Below is the extract of a research

Qualitative Design

The philosophical underpinnings of qualitative studies include perspectives of phenomena and a consideration for multiple realities held by different individuals (Munhall, 2010). The outcomes of qualitative research rely heavily on the information provided by those with subject experience related to the study (the participants), providing data through first- person narratives (Munhall, 2010). The acquisition of contextualized, multi-faceted descriptions enrich the understanding of a phenomenon (Holloway & Wheeler, 2010). In contrast, a quantitative study focuses on collecting numerical data to validate hypotheses and draw generalizations (Maltby Williams, McGarry, & Day, 2013).

Phenomenology is based on the idea that understanding a phenomenon is attainable through the subjective perceptions of people who underwent the experience being studied (Flood, 2010). Phenomenological studies emphasize that the person is fundamental to the environment; therefore, researchers must focus on individual perceptions (Flood, 2010; James, Cottle, & Hodge, 2010). The purpose of phenomenological research is often to describe the participants’ experiences with the phenomena, the interpretations of these experiences, and the meaning of those experiences to the participants (Sissolak, Marais, & Mehtar, 2011). This study investigated the phenomenon of elderly patients’ perceptions of pain 48 hours after undergoing ORIF surgery.

The study used a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach to explore the following two research questions: (a) What are the perceptions of pain and pain management of patients between 65 and 75 years of age 48 hours after ORIF surgery? (b) What are the perceptions of adaptation for patients between 65 and 75 years of age after ORIF surgery?Husserl’s (1970) descriptive approach was selected because it used knowledge development that could effectively achieve the objectives of this inquiry and supplement what was already known regarding the phenomenon under investigation. The philosophical underpinnings of qualitative studies include perspectives of phenomena and a consideration for the multiple realities held by different individuals (Munhall, 2010).

Data Collection and Instrumentation

The study integrated a pilot study into the methodology, which explored one research question: What are the perceptions of pain and adaptation of patients 65 and 75 years of age after open reduction and internal fixation surgery? The pilot study was conducted with four patients, who answered 11 interview questions. Results of the pilot study were used to validate the appropriateness of the research questions.

Before conducting any data collection procedures, a letter of cooperation was received from the hospital prior to seeking Institutional Review Board (IRB) approvals from the University of Phoenix and the hospital. This facilitated the appropriate access to hospital records to identify the patients who had ORIF surgery within the specified period of the study. I sought self and peer monitoring to adhere to HIPPA laws. No participant information was left unattended and all documents pertaining to the study were confidential. Once IRB from the University of Phoenix and the hospital were approved, data collection started with recruiting participants for the study. An introductory and recruitment letter was sent to the patients and the orthopedic surgeons asking for assistance in finding candidates who were suitable for the study. Information on patients who had ORIF was obtained from the patients' charts. The patients consented to disclosing their identities and surgeries to a researcher. The participants were approached after their procedures, and informed consent and interviews were scheduled at the patient’s convenience. No patient was asked to sign an informed consent or beinterviewed while under the influence of pain medication.

Data collection was conducted as a one-on-one recorded personal interview and was facilitated by a semi-structured interview guide composed of ten open-ended questions, which made up the Pain Perception Interview Questions (PPIQ). A closing semi-structured question ("Do you have anything else to add?") was added to facilitate further information gathering or clarification. Interviews were one hour long and took place in the participant’s room. Questions focused on the perceptions of pain and pain management 48 hours after ORIF surgery and adaptation after ORIF as narrated in participants’ own words.

Population and Sampling

Prior to data collection, each participant reviewed and signed a consent form and received information about the reasons for the study. Before the start of each interview, participants were made aware that they could discontinue the interview if they experienced pain and if their healthcare provider entered the room. One of the most important responsibilities of a researcher of human subjects is to ensure informed consent of any participants. Research cannot be undertaken without this consent. Informed consent gave the researcher permission to delve into private areas of a human subject’s life and enter a person’s emotional, physiological, intellectual, or other very intimate arena that must be protected. I transcribed all information obtained from the participants and I was the sole individual with access to the participant information. At the conclusion of the study, all information, including audio recordings and field notes, were locked in an encrypted secure electronic database.

