5. Read the following case and answer the questions given below:
SAFTA: So close, yet so far
The Tenth South Asia Economic Summit which was concluded in Kathmandu in
November 2017 had underscored deepening economic integration in the region. It is free
trade that drives the process of economic integration. It took more than two decades for
South Asian countries to reach the initial phase of a free trade area (FTA). The regional
FTA which took-off in the mid-1990s under the preliminary preferential trading system
(PTA) was transformed into the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) in 2004.
Although this transformation is a breakthrough for economic integration in the region,
progress has been slow due to two major reasons. While there is a lack of regional trade
connectivity among these countries, the South Asian counties are still under a restrictive
trade regime as reflected by relatively higher average tariffs among these countries.
As a result, South Asian intra-regional trade has grown from 3% when SAFTA
commenced to barely 6% of their total trade currently. Countries have failed to diversify
trade with other partners in the region except in the case of India, indicating an
extremely slow advancement in intra-regional trade compared to the progress made by
ASEAN – the South East Asian integration - which experienced a doubling of
intraregional trade between 1993 and 2003.
While the protective tariff regime has been an impediment to overall regional trading
system so far, intra-regional trade has also been hampered by the unrelenting non-tariff
barriers (NTBs) and the sensitive lists imposed upon partners within the region. The
solution to the persistent NTBs will be determined by devotion to harmonizing rules
relating to customs, standards, and environment. But, more importantly, there is no
possibility of a substantial growth in intra-regional trade without an earnest effort fromall countries to reduce the products in the sensitive list as it discourages trade
complementarily and intra-industry trade or trading of differentiated products.

The countries in South Asia can aim for a customs union which could be the next phase of
economic integration. Under this system, there will be a uniform tariff regime for trading
with countries beyond their alliance, in addition to free trade amongst themselves. On the
one hand, it will promote unrestricted trade among countries in the region. On the other
hand, it will protect the coalition from external competition through a uniform tariff
regime. Subsequently, the consolidated FTA and customs union should create the next
phase of economic integration or the system of common market and ultimately to the
economic union. The existing economic linkages between India and Nepal which reflects
a common market can be exemplary for shaping the idea within the region.
Review questions:
i. List and explain in brief the major impediments to the regional trade integration
among South Asian economies?
ii. Explain precisely, your suggestions to improve the intra-regional trade in South asia.

The International League of Triple-A minor league baseball consists of 14 teams organized into three divisions: North, South, and West. Suppose the following data show the average attendance for the 14 teams in the International League. Also shown are the teams' records; W denotes the number of games won, L denotes the number of games lost, and PCT is the proportion of games played that were won.

(a)

Use α = 0.05 to test for any difference in the mean attendance for the three divisions.

State the null and alternative hypotheses.

H₀: μ_N = μ_S = μ_W
H_a: Not all the population means are equal.

Find the value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

Find the p-value. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion.

Reject H₀. There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.

Do not reject H₀. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.    

Reject H₀. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.

Do not reject H₀. There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.

(b)

Use Fisher's LSD procedure to determine where the differences occur. Use α = 0.05.

Find the value of LSD for each pair of divisions. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

North and South LSD = North and West LSD = South and West LSD =

Find the pairwise absolute difference between sample attendance means for each pair of divisions. (Round your answers to the nearest integer.)

|x_N − x_{S| =}

|x_N − x_{W| =}

|x_S − x_{W| =}

Which attendance means differ significantly? (Select all that apply.)

There is a significant difference in mean attendance between the North division and the South division. There is a significant difference in mean attendance between the North division and the West division. There is a significant difference in mean attendance between the South division and the West division. There are no significant differences

Write a paragraph (4 - 6 sentences) that summarizes the information that you have learned about Television.  This summary should be in your own words, do not directly quote the source.

Write a thesis statement based on the information written in your summary.  Be sure to create a thesis statement that is clear, specific, and thought-provoking. Create a thesis statement that argues a controversial position.

