What are the implications of the term, 'White America'? How does this notion get challenged by the socio-cultural practices of our time?

what were the principal elements of economic development of the Americas? how were the economies of USA, Canada, and Latin America different?

which quotation from Jefferson's "Notes from on the State of Virginia" best sums up his basic vision for America?

Read these instructions carefully, and then read the text “The Highs and Lows of Vocational
Education” on the next page. Then write an essay of 350-400 words* in response to this essay title:

You must support your ideas with:
- Evidence taken from the ‘The Highs and Lows of Vocational Education” reading text (at
least one item, which must be referenced with an in-text citation)
AND
- Other evidence regarding either Hong Kong OR China (which you may have read and can
reference correctly, or which you have made up and should be referenced with your family
name and the current year, e.g. (Fan, 2019). You are not required to write a reference list.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of studying vocational education, in either Hong

Kong or China, and in another country.

The Highs and Lows of Vocational Education [adapted]

by Matt Barnum (2017)
What’s one education topic that right wing, left wing, and all politicians support? It is vocational
training - something they’ve all said America needs in order to create a balance of practical as well
as academic school leavers. While President Trump praised Germany’s approach to vocational
education recently, he actually plans to reduce funding for it, but, at least in theory, there’s wide
support for helping more students learn career-specific skills.
Yet new international research points to a significant downside of such programs: Students may
benefit early in their careers, but are harmed later in life as the economy changes and they lack the
less specific skills necessary to adapt. The study raises concerns about the positive and negative
effects of expanding vocational training in the United States. “Individuals with general education
initially face worse employment outcomes, but with improved experience as they become older,
they have increased employment opportunities, relative to individuals with vocational education,”
write four researchers in the study.
Many European and developing countries provide extensive vocational training, including
apprenticeships with involvement from industry, the authors note. That stands in contrast with the
U.S., which has reduced or eliminated separate vocational tracks in most high schools. Looking at
11 European countries, the researchers compared students within the same country who went on the
vocational track to similar students who went through a general-education program. The result is
that although vocational students make higher salaries and are more likely to be employed as young
adults, this advantage fades over time; by their late forties, those who went through a general
education program have higher employment rates. Those findings were confirmed with more
detailed data from Germany. “The advantages of vocational training in smoothing entry into the
labor market have to be set against disadvantages later in life,” the study concludes.
At age 10, Germany requires students to choose a vocational high school, academic high school, or
what one article described as “something in between.” Students have frequent opportunities to move
between these choices as they progress with their studies. However, in the U.S., vocation-focused
courses are often just a small part of a student’s course load. As of 2009, the average American
student took 3.6 vocational classes in high school.
The authors of the latest research say the findings don’t imply that vocational education is
necessarily a bad idea, just that it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of
each choice. The results also suggest that policymakers looking only at the short-term impacts of
such programs may not be getting an accurate understanding of their effects. One recent study of
Arkansas’s high-school vocational program, which requires students to take six career-focused
classes in high school in order to graduate and allows them to concentrate in specific areas, found
that participants had higher earnings and employment rates as young adults. Longer-run impacts
were not examined, however.

A legal reserve in life insurance is a result of: a.) Premium taxes payable by life insurance companies being postponed during the early policy years. b.) Dividends being paid to policyowners. c.) Inadequate premiums in the early years being subsidized by investment earnings. d.) Excess premiums in the early policy years being invested at compound interest.

When the IASB issues new standards, the implementation date is usually twelve months from the date of issuance, with early implementation encouraged. Becky Hoger, controller, discusses with her financial vice president the need for early implementation of a standard that would result in fair presentation of the company’s financial condition and earnings. When the financial vice president determines that early implementation of the standard will adversely affect the reported net income for the year, he discourages Hoger from implementing the standard until it is required.
a. What, if any, is the ethical issue involved in this case?
b. Is the financial vice president acting improperly or immorally?

c. What does Hoger have to gain by advocacy of early implementation?

d. Who might be affected by the decision against early implementation?

