Elaine was enjoying a pleasant day on the ski slopes at Winter Park. When she got on the lift to the top of Parsenn Bowl (12,000 ft), the weather was fine—windy, but sunny. During the 5- or 10-minute ride, the weather changed suddenly; it became a white-out, with icy surface snow, blowing snow, a very strong wind, and extremely low visibility. Many people fell as they got off the lift, including Elaine. However, she got up and joined her family members as they stood, wondering just how they were going to get down the mountain. Meanwhile, the lift closed due to the terrible conditions (50-mile-an-hour wind and a temperature of −20° F). As she adjusted her stance, Elaine somehow twisted and fell again, which resulted in external rotation of her right knee. There was no pain at the time and she thought she could get up and prepare to get down the mountain, but her knee was too unstable. While she sat on the icy surface, her husband notified the lift operator to call the Ski Patrol. In about 20 minutes they arrived and put her on a sled, which they skied down the slope; when they reached the Ski Patrol headquarters, they transferred the sled to a snowmobile and promptly got her down the mountain and into the emergency room.

What would happen to her body if the homeostatic mechanism failed?

What areas of the body would be the most vulnerable to frostbite?

What are the signs and symptoms of frostbite?

Give an example of a negative feedback mechanism that is describing her condition right now. Label all of the components and put what is occurring in her body at this time.

You may need to use the appropriate technology to answer this question.

An amusement park studied methods for decreasing the waiting time (minutes) for rides by loading and unloading riders more efficiently. Two alternative loading/unloading methods have been proposed. To account for potential differences due to the type of ride and the possible interaction between the method of loading and unloading and the type of ride, a factorial experiment was designed. Use the following data to test for any significant effect due to the loading and unloading method, the type of ride, and interaction. Use α = 0.05.

Find the value of the test statistic for method of loading and unloading.

Find the p-value for method of loading and unloading. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion about method of loading and unloading.

Because the p-value > α = 0.05, method of loading and unloading is not significant.Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, method of loading and unloading is significant.     Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, method of loading and unloading is not significant.Because the p-value > α = 0.05, method of loading and unloading is significant.

Find the value of the test statistic for type of ride.

Find the p-value for type of ride. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion about type of ride.

Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, type of ride is not significant.Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, type of ride is significant.     Because the p-value > α = 0.05, type of ride is not significant.Because the p-value > α = 0.05, type of ride is significant.

Find the value of the test statistic for interaction between method of loading and unloading and type of ride.

Find the p-value for interaction between method of loading and unloading and type of ride. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion about interaction between method of loading and unloading and type of ride.

Because the p-value > α = 0.05, interaction between method of loading and unloading and type of ride is significant.Because the p-value > α = 0.05, interaction between method of loading and unloading and type of ride is not significant.     Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, interaction between method of loading and unloading and type of ride is significant.Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, interaction between method of loading and unloading and type of ride is not significant.

2. You may need to use the appropriate technology to answer this question.

The calculations for a factorial experiment involving four levels of factor A, three levels of factor B, and three replications resulted in the following data: SST = 282, SSA = 26, SSB = 22, SSAB = 179.Set up the ANOVA table. (Round your values for mean squares and F to two decimal places, and your p-values to three decimal places.)

Test for any significant main effects and any interaction effect. Use α = 0.05.

Find the value of the test statistic for factor A. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

Find the p-value for factor A. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion about factor A.

Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, factor A is not significant.Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, factor A is significant.     Because the p-value > α = 0.05, factor A is not significant.Because the p-value > α = 0.05, factor A is significant.

Find the value of the test statistic for factor B. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

Find the p-value for factor B. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion about factor B.

Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, factor B is significant.Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, factor B is not significant.     Because the p-value > α = 0.05, factor B is not significant.Because the p-value > α = 0.05, factor B is significant.

Find the value of the test statistic for the interaction between factors A and B. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

Find the p-value for the interaction between factors A and B. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion about the interaction between factors A and B.

Because the p-value > α = 0.05, the interaction between factors A and B is not significant.Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, the interaction between factors A and B is not significant.     Because the p-value ≤ α = 0.05, the interaction between factors A and B is significant.Because the p-value > α = 0.05, the interaction between factors A and B is significant.

Exercise 5A-2 Least-Squares Regression [LO5-11]

Bargain Rental Car offers rental cars in an off-airport location near a major tourist destination in California. Management would like to better understand the variable and fixed portions of it car washing costs. The company operates its own car wash facility in which each rental car that is returned is thoroughly cleaned before being released for rental to another customer. Management believes that the variable portion of its car washing costs relates to the number of rental returns. Accordingly, the following data have been compiled:

Exercise 5A-2 Part 2

2. Using least-squares regression, estimate the variable cost per rental return and the monthly fixed cost incurred to wash cars. (Round Fixed cost to the nearest whole dollar amount and the Variable cost per unit to 2 decimal places.)