READ THIS ARTICLE:

Television is one of the most significant communications inventions. Television has fundamentally changed the political process, our use of leisure, as well as social relations among family and friends. Television was not developed by any single individual or even a group of people working together. Scientists and visionaries imagined a device that would capture images with sound and transmit them into homes since the 1880s. The word television was first used at the 1900 Exhibition in Paris. Scottish inventor John Logie Baird (1888–1946) was the first person to provide a television transmission in October 1925, and he subsequently demonstrated it to the British public on January 26, 1926. On December 25, 1926, Kenjiro Takayanagi (1899–1990) displayed the first image in Japan. The technology improved slowly with athletes participating in the 1936 Olympic games in Berlin able to see some poor quality images of the games. In 1936 France and Page 319 | Top of Article Germany began television programming. In Great Britain King George VI’s coronation from Hyde Park Corner on May 12, 1937, was the first broadcast of its kind, and the first U.S. election reported on television was on November 8, 1941, where news of Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s victory was transmitted to an estimated 7,500 sets. The development of television was halted during the Second World War in Europe and North America where manufacturers directed their attentions to munitions. Regular television service reached ninety-six countries by 1973. Many of the things we associate with modern television technology were patented or devised in television’s infancy. In 1928 Vladimir Zworyking (1889–1982) owned the first U.S. patent for an all-electronic color television; however, the development did not come to fruition for another twenty-five years. During the 1939 World’s Fair in New York, television could not only receive audio and video images, but it was also designed to record those images, foreshadowing video recording devices (VCRs). And Baird later patented a 600-line electronic high definition color system in Britain in 1945. TELEVISION’S GOLDEN AGE The golden age of television is associated with the years 1949 to 1960 when American television viewing consisted of a variety of entertainment programming. The burgeoning prosperity and optimism of post-World War II influenced the spread of television. As more people were able to purchase televisions the demand for content grew. Early television programs offered revamped radio programs. There was some news and information programming, but those tended to be of short duration. A similar golden age is associated with British television. Early programs were reworked vaudeville acts and radio shows. Later situational comedies such as I Love Lucy and The Honeymooners would create new talent and genres. The shared experience of watching key television programming provided an avenue for discussion and next-day water cooler conversation. As television matured so did the content, with programs such as All in the Family offering political and social commentary on issues ranging from race relations to the Vietnam War. Television’s depiction of the family changed through time as well. While initial programming presented unified traditional families with bread-winning fathers and stay-at-home mothers, later programs depicted the breakdown of the traditional family dealing in both fiction and nonfiction with divorce, remarriage, blended families, and later, with same-sex unions. Not only did television provide scripted programming, but it also broadcasted major sporting events. The first televised hockey game between the Montreal Canadiens losing six-to-two to the New York Rangers in Madison Square Gardens was seen on February 25, 1940. Television is also closely associated with the increasing popularity of the Olympic games, soccer, American football, and baseball. With technological improvements, viewing time increased as well as television’s influence on the public and politics. In 1947 there were only 60,000 American homes with television sets; by 1950 this figure grew to 12.5 million. Televisions are now found in nearly every home in the United States and Europe. In the developing world, the allure of television is so great that some want television before other communications devices such as telephones. The hold of major networks on audiences soon dissipated with the advent of cable and specialty television programming. Rather than having a system where the networks catered to a common denominator of programming, the proliferation of specialty programs allowed people to view content that interested them specifically. Moving from analog to digital signals allowed for a so-called 500-channel universe where any specific interest could be satisfied, from golf to cooking; from sport to fashion; and from all news to pornography. As a result of these technological changes, the era of the mass audience was over. While there remain a few programs that can attain mass audiences, the market has been so fragmented that networks must compete for an ever-shrinking television audience. EFFECTS ON CHILDREN The rapid adoption of television fundamentally changed modern society. Television has been blamed for the decline in civil society, the breakdown of the family, suicide, mass murder, childhood obesity, and the trivializing of politics. Children have been the target of broadcasters since the 1950s. Initially American broadcasters provided twenty-seven hours a week of children’s television programming. By the 1990s there was twenty-four hour a day programming available to children. Children in Canada spend fourteen hours per week (Statistics Canada) watching television, while American children spend twenty-one hours per week (Roberts et al. 2005, p. 34). Some surveys suggest that British children have the highest rate of television viewing in the world. There are several concerns associated with television and children’s viewing patterns. Many researchers have noted the link between the advent of television and increasing obesity and other weight-related illnesses. The time spent watching television is time not spent playing outdoors or in other physically challenging activities. High television viewership of violence is linked to an increase in violent children. Prolonged exposure to violent Page 320 | Top of Article television programming has shown that children can become more aggressive, become desensitized to violence, become accepting of violence as a means to solve problems, imitate violence viewed on television, and identify with either victims or victimizers. Despite the negatives associated with television, it remains a powerful tool in shaping and educating children. While many point to the destructive nature of television, there are others who acknowledge television’s positive impact. Researchers and programmers have developed content that has positively influenced children. Early studies on the PBS program Sesame Street found that children who viewed the program were better readers in grade one than students who had not watched the program. Programs were developed not only to help with literacy, but with other subjects as well as socialization, problem solving, and civic culture. Notwithstanding the positive effects of children and television viewing, high television viewing has been associated with a decline in civic culture. As people have retreated to their homes to watch television, they have been less inclined to participate in politics either by voting or by joining political parties. In addition television viewing means that people are not interacting as much with friends or neighbors. What is more, television viewing also has been associated with an overall decline in group participation as well as volunteerism. ADVERTISING AND OWNERSHIP The issue of ownership of content and transmission was debated from television’s onset. In 1927 the U.S. Radio Act declared public ownership of the airways. They argued that the airwaves should “serve the PICN—public interest, convenience, and necessity.” Because of this understanding of the public owning the airwaves, it set the stage for regulatory bodies around the world licensing stations according to content regulations. Taking the issue of public interest one step further, the British government founded the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in 1927. Other countries followed establishing their own public broadcasting systems. The United States lagged behind other nations by adopting a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in 1968. With the increasing adoption of television, many countries found the need to create new regulatory agencies. In the United States, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was created as an act of Congress on June 19, 1934. The most successful television enterprises are closely associated with advertising. From the outset the way in which television content was funded was through the pursuit of advertising dollars. As a result it has often been said that television does not bring content to audiences, but instead it brings audiences to advertisers. The propaganda model of the media, coined by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky in their 1988 publication Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media, argues that the media uphold the dominant ideology in America. The five pillars of the model focus on ownership, advertising, sourcing, flak, and anticommunism. This model has been linked to other western media systems, but is most fitting in the United States where the power of the media rests with the owners. Television’s hold on the public imagination stems in part because of its ease of transmission. No one needs any special skill to receive the messages. All that is required is a television that can pick up a signal. More important, television influences our view of the world precisely because images are transmitted into people’s homes. Since its inception, television transmissions have had the power to change our perceptions of world events. Starting with the Vietnam War and continuing to a myriad of events from the arms race to Tiananmen Square, and from the Civil Rights movement to the war in Iraq, television has become synonymous with the phrase “the whole world is watching.”

