Yasmin Jamieson is 18 years old and is about to graduate from an Ottawa high school. She must decide: which university will she attend in September? She wants to follow a 4-year undergraduate degree in Economics. Yasmin has been accepted to attend McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, and Stanford University, California, United States. She faces only one annual cost for the each of the four years she is in university: tuition. Annual tuition at McMaster is $15,000. At Stanford, annual tuition is $45,000. Assume that she is not considering the option of working after high school. Therefore, do not consider the foregone labour earnings when going to university. After graduation, Yasmin has a strong interest in Labour Economics and hopes to receive job offers from Capital Economics (near Hamilton, Canada) and from Insight Economics (near Stanford, USA).

She knows that these two companies offer different annual salaries depending on where one has graduated. Capital Economics will offer a McMaster graduate an annual salary of $128,000 and a Stanford graduate an annual salary of $160,000. Insight Economics will offer a McMaster graduate an annual salary of $175,000 and a Stanford graduate an annual salary of $250,000.

Let’s assume the following:

• Yasmin’s objective in her decision-making is to maximize the present value of net future income over her career (that is, income net of costs).

• She is certain to get job offers from both companies.

• Please ignore differences between these two cities in terms of income taxes, the exchange rate, the cost of living and moving costs.

• These annual salaries do not change for the duration of her expected career, from age 22 to 65. Hint: this time horizon is sufficiently long to use the present value (PV) approximation formula.

• However, the present value of annual tuition costs should be calculated using the expanded present value formula.

• The market interest rate is 5%. Which university would you recommend to Yasmin? Please show all your calculations and explain your recommendation. (20 points)

A friend of yours who is a science graduate who started his/her own pharmaceutical manufacturing company after getting the approval from the Ministry of Health. He/she is asking you explain the concept of Organization Life Cycle.

a. Draw an Organization Life Cycle chart with all the phases for the company mentioned above?

b. Explain the phases involved in OLC .?

1. A PhD student studying statistics created an hypothesis to generate a p-value. Evaluating the hypothesis ??0: ?? = 0.75 versus ??1: ?? ≠ 0.75, an individual conducting a research , researched 60 randomly selected adults. The information achieved was reflected in a test statistic value of −1.71. What would be the corresponding p-value for this test?

2. A famous shoes place is testing a new shoe line as a new product item at select locations across the country. The company would like to estimate the proportion of customers in these locations that would be pleased with this decision The company wants the estimate to have a margin of error of no more than 3% with 99% confidence. Which minimum sample size needed to obtain the estimate with the desired precision?

a. ) 73

(B) 1842

(C) 1929

(D) Cannot be determined because population standard deviation was not given.

3. A restaurant owner surveyed a random sample of guest who have been to his restaurant the previous year to determine if they were still looking for a job. The survey included 125 who visited and loved the restaurant, of which 15 were still looking for a job. Of the 150 people who hated the restaurant who were surveyed, 12 were still looking for a job. The restaurant owner will use these results to carry out a hypothesis test to investigate whether there is a larger proportion of people who love the restaurant (S) still looking for a job compared to those that hate the restaurant (NS) . 12.

Which of the following is not a condition for carrying out this hypothesis test?

(A) The data come from two independent samples

(B) Both samples were chosen at random

(C) Both populations are normally distributed

(D) Both ??S??̂ S(1 − ??̂ S) and ??NS??̂ NS(1 − ??̂ NS) are more than 10

Which of the following gives the hypotheses for this hypothesis test?

(A) ??0: ??̂ S = ??̂ NS ??1: ??̂ S > ??̂ NS

(B) ??0: ??̂ S > ??̂ NS ??1: ??̂ S = ??̂ NS

(C) ??0: ??S = ??NS ??1: ??S > ??NS

(D) ??0: ??S > ??NS ??1: ??S = ??NS

What is the test statistics for this hypothesis test? ( show work)

1- when demand is inelastic, an increase in price will cause

a. an increase in total revenue.

b. a decrease in total revenue.

c. no change in total revenue but an increase in quantity demanded.

d. no change in total revenue but a decrease in quantity demanded .

2- In competitive markets,

a.firms produce identical products.

b.no individual buyer can influence the market price.

c.no individual seller can influence the market price.

d.All of the above are correct.

3- In the circular-flow digram,

a.firms are buyers in the markets for goods and services.

b.households are sellers in the markets for the factors of production.

c.firms are sellers in the markets for factors of production and in the markets for goods and services.

d.dollars that are spent on goods and services flow directly from firms to households.

4- Factors of production are?

a.the mathematical calculations firms make in determining their optimal production levels.

b. social and political conditions that affect production.

c. the physical relationships between economic inputs and outputs.

d. inputs into the production process.

5- which of the following is not an example of the opportunity cost of going to school?

a.The money a student could have earned by working if he had not gone to college.

b. The nap a student could have enjoyed if he had not attended class.

c. The party a student could have enjoyed if he had not stayed in to study for his exam.

d. The money a student spends on rent for his apartment while attending school.

11. A relative frequency value of 0.074 is equal to what percentage?

12. What is incorrect in the grouped frequency classes below?

Class Interval

100 - 105

105 - 110

110 - 115

115 - 120

A. There are no problems

B. The classes are not mutually exclusive

C. The class width is inconsistent

D. The classes are not continuous

12. The possible grades on a statistics class project are A, B, C, D, and F. In one section, the frequency of Cs in the class is 10. Which of the following statements are true?