Last year, two friends Gear and Nogear invested in residential apartments. Each invested $1m of their own money (their net wealth).

Apartments cost $1m last year and they earned net rents of $30k pa over the last year. Net rents are calculated as rent revenues less the costs of renting such as property maintenance, land tax and council rates. However, interest expense and personal income taxes are not deducted from net rents.

Gear and Nogear funded their purchases in different ways:

Gear used $1m of her own money and borrowed $4m from the bank in the form of an interest-only loan with an interest rate of 5% pa to buy 5 apartments.

Nogear used $1m of his own money to buy one apartment. He has no mortgage loan on his property.

Both Gear and Nogear also work in high-paying jobs and are subject personal marginal tax rates of 45%. Assume that capital gains are taxed at the full 45% personal rate when the asset is sold.

Over the past year, house prices increased by 4%, before subtracting capital gains tax (CGT).

Gear and Nogear both sold their houses and Gear paid back all debt.

Which of the below statements about the past year is NOT correct? Note that m stands for million (10^6) and k stands for kilo (10^3).

Select one:

a. Gear's debt-to-assets ratio one year ago was 80% while Nogear's was zero.

b. Gear's net rent before tax was 150k while Nogear's was 30k.

c. Gear's capital gains before tax were 200k while Nogear's was 40k.

d. Gear's interest expense before tax was 250k while Nogear's was zero.

e. Gear's income and capital gains after tax due to the investment properties (ignoring opportunity costs) was 82.5k while Nogear's was 38.5k.

Last year, two friends Gear and Nogear invested in residential apartments. Each invested $1m of their own money (their net wealth).

Apartments cost $1m last year and they earned net rents of $30k pa over the last year. Net rents are calculated as rent revenues less the costs of renting such as property maintenance, land tax and council rates. However, interest expense and personal income taxes are not deducted from net rents.

Gear and Nogear funded their purchases in different ways:

Gear used $1m of her own money and borrowed $4m from the bank in the form of an interest-only loan with an interest rate of 5% pa to buy 5 apartments.

Nogear used $1m of his own money to buy one apartment. He has no mortgage loan on his property.

Both Gear and Nogear also work in high-paying jobs and are subject personal marginal tax rates of 45%. Assume that capital gains are taxed at the full 45% personal rate when the asset is sold.

Over the past year, house prices increased by 4%, before subtracting capital gains tax (CGT).

Gear and Nogear both sold their houses and Gear paid back all debt.

Which of the below statements about the past year is NOT correct? Note that m stands for million (10^6) and k stands for kilo (10^3).

Select one:

a. Gear's debt-to-assets ratio one year ago was 80% while Nogear's was zero.

b. Gear's net rent before tax was 150k while Nogear's was 30k.

c. Gear's capital gains before tax were 200k while Nogear's was 40k.

d. Gear's interest expense before tax was 250k while Nogear's was zero.

e. Gear's income and capital gains after tax due to the investment properties (ignoring opportunity costs) was 82.5k while Nogear's was 38.5k.

1) Identical twins Anna and Hannah visit you at the optical clinic. Anna, whose eyes can easily focus on distant objects (her far point), is also able to focus on objects within 20 cm of her eyes (her near point). Assuming the diameter and, hence, the distance between the cornea and retina, of Anna's eye is 20 mm, what is the range (in diopters) of Anna's vision? The limits of this range correspond to the total refractive power of her eyes at their far point and and the refractive power at their near point.

a) from 50 to 50.5 diopters

b) from 50 to 55 diopters

c) from 50 to 60 diopters

d) from 0 to 5 diopters

2) Hannah's eyes have the same range as her sister's, with the same focal power for her cornea (50 diopters) and for her variable lens (5 diopters), but Hannah suffers from myopia. She cannot focus on any object that lies more than 0.7 meters from her eyes since they are slightly longer -- the cornea to retina distance is larger -- than her sister's eyes. Considering this new far point, what is the diameter of Hannah's eyes (in millimeters, to the nearest tenth of a millimeter) assuming Anna's eye diameter was ideally, again, 20.0 mm? Hint: the focal power of the cornea remains the same for Hannah as for Anna for focusing distant objects, but the farthest Hannah can see (object distance) changes from infinity to 0.7 meters.  

