The following multipart problem asks you to derive a number of characteristics of an extrasolar planetary system. Assume that the planet has been detected by Kepler with the transit method, and that the transits are periodic (as shown below, a dip in the lightcurve indicates that a planet has moved in front of the star).

(a) The star has 3 times the mass of the sun (i.e., M∗ = 3.0M⊙) and the period of the transits are 2.0 Earth years (i.e, the orbital period of the planet around its star is twice the orbital period of the Earth around the sun Tp = 2.0T⊕). To make things interesting, let’s imagine that the planet is in an elliptical orbit with eccentricity e = 0.3. What is the perihelion of the extrasolar planet to it’s star in a.u.? (Remember that the radius of the Earth’s orbit around the sun is a⊕ = 1 a.u., it might help to eliminate some constants).

(b) If the star has its maximum emission (observed flux per unit wavelength interval) at a wavelength of λp,∗ = 250nm what is the temperature of the star T∗? (Hint: note that the sun has it’s peak emission λp,⊙ = 500nm and has a temperature of T⊙ = 5, 800K, use ratios!)

(c) If the star has twice the radius of the sun R∗ = 3.0R⊙, what is the luminosity of the star relative to that of the sun L∗/L⊙?

(d) Now, using the relative luminosity of the star to the sun, L∗/L⊙, from part (c), the relative distances of the Earth to the sun, d⊕, and the average distance of the planet to its star, dp calculate the no-greenhouse temperature of the planet as follows: First, assume that all of the properties of the atmosphere and the planet’s surface (i.e., the emissivity, absorptivity, pollution, etc.) are the same as those of the Earth. Also assume that the radius of the planet is equal to twice that of the Earth Rp = 2R⊙. Solve for the ratio of the temperature of the planet to that of the Earth (Tp = T⊙). Then, use the average temperature of the Earth T⊕ = 256K to find Tp. Do you want to live on this planet? (Note: the no- greenhouse temperature is that temperature for which the total power absorbed by the planet, equals the total power re-radiated into space assuming the planet is a perfect black-body)

Suppose that the sitting​ back-to-knee length for a group of adults has a normal distribution with a mean of mu equals 23.4 in. and a standard deviation of sigma equals 1.1 in. These data are often used in the design of different​ seats, including aircraft​ seats, train​ seats, theater​ seats, and classroom seats. Instead of using 0.05 for identifying significant​ values, use the criteria that a value x is significantly high if​ P(x or ​greater)less than or equals0.01 and a value is significantly low if​ P(x or ​less)less than or equals0.01. Find the​ back-to-knee lengths separating significant values from those that are not significant. Using these​ criteria, is a​ back-to-knee length of 25.7 in. significantly​ high?

A cliché that sums up the concept of diminishing marginal returns/increasing marginal costs is:

Question 8 options:

Siesta Manufacturing has asked you to evaluate a capital investment project. The project will require an initial investment of $88,000. The life of the investment is 7 years with a residual value of $4,000. If the project produces net annual cash inflows of $16,000, what is the accounting rate of return?

In what ways are the Payback Period and Accounting Rate of Return methods of capital budgeting alike?

ABC Company is adding a new product line that will require an investment of $1,500,000. The product line is estimated to generate cash inflows of $300,000 the first year, $250,000 the second year, and $200,000 each year thereafter for ten more years. What is the payback period?

Bonneville Manufacturing is considering an investment that would require an initial net investment of $650,000. The following annual revenues/expenses relate exclusively to the investment: Sales $350,000 -Variable expenses -$40,000 -Salaries expense -$28,000 -Rent expense -$20,000 -Depreciation expense -$40,000 Operating income $222,000 The investment will have a residual value of $50,000 at the end of its 15 year useful life. What is the payback period for this investment?