Nearby is a main() function demonstrating the use of the function earliest_word. Implement this function according to the documentation given. My solution is about 25 lines plus some closing curly braces.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

char *earliest_word(char *fname, int *nwords);

// Opens the file fname and reads words from it

// until the end of file is reached then closes

// the file. If the file to be opened doesn't

// exist, returns NULL and sets nwords to

// -1. Tracks the alphabetic "earliest" word that

// is read in as indicated by strcmp(). Tracks how

// many words in total are read and sets nwords to

// that value. Allocates a block of memory and

// copies the earliest word found into the block

// using strcpy(). Returns a pointer to the

// freshly allocated block.

//

// ASSUMPTIONS: Words are no longer than 127

// characters so will fit in an array of size

// 128. Files have at least one word in them.

int main(){

int count; char *file; char *early;

file = "vegetables.txt";

// pumpkin carrot beet squash cucumber

early = earliest_word(file, &count);

printf("%s: %d words, %s earliest\n",

   file,count,early);

// vegetables.txt: 5 words, beet earliest

free(early);

file = "fruits.txt";

// banana peach orange apple pineapple strawberry

early = earliest_word(file, &count);

printf("%s: %d words, %s earliest\n",

   file,count,early);

// fruits.txt: 6 words, apple earliest

free(early);

file = "not-there.txt";

early = earliest_word(file, &count);

if(early==NULL){

printf("%s not found\n",file);

// not-there.txt not found

}

return 0;

}

C programming

Developmental psychologists investigated the effect of high levels of curiosity in early childhood, on intelligence later in life. The local population of 3-year-olds was screened via a test battery assessing curiosity. Twelve of the 3-year-olds scoring in the upper 90% of this variable were given an IQ test at age 3 and again at age 15.

Answer the questions below using α =0.05_2tail.

1. What is the alternative hypothesis?                               ["High levels of curiosity in early childhood effects intelligence later in life", "High levels of curiosity in early childhood does not effect intelligence later in life", "High levels of curiosity in early childhood increases intelligence later in life", "High levels of curiosity in early childhood decreases intelligence later in life"]      

2. What is the null hypothesis?                               ["High levels of curiosity in early childhood effects intelligence later in life", "High levels of curiosity in early childhood does not effect intelligence later in life", "High levels of curiosity in early childhood increases intelligence later in life", "High levels of curiosity in early childhood decreases intelligence later in life"]      

3. What inferential test is being conducted?                               ["single sample z test", "single sample t test", "independent group t test", "paired group t test"]      

4. What is the obtained statistic?                               ["7.309", "-5.75", "2.89", "5.75"]      

5. What is the critical value?                               ["2.201", "1.796", "2.064", "1.711"]      

6. What is your decision?                               ["reject the null hypothesis", "retain the null hypothesis", "reject the alternative hypothesis", "accept the null hypothesis", "accept the alternative hypothesis"]      

7. What is your conclusion?                               ["We conclude that high levels of curiosity in early childhood effects intelligence later in life", "We conclude that high levels of curiosity in early childhood does not effect intelligence later in life", "We conclude that high levels of curiosity in early childhood improves intelligence later in life", "We conclude that high levels of curiosity in early childhood decreases intelligence later in life"]      

8. What is your effect size?                               ["large", "medium", "small", "Not applicable as we failed to reject the null hypothesis"]      

9. What error might you be making?

Q. 1 (Max. Marks:30) John Smith, a college student, plans to sell CD players over the internet & by mail order during the semester to help pay his expenses. He buys the players for $29 & sells them for $50. If payment by cheque accompanies the mail order (estimated to be 40% of sales), he gives 10% discount. If customers include a credit card number for either internet or mail order (estimated 30% of sales), they receive 5% discount. The remaining collections are estimated as follows: One month following 15% Two months following 8% Three months following 5% Uncollectable 2% Sales forecast are as follows: September 150 units October 250 units November 350 units December 450 units January Business terminated John plans to pay his supplier 60% in the month of purchase, and 40% in the following month. A 5% discount is granted on payments made in the month in the month of purchase. However, John will not be able to take any discounts on the September purchases because of cashflow constraints. All September purchases will be paid for in October. John has 50 players on hand (purchased in August and to be paid in September), and plans to maintain enough end-of-month inventory to meet 60% of the next month's sales. John also wished to maintain a closing cash balance of $1,500 in the bank once the business commences in September. The current interest rate on short term loans is 3.5% pa. 3 Required: Prepare schedules for monthly budgeted cash receipts & cash disbursements & the cash budget . During which month will John need to organise a short- term loan & for how much?