The very useful restriction enzyme SpoBob hydrolyses the phosphodiester bond between the guanylates in the sequence AGGACCA. Is SpoBob generating blunt or sticky ends? Please explain.

this is actually biochemistry

At what substrate concentration would an enzyme with Km of 5mM operate at one-quarter its maximum rate? Give your answer in units of mM to 1 decimal place.

1. In E. coli cell is grown in the presence of high amounts of glucose. Which of the following is true?

a. The cell will use lactose as a carbon source.

b. The level of cyclic AMP in the cell will be low.

c. The level of cyclic AMP in the cell will be high.

d. Transcription of mRNA from the lac operon will be high

e. The cell will die.

2. Enhancers are

a. proteins located adjacent to promoters

b. distant nucleotide sequences where gene regulatory proteins bind

c. nucleotide sequences that block replication and inhibit transcription

d. proteins that bind and deactivate repressors

e. bacterial forms of promoters

3. When tryptophan is present in the media, the tryptophan molecules regulating the trp operon binds the

a. trpE enzyme

b. trp promoter

c. trp operator

d. trp repressor

e. trp polymerase

4. Your liver and heart cells are different because

a. they contain different genes

b. they contain different operons

c. each contains unique promoters

d. different regulatory genes are expressed in different tissues

e. they contain different chromosomes

5. In prokaryotic cells, a group of genes that code for functionally related and coordinately regulated proteins is a(n)

a. exon

b. intron

c. operon

d. repressor

e. homopolymer

6. Heterochromatin corresponds to densely packed regions of chromosomes. Hence heterochromatin likely contains:

a. Methylated DNA and hypoacetylated nucleosomes.

b. Methylated DNA and hyperacetlyated nucleosomes.

c. Unmethylated DNA and hyperacetylated nucleosomes.

d. Unmethylated DNA and hypoacetylated nucleosomes.

e. Degraded DNA and degraded nucleosomes.

7. The I^s mutation yields a super repressor of the lac operon. The most likely cause of this phenotype is:

a. The operator region no longer binds I^s repressor.

b. The promoter element shows irreversible binding to the inducer, lactose.

c. The beta-galactosidase gene is active.

d. The I^s repressor protein can no longer bind the inducer lactose.

e. The I^s repressor binds ribosomes, blocking expression of the lac operon.

8. Attenuation is a form of transcription regulation

a. that can be manifested by coupling transcription and translation .

b. that permits the photolyase reaction to repair DNA during transcription.

c. that results in degradation of amino acids not essential to growth.

d. that yields progressive increases in disease severity with age.

e. that can only be manifested through trans-activation of adjacent operons.

9. Multi-cistronic (polycistronic) messenger RNAs

a. Are only found in eukaryotic cells and encode genes for the cistronic organelle.

b. Encode transfer RNAs found inside bacterial mitochondria.

c. Distinguish between splice variants during the constitutive growth phase.

d. Is a single messenger RNA encoding multiple, different gene products.

e. Encode a single polypeptide chain.

10. An insulator functions to

a. Insulate ribosomes from enhancer effects

b. Insulate mRNAs from exonuclease activity

c. Insulate cells from the effects of bacterial endotoxins

d. Insulate specific introns from splicing.

e. Insulate genes from the effects of an enhancer

REVENUE CASE 4

As auditor of Da Do Enterprises Bhd, you have just completed of review of the sales ordering system and you have made the following observations: Orders are received by the sales office through the mail from customers. A sales order form is immediately prepared in duplicate for each customer order. These sales order form are pre-printed and kept in the sales office, but are not serially numbered. Copy #2 is retained on file together with the customer order. Copy #1 is sent to the credit department for authorization and approval. The credit manager checks the order against the approved customer’s list and the current accounts receivable subsidiary ledger account balance. The approved sales order is sent to the storekeeper, who checks whether the goods are available in stock to meet the request. If available, a multi-copy sales invoice is prepared. Like the sales order forms, the sales invoices are also preprinted but are not serially numbered. One copy of the sales invoice is sent to the customer. A second copy is sent to the accounts department. A third copy is sent to the customer with the goods as a packing slip. A fourth copy is filed together with the customer order by the storekeeper. The shipping clerks checks to make sure all shipments accomplished by a copy of the sales invoice.

Required:

a) Indicate weakness in internal control over the existing sales ordering system.

b) Recommend one improvement for each of the weakness identified.

c) Describe the audit tests (both tests of controls & substantive tests) the auditor may perform to determine if there are any errors or irregularities.

Question 11

The asset demand (D_a) for money

Group of answer choices

includes coins, paper currency and government bonds

is typically high if interest rates are relatively high

is the demand for money as a medium of exchange

is the demand for money in case of an emergency

is the demand of money as a store of wealth

Question 12

The asset demand for money

Group of answer choices

is unrelated to both the rate of interest and real income

varies inversely with nominal income

varies inversely with the rate of interest

varies inversely with real income

Question 13

If the quantity of money demanded exceeds the quantity supplied

Group of answer choices

the money demand curve will shift to the right

the interest rate will rise

the money supply curve will shift to the left

the interest rate will fall

Question 14

“Bond markets hate good news" because if as a result, inflation becomes a major concern (note: the list below is in the imprecise language of most of the media) (HINT: Bond Prices = 1/R)

Group of answer choices

the Fed might raise "interest rates" which will lower bond prices

the Fed might lower “interest rates" which will raise bond prices

none are correct; bond markets actually like good news, because robust economic growth results in an increase in the demand for bonds, driving up bond prices

the Fed might lower "interest rates" which will lower bond prices

the Fed might raise "interest rates" which will raise bond prices

Question 15

An increase in the money supply is likely to decrease

Group of answer choices

prices

money demand

interest rates

nominal income

Question 16

Commercial banks create money by

Group of answer choices

making loans

buying government securities

selling government securities

charging interest

getting bailed-out by the federal government

TYPE YOUR ANSWER

An unknown microbe with below result tests is identified Staphylococcus. ( to get to genus level). BASED ON RESULTS:

Discuss the degree of confidence you have regarding your identification (were there any tests that were challenging to interpret / what additional tests would confirm your identification/ Do all the characteristics of your microbe align with your observations?