Pick a job or discipline below or one that you would like to have in the future:

Go to Monster.com for job openings and pick a job title and locations (i.e. Costa Mesa), then click on a job that you might be interested in.

What are the job responsibilities (Job description)?

What is the job qualifications (Job specifications)?

Copy and paste your findings below.

Go to Glassdoor.com look for a similar job title, and pick a company. You will need to create an account.

Click on “Company Review”

Click on type a name of a company you are interested in

Click on the company name

Click on “Interview”

Copy and paste one comment or interview question that is listed

Go to Salary.com look for a similar job title

Click on Salary

Purpose:

• Familiarize and explore these three career websites, especially the last two.
• Research for possible careers
• Research for interviewing

From Monster.com

Name of Company: (type here with company name)

Job Title: (type here with job title)

Job Description:

(Use “keep text only” when pasting here)

Job Specification

(Use “keep text only” when pasting here)

From Glassdoor.com

Name of Company: (type here with company name)

Job Title: (type here with job title)

Comment or Question in Interview section

(Use “keep text only” when pasting here)

From Salary.com

Name of Company: (type here with company name)

Job Title: (type here with job title)

Type the medium salary (top of the curve)

(Type here)

List of possible jobs or discipline

Pick a company then the jobs that might be open

A recent Wall Street Journal article indicated that 37% of American teenagers use Pandora's online radio service. Suppose a sample of 25 American teenagers is selected. Based on this information, generate a cumulative binomial probability distribution in the given space. Round to four decimals for the answer.

We spent a lot of time in class discussing Return on Assets (ROA) and in particular the DuPont method.   This is of course a key measure used externally to compare companies and their relative performance and internally to measure management on their effective use of assets.

However it is not a perfect measure.   Different companies have different strategies.   Let’s use the Jewelry business as a first example.   First consider Tiffany. They are very exclusive and expensive and I would guess that on average they have a higher quality of diamonds than say Kay. On the other hand, Kay while having a range of diamonds, does sell some high quality as well and ultimately let’s face it, at some point a diamond is, well just a diamond.  At least I think?

But they have very different strategies. Tiffany sells at a very high profit margin, but is willing to have much lower volumes and turnover of their assets which for a Jeweler is pretty much inventory. Where as Kay, moves inventory fast.   There are in many more and less exclusive locations, have more sales and discounting, so they would have a lower profit margin, but turn their inventory over much faster. Nevertheless, both companies have the opportunity to have a good return on their assets, but with different strategies and the DuPont method would call that out very quickly.

