold the property for the stated fair market value. Disregarding percentage limitations, Gwen Stefani’s current charitable contribution deduction is:

In: Accounting

Two unmarried individuals, Albert and Bernia each earn adjusted gross income of $100,000 for tax purposes....

Two unmarried individuals, Albert and Bernia each earn adjusted gross income of $100,000 for tax purposes. Their personal income and professional activities are fundamentally identical. In each of the following independent cases, decide whether the pairs are "equal" who should pay the same amount if income tax or "unequals" who should pay different amounts of income tax.

a. Albert donates $6,000 to the church where he regularly worships and Benita is an atheist who does not make similar expenditures

b. Albert enjoys children and has three children that he supports, but Benita has no children

c. Albert incurs medical costs of $600, and Benita does not incur any medical costs

In: Accounting

5.Which of the following is NOT part of the key elements when considering designing an organisational...

5.Which of the following is NOT part of the key elements when considering designing an organisational structure?

(a) Direction of organisation

(b) Chain of command

(c) Span of control

(d) Formalisation

When the Hong Kong Police organises its forces according to the different regions of Hong Kong in which the forces work, this is an example of which type of organisational structure?

(a) Market structure

(b) Customer structure

(c) Product structure

(d) Geographic structure

The Catholic Church is famous for its very flat structure. One way organisations can keep their hierarchy flat is to __________.

(a) decrease the span of control

(b) increase the numbers of levels of management

(c) decentralise decision making

(d) enlarge job

In: Operations Management

Global Issues and Trends in Healthcare Answer the essay question below and give your reasons and...

Global Issues and Trends in Healthcare

Answer the essay question below and give your reasons and examples.

Create a brief disease profile on the disease known as Stroke (cerebrovascular disease). What sources provide trusted background information about the symptoms of the disease and ways to prevent and treat it? What sources provide good statistical information about how many people worldwide are affected by the condition? What can academic publications contribute to your profile?

In: Nursing

What is the difference between primary algae and secondary algae? Six major groups of algae. How...

What is the difference between primary algae and secondary algae? Six major groups of algae. How are they classified into these groups, and what is unique about each group? What is the difference between diatoms and coccoliths found in algae? What is the difference between foraminiferans and radiolarians found in protozoa? What characteristics differentiate the protozoan groups (foraminiferans and radiolarians) from the algal groups (diatoms and coccoliths) from a microscopic examination? Of what economic and academic value are these organisms?

In: Biology

Part A - Discussion on the audit report The audit report is the key product of...

Part A - Discussion on the audit report

The audit report is the key product of the auditing and assurance process. Using an essay format, discuss the values, issues, and future of the audit report. You are required to cite at least three readings, and two of them must be academic articles from the literature (use the Google Scholar or UoN’s library/database). The textbooks such as Moroney, et al. (2017) do not qualify as an article. APA 6th is required with an appropriate reference list.

In: Accounting

"Creating A Guiding Coalition" Read the article titled “Leading Change in Libraries: A Case Study”. Reflect...

"Creating A Guiding Coalition"

Read the article titled “Leading Change in Libraries: A Case Study”. Reflect on your academic career thus far. The decision to continue your formal education was a change that you implemented in your personal life. Whom did you place on your list as a guiding coalition and why? (Note: You do not have to list individual names. Substitute names for titles or positions are advised.)

NEEDED ANSWERING LIKE ASP!!!

In: Operations Management

Direction:  Information must be 200 word count Chapter 3 Speaking and Listening Identify the key instructional and...

Direction:  Information must be 200 word count

Chapter 3 Speaking and Listening

Identify the key instructional and management moves that support student success.

1. What role does evidence-base reading and writing play in supporting students with academic conversations?

2. How do these practices affect student understanding and comprehension?

3. What role does assessment play in supporting students to achieve proficiency with speaking and listening standards?

In: Psychology

Design an experiment to determine the effect which commuting versus living on campus has on a...

Design an experiment to determine the effect which commuting versus living on campus has on a college student's academic success and use it to answer the following questions:

1. What is your hypothesis?

2. Who will be in the sample? (Who will be the participants?)

3. How will you conduct the research? (What will be the treatment/experimental group versus the control group?)

4. What are the independent and dependent variables?

5. What do you need to do from an ethics standpoint?

In: Psychology