A high school principal gathers a sample of the academic records of past and present high school scholarship basketball players at the high school. The principal reports that no significant difference was found in the mean GPA (grade point average) for male and female scholarship basketball players (P = 0.287). This means that

Question 1 options:

- the maximum difference in GPAs between male and female scholarship basketball player is 0.287.

- the GPAs for male and female scholarship basketball players are identical, except for 28.7% of the players.

- the chance that a pair of randomly chosen male and female scholarship basketball player would have a significant difference in GPAs is 0.287.

- the chance of obtaining a difference in GPAs between male and female scholarship basketball players as large as that observed in the sample if there is no difference in mean GPAs is 0.287.

1. Provide an appropriate response.
   
   A district administrator wants to determine the effect of truancy on academic achievement. She asks the dean at a high school to randomly select the records of 50 truant students and to randomly select the records of 50 nontruant students. Identify any problems that are likely to cause confounding.

   		the use of records from only one school
   		nothing (this is a well-designed retrospective study)
   		the use of one person to select the records for members of both groups
   		the number of records in each group (since, presumably, there are more nontruant students, there should be more members selected from that group)

2 points

Question 40

1. Identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, stratified, systematic, cluster, convenience.
   
   To avoid working late, a quality control analyst simply inspects the first 100 items produced in a day.

   		Random
   		Convenience
   		Cluster
   		Stratified
   		Systematic

2 points

Question 41

1. Construct the requested table. Round relative frequencies to the nearest hundredth of a percent, unless otherwise indicated.
   
   The following data show the body temperatures (°F) of randomly selected subjects. Construct a relative frequency table with seven classes: 96.9 - 97.2, 97.3 - 97.6, 97.7 - 98.0, and so on.
   
   Round relative frequencies to the nearest tenth of a percent.

2 points

Question 42

1. Construct the requested table.
   
   The following data represent the total number of years of formal education for 40 employees of a bank.
   
   
   
   Create a frequency table for the number of years of education.

2 points

Question 43

1. Determine whether the evaluated group is a population or a sample.
   
   A researcher determines that 42.7% of all downtown office buildings have ventilation problems.

   		Population
   		Sample

2 points

Question 44

1. Determine whether the evaluated group is a population or a sample.
   
   A researcher examines the records of all the registered voters in one city and finds that 43% are registered Democrats.

   		Sample
   		Population

2 points

Question 45

1. Provide a written description of the complement of the given event.
   
   Of ten adults, at least one of them has high blood pressure.

   		None of the adults have high blood pressure.
   		At most one of the adults has high blood pressure.
   		All of the adults have high blood pressure.
   		Nine of the adults have high blood pressure.

2 points

Question 46

1. Provide a written description of the complement of the given event.
   
   When several textbooks are edited, none of them are found to be free of errors.

   		All of the textbooks are free of errors.
   		One of the textbooks is free of errors.
   		At least one of the textbooks is free of errors.
   		At most one of the textbooks is free of errors.

2 points

Question 47

1. Find the variance for the given data. Round your answer to one more decimal place than the original data. To get the best deal on a microwave oven, Jeremy called six appliance stores and asked the cost of a specific model. The prices he was quoted are listed below:
   

   $663

   $273

   $410

   $622

   $174

   $374

   		36,838.3 dollars2
   		1,207,582.7 dollars2
   		30,698.6 dollars2
   		36,838.2 dollars2

2 points

Question 48

1. Find the standard deviation for the given data. Round your answer to one more decimal place than the original data.
   
   The numbers listed below represent the amount of precipitation (in inches) last year in six different U.S. cities.

   17.2​

   16.6​

   30.8​

   28.6​

   20.3​

   18.4

   		6.15 in.
   		3088.7 in.
   		2899.6 in.
   		29.7 in.

2 points

Question 49

1. Determine if the outcome is unusual. Consider as unusual any result that differs from the mean by more than 2 standard deviations. That is, unusual values are either less than μ - 2σ or greater than μ + 2σ.
   