14. The midpoint for the class 83 - 87 is _____.

15. What is incorrect in the grouped frequency classes below?

Class Interval

27 - 32

33 - 38

40 - 45

46 - 51

52 - 57

16. The class width for the class intervals below is ________.

83 - 87

88 - 92

93 - 97

For this discussion, we will be focusing specifically on 23andMe. The relevant articles and sites to read are available below. I purposely ordered the references chronologically to show a shift in thinking behind personal genomics and 23andMe.

2010 Who Owns the Data - Please focus on the second page and the brief continuation onto the third page.

SciMag2010 - Who Owns the Data(1).pdf

2013 FDA Warning to 23andMe

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/11/frustrated-us-fda-issues-warning-23andme

2013 23andMe Prohibited from Giving Health Info

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/12/dna-testing-company-wont-offer-health-information-anymore

2015 Can 23andMe have it all?

SciMag2015 - Can 23andME have it all(1).pdf

Please read all four items and discuss the shift in the company's approach to genetic analysis. Please also discuss what you think about personal genomic companies' approaches to research. Feel free to compare 23andMe's polices on research with another company's. Did you think the FDA was right in prohibiting 23andMe from providing health information?

These are some sample talking points to get you thinking about the ethics of genetic research in the context of Big Data. You don't have to answer all of these questions and I highly recommend that you bring up other talking points. For example, the last paper I gave you was from 2015. You could find a more recent paper on 23andMe or look up their more current policies and discuss those.

A student survey was completed by 446 students in introductory statistics courses at a large university in the fall of 2003. Students were asked to pick their favorite color from black, blue, green, orange, pink, purple, red, yellow.

(a) If colors were equally popular, what proportion of students would choose each color? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

(b) We might well suspect that the color yellow will be less popular than others. Using software to access the survey data, report the sample proportion who preferred the color yellow. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(c) Is the proportion preferring yellow in fact lower than the proportion you calculated in (a)?

(d) Use software to produce a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of all students who would choose yellow.
(e) How does your confidence interval relate to the proportion you calculated in (a)?

it is strictly below that proportion it contains that proportion     it is strictly above that proportion

Income inequality and the poverty rate The following table summarizes the income distribution for the town of Perkopia, which has a population of 10,000 people. Every individual within an income group earns the same income, and the total annual income in the economy is $500,000,000. Suppose that in 1998, the poverty line is set at an annual income of $30,000 for an individual. Year Share of Total Income in Perkopia (Percent) Lowest Quintile Second Quintile Middle Quintile Fourth Quintile Highest Quintile 1998 5.0 11.0 16.0 24.0 44.0 2004 3.9 9.7 15.2 22.6 48.6 2010 3.5 8.8 14.7 22.0 51.0 2016 3.0 8.6 14.0 21.5 52.9 The data in the table suggest that there was income inequality from 1998 to 2016. Complete the following table to help you determine the poverty rate in Perkopia in 1998. To do this, begin by determining the total income of all individuals in each quintile using the fact that total annual income in the economy is $500,000,000. Next, determine the income of an individual in each quintile by dividing the total income of that quintile by the number of people in that quintile. (Hint: Recall that Perkopia has a population of 10,000 people.) Finally, determine whether the individual income for each quintile falls below the poverty line of $30,000. Quintile Share of Income in 1998 Total Income Individual Income Below Poverty Line? (Percent) (Dollars) (Dollars) Lowest 5.0 Second 11.0 Middle 16.0 Fourth 24.0 Highest 44.0 Using the information in this table, the poverty rate in Perkopia in 1998 is . Suppose that the government introduces a welfare program in which any individual with an income of less than $30,000 per year receives a lump-sum transfer payment of $5,000 from the government. Assume that, in the short run, there is no change in labor-supply behavior among the people in Perkopia. In the year 1998, the poverty rate after the introduction of the welfare program in Perkopia is . Again, suppose the government introduces a welfare program in which any individual with an income of less than $30,000 receives a lump-sum transfer payment of $5,000 from the government. Kate, a resident of Perkopia who currently earns an income of $29,578, has the opportunity to work overtime and earn an additional $1,900 this year. Which of the following statements are correct? Check all that apply. Kate may accept the overtime if she feels that taking it will increase the chances of her receiving a significant promotion. The $5,000 in aid presents a disincentive for Kate to make more than $30,000 per year. Kate would gain more income by turning down the overtime than she would if she accepted the overtime

Sun Minerals, Inc., is considering issuing additional long-term debt to finance an expansion. Currently, the company has $52 million in 8 percent debt outstanding. Its after-tax net income is $12 million, and the company is in the 40 percent tax bracket. The company is required by the debt holders to maintain its times interest earned ratio at 3.8 or greater. Do not round intermediate calculations.

What is the present coverage (times interest earned) ratio? Round your answer to one decimal place. 5.8 times

How much additional 8 percent debt can the company issue now and maintain its times interest earned ratio at 3.8? (Assume for this calculation that earnings before interest and taxes remain at their present level.) Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as 1.2, not 1,200,000. Round your answer to two decimal places. $ 13.79 million

If the interest rate on additional debt is 10 percent, how much unused “debt capacity” does the company have? Enter your answer in millions. For example, an answer of $1.2 million should be entered as 1.2, not 1,200,000. Round your answer to two decimal places. $ .63 million

Which two of the following five statements are correct?

Select two alternatives:

When a private equity firm purchases the outstanding equity of a publicly traded firm using debt financing, thereby taking the company private, the transaction is called a leveraged buyout.

The process of selling stock to the public for the first time is called a seasoned equity offering (SEO).

Individual investors who buy equity in small private firms are called angel investors.

Researchers have found that, on average, the market greets the news of an SEO with a price increase.

The major advantage of undertaking an IPO is also one of the major disadvantages of an IPO: When investors diversify their holdings, the equity holders of the corporation become more concentrated.