In our lecture on Planning Ahead: Sampling variability, you were introduced to a set of five (5) questions that can be used to help decide upon a relevant statistical inference procedure.

1. Identify each of the five (5) questions and answer each question based on the scenario described above.
2. Based on your answers to part a, identify which of the inference procedures covered in class is most appropriate to analyse the researcher’s data?
3. Assume the researchers for the above scenario have obtained relevant simple random sample(s). Identify (by name) the sampling distribution that underlies the statistical inference procedure named in part b. Then, give the formulae for the mean and standard deviation for the sampling distribution you have identified.

my answer to a is:

1. The first question is “what is your analysis goal?”. The analysis goal based on the scenario above is to determine if student employment has an influence on their academic success. The second question is “how many ‘samples’ or groups are you comparing?”. Based on the scenario above, the researcher is comparing a single sample of university students and each student in the sample is surveyed. The third question is “are you ‘samples’ independent or paired?”. In this scenario, the sample is independent as the data is obtained from each student each case is unrelated to the other. The fourth question is “what type of data are you collecting? Quantitative or categorical?”. Based on the scenario above, the data being collected quantitative. Both the employment status and their course grades produce a numerical value to describe the dat The last question is “what parameters are of interest?”. In the above scenario, the parameters of interest are the hours worked per week and the mean of the student’s course grades.

Julie is going to establish a University Fund for her daughter Jade, who has just been born. She plans to make the first deposit of $5,000 on Jade’s fourth birthday and make another 8 annual deposits of this amount. After this, annual deposits of $10,000 will be made until Jade’s 18^th birthday. Given the long term nature of the investment, Julie anticipates an 8% pa return. The money is the transferred to an account for Jade and she will then withdraw the money in equal annual amounts for 6 years starting on her 18^th birthday. Jade will only be able to earn 5% pa on her money.

(i) How much will be available on Jade’s 18^th birthday?

(ii) Create a schedule showing the cash inflows and outflows of this fund. How much will Jade be able to spend each year?

Brian Johnson is a 21-year-old college senior who comes to the university counseling center for an evaluation. Brian was referred by his resident advisor, who saw him intoxicated seven times in the past month. Brian has missed multiple classes because he was hungover from drinking the night before and he recently got a ticket for public drunkenness.

In your initial post, answer two of the following questions from your perspective as Brian’s psychiatric nurse practitioner:

1. Identify one screening tool you could use to determine if Brian has a problem with drinking. Why is this tool appropriate to use in this situation?
2. How would motivational interviewing be helpful for Brian? Provide evidence to support your decision.
3. Identify one resource in your community where a patient could get treatment for substance abuse. Include a link to this resource.
4. What function is served by asking Brian, “How important is it to change your behavior on a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being very important?”
5. Give an example of a simple and a complex reflection you would use with Brian.

James Shellton is an experienced musician who operates the University Music Center at UW-Stout. On Saturday, Barbara Farkas and her 22-year-old daughter, Penny, went to Mr. Shellton's store to look at violins. Penny has been studying violin in college for approximately 9 months. Mrs. Farkas and Penny advised Mr. Shellton of the price range of which they were interested, and Penny told him she was relying on his expertise. He selected a violin for $368.09, including case and sales tax. Mr. Shellton claimed that the instrument was originally priced at $465 but that he discounted it because Mrs. Farkas was willing to take it on an "as is" basis. Mrs. Farkas and Penny alleged that Mr. Shellton represented that the violin was "the best" and a "perfect violin for you" and that it was of high quality. Mrs. Farkas paid for it by check. On the following, Monday, Penny took the violin to her college music teacher who immediately told her that it had poor tone and a crack in the body and that it was not the right instrument for her. Mrs. Farkas telephoned Mr. Shellton and asked for a refund. He refused, saying that she had purchased and accepted the violin on an "as is" basis. Had Mrs. Farkas "accepted" the violin so that it was too late for her to reject it? Argue for James Shelton

Riehl (1994) examined whether Indiana University students who were the first generation in their family to attend college were more at risk of dropping out during their first semester than other students. The table below shows the observed frequencies:

a. Using Excel, conduct a Chi-square test of independence on these data.

b. Report the results in a textbox. Be sure to provide both a statistical and research conclusion.

The university finance department wants to know if the average age of students at their university is greater than the average for other universities. A random sample of student records is taken from the own university (population 1) and a random selection of student ages from other three universities are taken (population 2). A significance level of 0.05 is chosen.

The null and alternative hypotheses are:

?0:

??:

The samples are selected, and the results are:

?1 = 28,7 ?????   ?1 = 5.1 ?????   ?1 = 125

?2 = 24,9 ?????   ?2 = 3.5 ?????   ?2 = 250

The following information applies to Zachary, who is single, for 2020:

Zachary maintains a household for his uncle, who lives in another state. His uncle earned $23,000.