An annuity is best described as which of the following statements? A stream of interest payments on a principal amount invested, Another term used for future value, A stream of equal cash installments made at equal time intervals

Another term used for present value Concose Park Department is considering a new capital investment. The following information is available on the investment. The cost of the machine will be $330,000. The annual cost savings if the new machine is acquired will be $85,000. The machine will have a 5-year life, at which time the terminal disposal value is expected to be $32,000. Concose Park Department is assuming no tax consequences. If Concose Park Department has a required rate of return of 10%, what is the NPV of the project?

Norwood, Inc. is considering three different independent investment opportunities. The present value of future cash flows for each are as follows: Project A =$600,000, Project B = $550,000 & Project C = $500,000. The initial investment of each project is as follows: Project A =$320,000, Project B = $300,000 & Project C = $230,000. Use the Profitability index to determine what order should Norwood prioritize investment in the projects?

The discount rate that sets the present value of a project’s cash inflows equal to the present value of the project’s investment is called: NPV, ARR, IRR, payback period

Chris Tellson invested in a project with a payback period of 4 years. The project earns $30,000 cash each year for 8 years. Chris’s required minimum rate of return is 8%. How much did Chris initially invest?

The time value of money is considered in the following capital budgeting method(s)? Profitability Index. NPV, All answers given use the time value of $, IRR

Talk about the reasons the hotel company Marriott is expanding into markets globally. Describe the motivation for Marriott being a multinational company and talk about current economic implications such as costs, benefits, etc. for the United States of America and any host countries.

At least 200 words, please. Please complete as soon as possible. Thanks in advance!

As the project manager for a not-for-profit organization, you were notified that your proposal to improve the safety of the Lafayette Park in Los Angeles was approved. You and your team will receive funding for $50,000. Please prepare a positive letter informing your team members and outline the safety improvements you propose to be implemented.

Prepare this into a Positive Letter.

For each of the following types of businesses, name the processes that correspond to the traditional manufacturing functions of product design, process design, production scheduling, and production control. (processes involved in the following types of business)

a. Personal computer software developer (for example, Microsoft).

b. New car dealership

c. College or university.

d. Amusement park.

Think about industry‐disrupting companies such as Uber (disrupting the taxi industry) and Airbnb (disrupting the hotel industry). Research them if you don’t know much about them. What are the legal and ethical issues facing them? In what ways are they being responsible, irresponsible? How would you evaluate their corporate social responsibility?

The design should consist of two things:
(1) a list of every semaphore, its purpose, and its initial value, and
(2) pseudocode for each function. The pseudocode should be similar to the pseudocode shown in the textbook for the barbershop problem.
Every wait and signal call must be included in the pseudocode.    

Must use Java Threads and Java Semaphores (java.util.concurrent.Semaphore).
You may not use the “synchronized” keyword in Java for mutual exclusion.
You may not use Java data structures that have built-in mutual exclusion.

Please provide corresponding PSEUDOCODE along with JAVA CODE.

Hotel Simulation
A hotel is simulated by using threads and semaphores to model customer and employee behavior.
This project is similar to the “barbershop” example in the textbook. The following rules apply:

The hotel to be simulated has two employees at the front desk to register guests and two bellhops to handle guests’ bags.
A guest will first visit the front desk to get a room number. The front desk employee will find an available room and assign it to the guest.
If the guest has less than 3 bags, the guest proceeds directly to the room. Otherwise, the guest visits the bellhop to drop off the bags.
The guest will later meet the bellhop in the room to get the bags, at which time a tip is given.

Threads:

Guest:
1)   25 guests visit the hotel (1 thread per guest created at start of simulation).
2)   Each guest has a random number of bags (0-5).
3)   A guest must check in to the hotel at the front desk.
4)   Upon check in, a guest gets a room number from the front desk employee.
5)   A guest with more than 2 bags requires a bellhop.
6)   The guest enters the assigned room.
7)   Receives bags from bellhop and gives tip (if more than 2 bags).
8)   Retires for the evening.

