Calculate the government purchases multiplier if the marginal propensity to consume equals 0.75, the tax rate is 0.2, and the marginal propensity to import equals 0.3.
Select one: a. 1.43 b. 1.6 c. 3.33 d. 4
In: Economics
Find the variance of the following data. Round your answer to one decimal place. x 3 4 5 6 7 8 P(X=x) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3
In: Statistics and Probability
Consider the following scenario analysis:
| Rate of Return | |||||
| Scenario | Probability | Stocks | Bonds | ||
| Recession | 0.3 | -4 | % | 12 | % |
| Normal economy | 0.4 | 13 | 7 | ||
| Boom | 0.3 | 22 | 3 | ||
Assume a portfolio with weights of 0.60 in stocks and 0.40 in bonds.
a. What is the rate of return on the portfolio in each scenario? (Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 1 decimal place.)
|
|||||||||||||
b. What are the expected rate of return and standard deviation of the portfolio? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
|
c. Would you prefer to invest in the portfolio, in stocks only, or in bonds only? Explain the benefit of diversification.
In: Finance
Use the following table to answer questions:
|
Month |
Sales (in $1,000) |
|
January |
123 |
|
February |
135 |
|
March |
130 |
|
April |
140 |
|
May |
144 |
|
June |
154 |
|
July |
140 |
|
August |
150 |
|
September |
140 |
In: Statistics and Probability
The unequally spaced data given in Table 2 were generated from f(x)=3xcos(x)
Table 2
| x | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | .0.55 | 0.75 | 0.95 |
| f(x) | 0.2985 | 0.588 | 0.8598 | 1.1052 | 1.4067 | 1.6464 | 1.6578 |
a) Calculate f''(0.1), f''(0.95) and
f'' (0.3) by using the appropriate divided
difference
(forward, backward and central) equations which will give the most
accurate result.
Compute the true percent relative error for each case.
b) Evaluate the integral from a=0.1 to b=0.95 using a
combination of the trapezoidal and
Simpson’s rules; employ Simpson’s rule wherever possible to obtain
the highest
accuracy. Compute the true percent relative error.
In: Advanced Math
1. The owner of Showtime Movie Theaters, Inc. would like to estimate weekly gross revenue as a function of advertising expenditures. Historical data for a sample of eight weeks follow.
|
Weekly Gross |
Television |
Newspaper |
Radio |
|
Revenue |
Advertising |
Advertising |
Advertising |
|
($1000s) |
($1000s) |
($1000s) |
($1000s) |
|
96 |
5 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
|
90 |
2 |
2 |
0.2 |
|
95 |
4 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
|
92 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
0.1 |
|
95 |
3 |
3.3 |
0.4 |
|
94 |
3.5 |
2.3 |
0.4 |
|
94 |
2.5 |
4.2 |
0.3 |
|
94 |
3 |
2.5 |
0.3 |
SHOW ALL WORK
In: Statistics and Probability
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | |
| BVPS, start of year | 7 | 7.61 | 8.51 | 9.51 | 10.73 | 11.77 | 13.17 | 14.4 | 15.91 | 17.58 | 19.43 | 21.47 | 23.72 | 25.38 | 27.16 | 29.06 |
| EPS | 0.81 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.52 | 1.64 | 2 | 2.03 | 2.16 | 2.39 | 2.64 | 2.91 | 3.22 | 2.37 | 2.54 | 2.72 | 2.91 |
| ROE | 0.116 | 0.145 | 0.153 | 0.16 | 0.153 | 0.17 | 0.154 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Payout Ratio | 0.247 | 0.182 | 0.231 | 0.197 | 0.366 | 0.3 | 0.394 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Dividends per Share (Div) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.97 | 0.71 | 0.76 | 0.81 | 0.87 |
| Retained Earnings | 0.61 | 0.9 | 1 | 1.22 | 1.04 | 1.4 | 1.23 | 1.51 | 1.67 | 1.85 | 2.04 | 2.25 | 1.66 | 1.78 | 1.9 | 2.03 |
| BVPS, end of year | 7.61 | 8.51 | 9.51 | 10.73 | 11.77 | 13.17 | 14.4 | 15.91 | 17.58 | 19.43 | 21.47 | 23.72 | 25.38 | 27.16 | 29.06 | 31.1 |
| Dividend Growth Rate | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.105 | -0.263 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | ||||||||
| Cost of capital, r | 0.10 | PIV Div 2017 - 2022 | $ 3.34 | PV at 2022 | 23.72 | |||||||||||
| ROE 2018 - 2022 | 0.15 | NPV including PV in 2022 | $ 16.82 | PV at 2024 | 27.16 | |||||||||||
| ROE 2023 -2024 | 0.10 | |||||||||||||||
| Payout ratio 2018 -2022 | 0.30 | PV DIV 2017 - 2024 | $ 4.15 | |||||||||||||
| Payout ratio 2023 - | 0.30 | NPV including PV at 2024 | $ 16.82 | |||||||||||||
| Note: Valuation date is start of 2017. Dividends assumed paid at end of year. | ||||||||||||||||
What is Reeby Sports worth per share? We will value the company
using George
Reeby's forecasts.
