Consider a hypothetical cell whose plasma membrane is impermeant to everything. The membrane is studded with channel proteins for Ca2+, but these channels are initially closed. The concentration of Ca2+ outside the cell is 100 mM and the concentration of Ca2+ inside the cell is 1 mM. Initally, the membrane potential is 0 mV.

After a while, the net flow of Ca2+ ceases because dynamic equilibrium has been reached. What is the membrane potential of the cell when it reaches dynamic equilibrium? Show how you arrived at this answer.

As you are sifting through evidence, you must discern the level and value of the evidence. On a continuum of natural to highly controlled settings, put these studies in order beginning with the least controlled setting. Explain your rationale. a. Experimental study conducted in a laboratory in a psychology research center on a university campus b. Grounded theory study conducted in participants’ homes c. Quasi-experimental study in an outpatient clinic after the clinic was closed d. Descriptive comparative study using a mailed survey

On May 1, the share price of Company Monash is $60 and its December futures price is $54.7. On July 1 the share price is changed to $64 and its December futures price is changed to $64. An investor entered into futures contracts on May 1 to hedge his/her purchase of the share of Company Monash on July 1. The investor closed out his/her position on July 1. What is the effective price (after taking account of hedging) paid by the investor?

A company reported Net Income of $1,000,000 for 2015 and $1,000,000 for 2016. After the books have been closed for 2017, it was discovered that the ending inventory for 2015 was overstated by $20,000. Tell the effect that the error had on each of the following:

a. Cost of Goods Sold for 2015 as originally reported

b. Net Income for 2015 as originally reported

c. Cost of Goods Sold for 2016 as originally reported

d. Net Income for 2016 as originally reported

e. Retained Earnings as of the end of 2016

I’ve got a three part question:

(a) As a response to the recent COVID-19 outbreak, the Commonwealth Government put in place lockdown restrictions. Using the dynamic AD-AS framework, analyse and demonstrate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of output (or real GDP), unemployment, and inflation.

(b) In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020 the Commonwealth Government announced a fiscal stimulus which included income support for workers and businesses hit by the pandemic. Using the same dynamic AD-AS framework used in part (a), explain and illustrate the effect of the fiscal stimulus on the level of output (or real GDP), unemployment, and inflation.

(c) Using the same dynamic AD-AS framework used in part (b), show what the impact of the fiscal stimulus would have been if Australia had no interactions in trade or finance with other economies (i.e. if Australia was a closed economy).

Please write down your response after reading the paragraphs. (At least 5 sentences long. 150-200 words)

I think that there is a very fine line between technology and human innovation. That fine line is when the technological innovation starts to harm humans. That is not the case here with Geraldine Hamilton’s organs on a chip. With this organ on a chip, there are no humans being hurt. She is using cells to try to stimulate accurate representations of a human body. She is doing this to try to help the world of medicine. Using these chips, she can test cures for certain diseases and even test medicine for specific people. Not all people are the same so she can take specific people’s cells and test if they would react in a fatal or non fatal way to a drug. She gives an example in her talk, when she explains how she had a headache and took an advil, then fifteen minutes later, she was rushed to an emergency room (Hamilton). This shows how differently people can react to different types of medicine. Using this technology could end up saving so many lives in the long run.

I think that there is a very fine line between technology and human innovation. That fine line is when the technological innovation starts to harm humans. That is not the case here with Geraldine Hamilton’s organs on a chip. With this organ on a chip, there are no humans being hurt. She is using cells to try to stimulate accurate representations of a human body. She is doing this to try to help the world of medicine. Using these chips, she can test cures for certain diseases and even test medicine for specific people. Not all people are the same so she can take specific people’s cells and test if they would react in a fatal or non fatal way to a drug. She gives an example in her talk, when she explains how she had a headache and took an advil, then fifteen minutes later, she was rushed to an emergency room (Hamilton). This shows how differently people can react to different types of medicine. Using this technology could end up saving so many lives in the long run. I think that human innovation is gradually becoming dependent on technology but for a good reason. Technology can do many things that humans cannot. We can program technology to do various different things that are more faster and efficient than we could do ourselves. We should use technology to our advantage, to help us improve ourselves and everyone around us. I think that it is a very powerful tool which can help us make the world a better place for everyone. An example is this organ on a chip technology that could potentially eliminate the need for animal testing which has so many ethical issues. Another example is when we use technology to give people prosthetic arms and legs to people who were born with none. I think that technology is an amazing thing, it is helping us make huge strides in medicine and beyond.

Differential Geometry

Open & Closed Sets, Continuity

(1) Prove (2,4) is open

(2) Prove [2,4) is not open

(3) Prove [2,4] is closed

Visit the NASDAQ historical prices weblink. First, set the date range to be for exactly 1 year ending on the Monday that this course started. Use March 16, 2019 - March 15, 2020 by clicking on the blue dates after "Time Period". Next, click the "Apply" button. Next, click the link on the right side of the page that says "Download Data" to save the file to your computer.

This project will only use the Close values. Assume that the closing prices of the stock form a normally distributed data set. This means that you need to use Excel to find the mean and standard deviation. Then, use those numbers and the methods you learned in sections 6.1-6.3 of the course textbook for normal distributions to answer the questions. Do NOT count the number of data points.

Show the work within a single Excel file. Show your work or explain how you obtained each of your answers. Answers with no work and no explanation will receive no credit.

1.    a) Submit a copy of your dataset along with a file that contains your answers to all of the following questions.

b) What the mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of the Close column in your data set?

c) If a person bought 1 share of Google stock within the last year, what is the probability that the stock on that day closed at less than the mean for that year? Hint: You do not want to calculate the mean to answer this one. The probability would be the same for any normal distribution. (5 points)

2.    If a person bought 1 share of Google stock within the last year, what is the probability that the stock on that day closed at more than $1150? (5 points)

3.    If a person bought 1 share of Google stock within the last year, what is the probability that the stock on that day closed within $50 of the mean for that year? (between 50 below and 50 above the mean) (5 points)

4.    If a person bought 1 share of Google stock within the last year, what is the probability that the stock on that day closed at less than $950 per share. Would this be considered unusal? Use the definition of unusual from the course textbook that is measured as a number of standard deviations (5 points)

5.    At what prices would Google have to close in order for it to be considered statistically unusual? You will have a low and high value. Use the definition of unusual from the course textbook that is measured as a number of standard deviations. (5 points)

6.    What are Quartile 1, Quartile 2, and Quartile 3 in this data set? Use Excel to find these values. This is the only question that you must answer without using anything about the normal distribution. (5 points)

7.    Is the normality assumption that was made at the beginning valid? Why or why not? Hint: Does this distribution have the properties of a normal distribution as described in the course textbook? Real data sets are never perfect, however, it should be close. One option would be to construct a histogram like you did in Project 1 to see if it has the right shape. Something in the range of 10 to 12 classes is a good number. (5 points)