Click here to access the standard deduction table to use.

Indicate whether the following items are taxable or nontaxable to Zachary.

Identify whether the items are deductible (fully or partially) by Zachary.

Zachary's taxable income in 2020 is $.

Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and Services Company based in Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1985, Kenneth Lay was the founder of the company, first founded in Omaha Nebraska and then it moved to Houston Texas .Before its bankruptcy on December 2, 2001, Enron employed approximately 20,000 staff and was one of the world's major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper companies, with claimed revenues of nearly $101 billion during 2000.

Enron’s line of business:

Enron was originally involved in transmitting and distributing electricity and natural gas throughout the United States. The company developed, built and operated power plants and pipeline. Enron owned large network of natural gas pipeline, which stretched ocean to ocean and border to border. Enron traded in more than 30 different products, including the following: Petrochemicals, Plastics, Power, Pulp and paper, Steel, Weather Risk Management, Oil and LNG transportation, Broadband, Principal Investments, Risk management for commodities, Shipping / freight, Water and wastewater. It was also an extensive futures trader, including sugar, coffee, grains, hogs, and other meat futures.

Review of Enron’s Rise and fall:

Throughout the late 1990s, Enron was considered one of the most innovative companies in the world. The company continued to build power plants and operate gas lines, but it became better known for its unique trading businesses. Besides buying and selling gas and electricity. it created whole new markets for such oddball "commodities" as broadcast time for advertisers, weather futures, and Internet bandwidth. Before it bankrupted in late 2001, its annual revenues rose from about $9 billion in 1995 to over $100 billion in 2000.

At the end of 2001 it was revealed that its reported financial condition was sustained substantially by institutionalized, systematic, and creatively planned accounting fraud. The Enron scandal was the biggest bankruptcy in United States history which cost 4,000 employees their jobs. On December 2, 2001 Enron filed for bankruptcy. It was an event that will always be remembered as one of the most disastrous events in the financial world.

The reasons for collapse of Enron company:

There are some reasons that lead to the collapse of Enron:

•Cheating and manipulation by the board of directors to achieve their personal interests at the expense of the interest of the company.

•That the board of director has delegated the task of reviewing the company’s transactions to a sub-committee within the company. The committee has only conducted a quick review of these transactions. The board of directors has concealed very important information whose knowledge may have led to some appropriate action.

•The company’s management inflated the company’s profit to about $ 1 billion by raising the profit by 586 million and hiding debit of $ 2.6 billion in the year before the company’s collapse.

•The loss of the members of the audit committee is independent and neutral because of the enormous they charge from the administration and may reach up to $380000 per year per member.

With the fall of Enron, the financial auditor ARTHER ANDERSON fell for his role in this process, culminating in the company’s disposal of most of the city document. But Enron’s scandal has prompted the US government to amend a number of market laws, most notably issuing legislation allowing employee to sell their shares three years after they own them, and more importantly, the Sarbanes-Oxley act, which explicitly tightens penalties for such crimes. The CEO and CFO are fully responsible for any manipulation of the financial statement. In September 2008, Enron shareholders won the lawsuit against the company and received $7.2 billion damages, the biggest settlement in the history of fraud involving listed company.

Questions:

a.Explain how the dramatic collapse of Enron has severely shaken the U.S. Capital markets in

2001.                                                                                                                                                

b.Suggest the measures that could be taken to restore the credibility of the accounting profession and investor confidence in the financial reporting process.                

Question 2

Describe the Financial Reporting practices followed in Oman quoting some practical instances. Also highlight the principles that govern the financial practices in Oman and the Organizations that form regulatory frame work in Oman.                                              

Business Week conducted a survey of graduates from 30 top MBA programs (Business Week, September 22, 2003). The survey found that the average annual salary for male and female graduates 10 years after graduation was $168,000 and $117,000, respectively. Assume the population standard deviation for the male graduates is $40,000, and for the female graduates it is $25,000.

When calculating values for z, round to two decimal places.

1. What is the probability that a simple random sample of 40 male graduates will provide a sample mean within $10,000 of the population mean, $168,000 (to 4 decimals)?
   
   
2. What is the probability that a simple random sample of 40 female graduates will provide a sample mean within $10,000 of the population mean, $117,000 (to 4 decimals)?
   
   
3. In which of the preceding two cases, part (a) or part (b), do we have a higher probability of obtaining a sample estimate within $10,000 of the population mean?
   - Select your answer -Part (a) because the population mean for males is higherPart (a) because the population standard deviation for males is higherPart (b) because the population mean for females is lowerPart (b) because the population standard deviation for females is lowerItem 3
   
4. What is the probability that a simple random sample of 100 male graduates will provide a sample mean more than $4,000 below the population mean (to 4 decimals)?