The spreadsheet accompanying this solution sets out a forecast in
the same
general format as Table 4.5. Historical results from 2011 to 2016
are also shown.Earnings
per share (EPS)equals return on equity (ROE) times starting book
value per share
(BVPS). EPS is divided between dividends and retained earnings,
depending on the
dividend payout ratio.BVPS grows as retained earnings are
reinvested.
The keys to Reeby Sports’ future value and growth are profitability
(ROE) and
the reinvestment of retained earnings. Retained earnings are
determined by dividend
payout. The spreadsheet sets ROE at 15% for the six years from 2018
to 2022. If Reeby
Sports will lose its competitive edge by 2022, then it cannot
continue earning more than
its10% cost of capital. Therefore ROE is reduced to 10%startingin
2023.1
The payout ratio is set at .30 from 2018 onwards. Notice that the
long-term
growth rate, which settles inafter 2023, is ROE × ( 1 – dividend
payout ratio) = .10 × (1 -
.30) = .07.
The spreadsheet allows you to vary ROE and the dividend payout
ratio separately
for 2018-2022 and for 2023-2024.2But let’s start with the initial
input values. To
calculate share value, we have to estimate a horizon value at H =
2022 and add its PV to
the PV of dividends from 2017 to 2022. Using the constant-growth
DCF formula,
PV = 0.71 = 23.72 H .10- .07
The PV of dividends from 2017 to 2022 is $3.43 at the start of
2017, so share value is:3
6
PV = 3.43+ 23.72 = $16.82
(1.1)
The spreadsheet also calculates the PV of dividends through 2024
and the horizon
value at 2024. Notice that the PV at the start of 2017 remains at
$16.82. This makes sense, since the value of a firm should not
depend on the investment horizon chosen to calculate
PV. (If you calculate a value that does depend on the horizon, you
have made a mistake.)
We have reduced ROE to the 10% cost of capital after 2022, assuming
that Reeby
Sports will have exhausted valuable growth opportunities by that
date. With PVGO = 0,
PV = EPS/r.4So we could discard the constant-growth DCF formula and
just divide EPS
in 2023 by the cost of capital:
PVH = 2.37 = $23.72 .10
This PVis identical to the PV from the constant-growth DCF formula.
It doesn’t matter
how fast a company grows after the horizon date H if it only earns
its cost of capital.
How much of Reeby Sports’ value is due to PVGO?You can check by
setting
ROE = .10 for 2018 and all later years.You should get PV = $13.82.
Thus PVGO = 16.82
– 13.82 = $3.00 per share for investments made in 2017onward.
George Reeby has also identified a "comparable," Molly Sports. We
could use its
P/E ratio of 13.1 to calculate horizon value in 2022 and PV at the
start of 2017. Using
the original inputs for ROE, EPS in 2023 is 2.37.5
H
6
PV 13.1 2.37 $31.05
PV 3.43 31.05 $20.96
(1.10)
= ´ =
= + =
We couldalso use Molly’s P/E ratio to calculate Reeby Sports’ PV at
the start of 2017
directly from 2017 EPS:
PV = 13.1 ´ 2.03 = $26.59
The Question is ?
Both values based on Molly’s P/E are higher than our DCF
calculations. Is Molly
significantly more profitable than Reeby Sports, or does our
spreadsheet understate
Reeby Sports’ prospects?
What if Reeby Sports could continue to earn ROE = .15 for two extra
years, until
2024?You can check by changing ROE for 2023-2024 from .10 to .15.
(The ROE for
2025 and 2026 is hard-wired at .10.)You should get NPV of $18.04,
somewhat higher
than our original DCF calculations, but not enough for Reeby Sports
to match Molly’s P/E.You may wish to experiment to find inputs that
generate P/E = 13 for Reeby Sports
at the start of 2017. Do you think these inputs are
reasonable?
In: Accounting
The following emprical equation is derived for the solution of an engineering problem: Z = X Y^2 √ W where: X : Uniformly distributed between 2.0 and 4.0, Y: Normally distributed with median 1.0 and Pr(Y ≤ 2.0) = 0.9207, W: Exponentially distributed with a median of 1.0, and X, Y and W are statistically independent.
a) Compute the mean values, variances and coefficients of variation of X, Y and W, respectively.
b) Compute the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of Z using the first-order approximation.
In: Statistics and Probability
The following data for a random sample of banks in two cities represent the ATM fees for using another bank's ATM. Compute the range and sample standard deviation for ATM fees for each city. what is the standard deviation for city A? what is the standard deviation for city B? Which city has the most dispersion based on range? Which city has more dispersion based on the standard deviation? City A 2.5 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.0 City B 1.25 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.00
In: Statistics and Probability
In: Chemistry