   A survey for brand recognition is done and it is determined that 68% of consumers have heard of Dull Computer Company. A survey of 800 randomly selected consumers is to be conducted. For such groups of 800, would it be unusual to get 504 consumers who recognize the Dull Computer Company name?

   		Yes
   		No

2 points

Question 50

1. Find the standard deviation, σ, for the binomial distribution which has the stated values of n and p. Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
   
   n = 1617; p = 0.57

   		σ = 17.50
   		σ = 24.03
   		σ = 23.18
   		σ = 19.91

study of the effect of college student employment on academic performance, the following summary statistics for GPA were reported for a sample of students who worked and for a sample of students who did not work. The samples were selected at random from working and nonworking students at a university. (Use a statistical computer package to calculate the P-value. Use μ_employed − μ_{not employed}. Round your test statistic to two decimal places, your df down to the nearest whole number, and your P-value to three decimal places.)

t= df= P=
Does this information support the hypothesis that for students at this university, those who are not employed have a higher mean GPA than those who are employed? Use a significance level of 0.05.

3) An academic advisor at a university was studying student class attendance and would like to know if class attendance depends on school. a) State the Hypothesis to show class attendance depends on school. b) Choose a level of significance Use a = 0.05 for this problem. c) To test the hypothesis, the advisor obtained attendance records for 23 students (6 from engineering, 9 from business, and 8 from arts and sciences) for the fall term. The advisor determines the total number of lectures missed by each student. The data appear in the Absence worksheet in the HW4 data workbook on Moodle. d) Draw a conclusion and report that in the context of the problem. e) Use Fisher’s LSD Test with a= 0.05 to determine which schools’ students have significantly differently absence rates.

data:

To get published in an academic journal, you have to prove something "interesting." As a result, most academics begin their research by investigating hypotheses that, all else equal, are unlikely to be true. Suppose each research project begins with a research claim that has a 10% chance of being correct.

They then perform a study that satisfies the following two properties:

1) The probability that they correctly *find* an important result given that their *claim* is true is 50%
2) The probability that they incorrectly *find* an important result given that their *claim* is false is 5%

If they find an important result they are published. What is the probability that their claim was true, given that they were published?

College tuition:

The mean annual tuition and fees in the 2013 - 2014 academic year for a sample of 15 private colleges in California was 32,500 with a standard deviation of $7250. A dotplot shows that it is reasonable to assume that the population that the population is approximately normal. Can you conclude that the mean tuition and fees for private institutions in California is less than 35,000? Use a = 0.05 level of significance and the critical value method.

The hypothesis is a ... test.

This question does not need to coding language, just academic writing.

For each of the following problem statement, propose an appropriate research approach to answer the questions.

1) Mixed methods research is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in the same research inquiry. Such work can help develop rich insights into various phenomena of interest that cannot be fully understood using only a quantitative or a qualitative method. Notwithstanding the benefits and repeated calls for such work, there is a dearth of mixed methods research in information systems.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• How can we compare the quantitative and qualitative research methods?
• What kind of insights will be provided by quantitative research methods?How would they be helpful?
• What kind of insights will be provided by qualitative research methods?How would they be helpful?
• Will it be advantageous to use mixed methods research in information systems?

2) Non-relational databases (often termed as NoSQL) have recently emerged and have generated both interest and criticism. Interest because they address requirements that are very important in large-scale applications, criticism because of the comparison with well-known relational achievements. One of the major problems often mentioned is the heterogeneity of the languages and of the interfaces they offer to developers and users. Different platforms and languages have been proposed, and applications developed for one system require significant effort to be migrated to another one.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What kind of interests are promised by Non-relational databases?
• What kind of criticism is achieved by Non-relational databases?
• What are the large-scale applications of Non-relational databases?
• What are the major problems for implementation of Non-relational databases?
• How much effort will be required for migration & what will be the cost associated with it?

3)Performance measurement and analysis is crucial for steering the organization to realize its strategic and operational goals. Relevant performance indicators and their relationships to goals and activities need to be determined and analyzed. Current organization modeling approaches do not reflect this in an adequate way.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What performance measurements are required to realize strategic and operational goals of an organization?
• How do we analyze performance of an organization?
• How to identify relevant performance indicators and their relationships to goals and activities?
• How do we analyze the performance indicators?
• How can the current organization modeling approaches be compared?