3) Assuming, instead, that the diameters of Hannah's myopic eyes were 20.4 mm, but, again, that Hannah's eyes share the same focal powers for her cornea and lens as Anna's, what would be Hannah's near point (to the nearest tenth of a cm, in cm) if Anna's, again, is 20 cm?

4) Now assuming Anna's far point was found to be 0.8 m (i.e., her eyes can't focus on any object more than 0.8 m away), what power corrective lenses would you prescribe to Hannah so that, when wearing these lenses, her visual range was the same as Anna's (from a near point of 20 cm to a far point of infinity? Give your answer in units of diopters, to the nearest tenth of a diopter, with the correct sign.

5) One treatment of cataracts is to surgically remove the variable lens of the eye. If we assume that the cornea's refractive power focuses objects at infinite distances onto the retina of a person who has had this surgery, what power correcting lenses would they need to be able to read text at a 21-cm near-point distance? Again, give your answer in units of diopters, to the nearest tenth of a diopter and with the correct sign.

1. (Public Goods Game) Suppose that there are two people, Agent 1 and Agent 2 in a town.
Assume that there is no street light in the town. To build a street light, someone should pay
costs and once it is built, everyone can enjoy the benefit of street light as there is no way to
force not to use it. Once the street light is build, while Agent 1 has 10 payoff, Agent 2 has 5
payoff. If only one person paid for it, the cost of building a street light is 6. If both agents
paid, each person needs to pay only half of it, thus the cost in this case is 3. As a result, the
payoff matrix of this public goods game is as follows.

(a) What are BR1(Pay) and BR1(Not Pay)? And what are BR2(Pay) and BR2(Not Pay)?
(b) What is the Nash Equilibrium (NE)?
(c) Suppose that there are many agents who have the same preference of Agent 2. In that
case, what would be the NE? Please explain this with Free Rider problem.

1. The following data relating to units shipped and total shipping expense have been assembled by XYZ Company, a wholesaler of large, custom-built air-conditioning units for commercial buildings:

Required:

1. Using the high-low method, estimate a cost formula for shipping expense.
2. Using the cost formula you derived above, what amount of total shipping expense would you expect to be incurred if 10 units will be shipped?
3. What factors, other than the number of units shipped, do think are likely to affect the company's total shipping expense?

2. Because of Covid-19, some companies around the world have chosen to minimize fixed capacity costs. However, every company has some costs to which it is committed. Distinguish between committed fixed costs and discretionary fixed costs. Give three examples for each.

Many families in California are using backyard structures for home offices, art studios, and hobby areas as well as for additional storage. Suppose that the mean price for a customized wooden, shingled backyard structure is . Assume that the standard deviation is .

a. What is the  -score for a backyard structure costing  (to 2 decimals)? If your answer is negative, enter minus (-) sign.

b. What is the  -score for a backyard structure costing  (to 2 decimals)?

c. Interpret the  -scores in parts (a) and (b). Comment on whether either should be considered an outlier.

is  standard deviations - Select your answer -belowaboveItem 4 the mean.

is  standard deviations - Select your answer -belowaboveItem 6 the mean.

- Select your answer -The z -score in part (a) is an outlierThe z -score in part (b) is an outlierBoth are outliersNeither is an outlierItem 7

d. If the cost for a backyard shed-office combination built in Albany, California, is , should this structure be considered an outlier? Explain.

is    (to 2 decimals) standard deviations  - Select your answer -abovebelowItem 9 the mean. This cost  - Select your answer -isis notItem 10 an outlier.

USE 2018 TAX RULES TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

Jane suffers from a degenerative spinal disorder. Her physician said that swimming could help prevent the onset of permanent paralysis and recommended the installation of a swimming pool at her residence for her use. Jane’s residence had a market value of approximately $500,000 before the swimming pool was installed. The swimming pool was built, and an appraiser estimated that the value of Jane’s home increased by $98,000 because of the addition.

The pool cost $194,000, and Jane claimed a medical expense deduction of $96,000 ($194,000 − $98,000) on her tax return. Upon audit of the return, the IRS determined that an adequate pool should have cost $70,000 and would increase the value of her home by only $31,000. Thus, the IRS claims that Jane is entitled to a deduction of only $39,000 ($70,000 − $31,000).

Is there any ceiling limitation on the amount deductible as a medical expense? Explain.

Can capital expenditures be deductible as medical expenses? Explain.

What is the significance of a “minimum adequate facility”? Should aesthetic or architectural qualities be considered in the determination? Why or why not?