Another situation that can happen is that two similar companies, with similar output and similar net income all else being equal, could have very different strategies.   One company may rely on automation, read that as robotics and accordingly have a very high asset base.   The other may rely on a labor intensive model that uses people but not nearly as many assets.

You are the analyst and are asked to compare the two enterprises and have ROA high on your list of analytics. Because you now know you need to dig deep into Financial Reporting to get the whole story, you realize this difference in strategy and realize that the labor intensive company is going to simply by nature have a higher ROA, since the assets in the denominator are lower and from there it is just the math.

So now what to do.   Can you think of alternative ways to compare the two companies.   

Review information for The South African Motor Industry (The South African motor industry originally emerged through the assembly of knock-down kits of parts from abroad. Over the years, these developed into fully fledged manufacturers. This was largely due to the active industrial policies of the apartheid government (in power from 1948 to 1994), which aggressively promoted import substitution. Under apartheid, racial discrimination in the communities was mirrored by racial Fordism: blacks were largely condemned to poorly paid unskilled work. This led to many industries relying on cheap labor to solve systemically imposed inefficiencies.

In the 1970s, a wave of unionization of blacks took place, eclipsing the older, white- dominated trade unions. By the early 1980s, the new (“independent”) unions became increasingly outspoken in opposing the apartheid order. Mass resistance in communities was paralleled by an upsurge in strike action. In the Mercedes-Benz plant in East London, the resistance became so intense that large areas of the factory were rendered no-go areas for management. Finally a grouping of workers occupied the plant, damaging inventories and machinery.

The close of the apartheid era alleviated much of the underlying tension; at the same time, managers began to forge cooperative deals with unions. At Mercedes-Benz, these included very much better pay and working conditions, new opportunities for up-skilling and career advancement and a range of participative mechanisms, giving workers a real say in the process of production. Today, the plant is one of the most productive car plants in the world, and its products have the fewest defects of any Mercedes-Benz plant. While previously the plant was marginal, and by the late 1980s under threat of closure, today it is an integral part of the Mercedes-Benz worldwide production network.) case 3.1 then answer the following questions in accordance with the criteria below (Write 150 word minimum for each question, points will be deducted if each question does not meet the minimum 150-word required for each question):

1.       Summarize the study

2.       What lessons does the Mercedes-Benz East London plant hold for HR managers worldwide?

3.       Is the experience of Mercedes-Benz in East London relevant to other industries.

4.       If yes, please explain. If not, why not, please explain.

Do hypothesis testing (t test)

Test grade of students against 88 - insert the SPSS output in the space below.

a- What would be the alternate hypothesis for the study?                                                

b- Wh     at would be the null hypothesis?                                                    

c- What Level of Significance do you choose?                                              

d- What is the computed t critical value for the study?                                

e- What is the P-value of the test?                  

f- What is the conclusion?

4) Do hypothesis testing (t test)

Test grade of students against 88

a- What would be the alternate hypothesis for the study?                                       

b- What would be the null hypothesis?                                                         

c- What Level of Significance do you choose?                                              

d- What is the computed t critical value for the study?                              

e- What is the P-value of the test?                  

f- What is the conclusion?

Date Expenditure Spent The Amount of Expenditure

February 15 $90,000

April 1 $125,000

June 30 $200,000

October 1 $300,000

November 15 $585,000

Liabilities Amount Annual Interest Rate

Bond A $678,000 7.1%

Loan 1 $650,000 6%

Loan 2 $1,000,000 7%

Answer the following questions based on the information above:

Capitalizing interest on the new factory:

1) During the year, Frosty Co. paid all of the interest accrued on Bond A and Loan 1, but only $50,000 of the interest accrued on Loan 2. Using one journal entry, summarize how Frosty originally recorded the accrued interest on all three long-term debts.

2) Assuming John and Elsa are right that the new loan meets the standards for capitalizing interest, calculate avoidable interest.

3) What correcting entries would need to be made to properly record interest on Frosty Co.'s construction project if John and Elsa are right?

4) What would be the effect of interest adjustments on net income, assuming that Frosty Co.’s income tax rate is 30 percent?

5) Obtain the relevant authoritative literature on accounting interest capitalization using the FASB’s Codification Research System. How would you help Simon, John and Elsa to dissolve their disagreement? In other words, whose argument was right? Please make sure to cite FASB Accounting Standard Codification to support your answer. Be specific about the citation number you cite from (e.g., FASB ASC 735-10-25-1).

* construction goes on for the entire year so use 12 monthns in the fractions.

* Use weighted average percentage for interst capilaized.