4) Because digital games are fun, engaging, and popular, organizations are attempting to integrate them within organizational activities as serious components, with the anticipation that they can improve employees’ motivation and performance. But in order to do so and to obtain the intended outcomes, it is necessary to first obtain an understanding of how different digital game designs impact players’ behaviors and emotional responses.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What are the advantages of integrating digital games within organizational activities?
• What are the disadvantages of integrating digital games within organizational activities?
• How will the employees’ motivation and performance be measured?
• What could be the possible outcomes of integrating digital games within organizational activities?
• To what extent will the employees’ motivation and performance be improved?
• What is the impact of the game design on players’ behaviors and emotional responses?

5) Deep web or hidden web refers to the hidden part of the Web (usually residing in structured databases) that remains unavailable for standard Web crawlers. Obtaining content of the deep web is challenging and has been acknowledged as a significant gap in the coverage of search engines.

Research questions for the above problem statement are:

• What are the disadvantages of standard Web crawlers?
• To what extent the deep web remains unavailable for standard Web crawlers?
• What are the challenges in obtaining content of the deep web?
• What type of content can be obtained from the deep web?
• What type of content cannot be obtained from the deep web?why?

Scenario: Six months into an academic development project, the client reviews the progress and issues a stop-work order. The main issues identified during their review were: 1. There were different expectations about the complexity of graphics in course development and course materials. 2. There were different opinions about the level of marketing required (marketing a course versus marketing the whole academy, no post-course promotions, etc.) 3. There were issues with instructors. These were instances where instructors had rescheduled on multiple occasions or cancelled. 4. There were concerns about the subject matter experts. Subject matter experts had been hired outside of the budgeted amount. 5. There were concerns about the subject matter experts not providing the level of technical writing expertise required, which resulted in having to hire additional technical writers. MRG HPI addressed some of these concerns by removing the videotaping requirement during the analysis phase and removing the repeat courses that were going to be offered during the final contract year. By eliminating videotaping and repeat courses, the remaining courses to be developed and presented were stretched over the rest of the contract of 2.5 years. This mean that instead of developing and offering the 15 courses using two teams in a staggered fashion over two years, MRG HPI must reduce staff. Currently, there are three senior instructional designers, six graphic artists, three document specialists, six technical writers, three subject matter experts, and two editors assigned to the teams. MRG HPI has subject matter experts as consultants under contract. They don’t want to lose their staff, but they may have no choice but to let some go.

Questions: 1. What re the challenges faced by the Human Resource department in this scenario?

2. What can be done to retain the employees?

3. What communication strategy should be adopted to implement employee retention strategies?

10. In a study conducted to determine whether the role that sleep disorders play in academic performance, researcher conducted a survey of 1800 college students to determine if they had a sleep disorder. Of the 500 students with a sleep disorder, the mean GPA was 2.51 with a standard deviation of 0.85. Of the 1300 students without a sleep disorder, the mean GPA is 2.85 with a standard deviation of 0.78. Test the claim that sleep disorder adversely affects one’s GPA at the 0.05 level of significance?

11. In one experiment, the participant must press a key on seeming a blue screen and reaction time (in seconds) to press the key is measured. The same person is then asked to press a key on seeing a red screen, again with reaction time measured. The results for six randomly sampled study participants are as follows:

Participant

1

2

3

4

5

6

Blue

0.582

0.481

0.841

0.267

0.685

0.450

Red

0.408

0.407

0.542

0.402

0.456

0.522

Construct a 99% confidence interval about the population mean difference. Assume the differences are approximately normally distributed.

discuss the academic applications of memory models and try to apply the principles to yourself.
Using Baddeley’s working memory model, give an example of two tasks that could successfully be performed simultaneously (For example, can you listen to music while studying at the same time?). Discuss two other tasks that probably would interfere with each other. Make sure to discuss your answers in terms of the visuospatial scratchpad, the phonological loop, and the central executive.