Front Desk:
1)   Two employees at the front desk (1 thread each).
2)   Checks in a guest, finds available room, and gives room number to guest.

Bellhop:
1)   Two bellhops (1 thread each).
2)   Gets bags from guest.
3)   The same bellhop that took the bags delivers the bags to the guest after the guest is in the room.
4)   Accepts tip from guest.
 

Other rules:
1)   All mutual exclusion and coordination must be achieved with semaphores.
2)   A thread may not use sleeping as a means of coordination.
3)   Busy waiting (polling) is not allowed.
4)   Mutual exclusion should be kept to a minimum to allow the most concurrency.
5)   Each thread should print when it is created, and main should print when it joins the customer threads.
6)   Each thread should only print its own activities. The guest threads print guest actions and the employee threads print their own actions.
7)   Your output must include the same information, same wording, and the same set of steps as the sample output. Of course, each run can be different depending on the order of thread execution and the random assignments made.

Output

1)   Each step of each task of each thread should be printed to the screen with identifying numbers so it is clear which threads are involved.
2)   Thread output sample for 3 guests. The wording in your output should exactly match the sample.

Simulation starts
Front desk employee 0 created
Front desk employee 1 created
Bellhop 0 created
Bellhop 1 created
Guest 0 created
Guest 1 created
Guest 2 created
Guest 0 enters hotel with 1 bag
Guest 1 enters hotel with 4 bags
Guest 2 enters hotel with 3 bags
Front desk employee 0 registers guest 0 and assigns room 1
Front desk employee 1 registers guest 1 and assigns room 2
Guest 0 receives room key for room 1 from front desk employee 0
Guest 1 receives room key for room 2 from front desk employee 1
Front desk employee 0 registers guest 2 and assigns room 3
Guest 0 enters room 1
Guest 2 receives room key for room 3 from front desk employee 0
Guest 1 requests help with bags
Guest 0 retires for the evening
Guest 0 joined
Guest 2 requests help with bags
Bellhop 1 receives bags from guest 2
Bellhop 0 receives bags from guest 1
Guest 1 enters room 2
Guest 2 enters room 3
Bellhop 0 delivers bags to guest 1
Bellhop 1 delivers bags to guest 2
Guest 1 receives bags from bellhop 0 and gives tip
Guest 2 receives bags from bellhop 1 and gives tip
Guest 2 retires for the evening
Guest 1 retires for the evening
Guest 1 joined
Guest 2 joined
Simulation ends

Use the following information to answer the next four questions: Consider two municipalities, A and B, in the same province. Residents in municipality A enjoy attending outdoor music concerts (a public good) held in their public park. Each resident in municipality A has a marginal benefit curve for these concerts given by MB=10-2Q, where Q is the number of outdoor concerts. There are 100 residents in this municipality. Residents in municipality B do not enjoy outdoor music concerts (they are more into sports activities). Each resident in municipality B therefore receives no marginal benefit for these concerts. There are 400 residents in municipality B. Each municipality has the same constant marginal cost of providing these concerts given by MC=125. Suppose outdoor music concerts are typically financed by municipalities with distortionary taxation and that the marginal cost of public funds is MCF=1.6 (assume with no tax exporting).

44. The efficient number of concerts in municipality A is _______________.

45. The efficient number of concerts in municipality B is _______________.

46. Now suppose the two municipalities amalgamate. As a result assume that each of the two municipalities is required to have the same number of concerts and that the number in each municipality is the average of the number before amalgamation. The total loss in net social welfare resulting from the requirement that the two municipalities provide the same number of concerts is $ ___________________.

47. Suppose that instead of financing their concerts with distortionary taxation each of the municipalities (before their amalgamation) had the option of shifting all their tax burden (of financing their concerts) to other jurisdictions through tax exporting. Under this scenario, the number of concerts provided by municipality A (before its amalgamation) would have been ____________.

Please answer with work!!