A total of 12 participants was recruited from a community primary care hospital that conducted an average of 12 ORIF surgeries monthly. Ten participants met the study’s inclusion criteria: (a) age between 65 and 75 years; (b) have undergone ORIF surgery in the past 48 hours, (c) speak and understand English fully; and (d) should not exhibit any form of mental illnesses. The concepts of diminishing returns and saturation in qualitative studies were considered when determining the sample size for the study.

Data Analysis

The use of NVivo 10.0 (QSR International) to process the data collected from the interviews enhanced categorizing statements and emerging themes. The modified Van Kaam (1969) method, based on Husserl’s (1970, 2012) philosophy, was used to analyze the data collected. Van Kaam’s method requires that intersubjective agreement be reached with other expert judges. Roy’s four modes of adaptation -- physical, self-concept, role function, and interdependence -- were used to determine adaptation responses (AR) and ineffective responses (IR) of participants based on responses to the PPIQ. Van Kaam’s (1969) approach in the phenomenological generation and analysis of data has been frequently utilized by nurse researchers because of its rigor in accomplishing accurate results from studies.

Using Moustakas' (1994) seven-step approach in conjunction with the NVivo© 10 software, participants were interviewed, and textual datum collected and analyzed to discern themes that developed from the data. Additionally, a descriptive analysis was conducted regarding the differences between the participants’ responses. Analysis involved comparing the invariant constituents that was revealed within the main themes.

The coding process utilized the NVivo© 10 software that has the capability to list the key words and phrases emerging from the transcripts of the participants. For instance, key words identified in interview question one was (a) personal, (b) different, and (c) self. This list of words and phrases guided me to identify specific codes that were then re-uploaded in NVivo© 10 for code grouping. For instance, the key word “personal” was identified as “differences of pain.” The grouped codes served as the basis for determining the themes. These themes were refined from the coded text to reflect the themes critical to the central question.

The preliminary grouping was coded by the following: (a) experiences of pain, (b) perceptions of pain, (c) failure of pain management, (d) understanding pain management options, (e) involvement mechanism in pain management, (f) factors affecting caregiver interaction, (g) meanings of adaptation, and (h) recommendations of pain management. These groupings were then utilized to understand the lived experiences of elderly concerning pain management.

Question:

a) Please illustrate the methodology used in this qualitative study

b) Describe the application of the methodology stated above in qualitative research study

Beilman Inc. reports the following pretax income (loss) for both book and tax purposes.

The tax rates listed were all enacted by the beginning of 2018.Prepare the journal entries for years 2018–2021 to record income tax expense (benefit) and income taxes payable, and the tax effects of the loss carryforward, assuming that based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that one-half of the benefits of the loss carryforward will not be realized. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)

eTextbook and Media

List of Accounts

Prepare the income tax section of the 2020 income statement beginning with the line “Operating loss before income taxes.” (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45).)

eTextbook and Media

List of Accounts

Prepare the income tax section of the 2021 income statement beginning with the line “Income before income taxes.” (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -45 or parentheses e.g. (45).)

eTextbook and Media

List of Accounts

Save for Later

Attempts: 0 of 5 used

Submit Answer

The following condensed income statements of the Jackson Holding Company are presented for the two years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

On October 15, 2021, Jackson entered into a tentative agreement to sell the assets of one of its divisions. The division qualifies as a component of an entity as defined by GAAP. The division was sold on December 31, 2021, for $5,210,000. Book value of the division’s assets was $4,540,000. The division’s contribution to Jackson’s operating income before-tax for each year was as follows:

Assume an income tax rate of 25%.

Required: (In each case, net any gain or loss on sale of division with annual income or loss from the division and show the tax effect on a separate line.)
1. Prepare revised income statements according to generally accepted accounting principles, beginning with income from continuing operations before income taxes. Ignore EPS disclosures.
2. Assume that by December 31, 2021, the division had not yet been sold but was considered held for sale. The fair value of the division’s assets on December 31 was $5,210,000. Prepare revised income statements according to generally accepted accounting principles, beginning with income from continuing operations before income taxes. Ignore EPS disclosures.
3. Assume that by December 31, 2021, the division had not yet been sold but was considered held for sale. The fair value of the division’s assets on December 31 was $3,970,000. Prepare revised income statements according to generally accepted accounting principles, beginning with income from continuing operations before income taxes. Ignore EPS disclosures.

Myers Company uses a flexible budget for manufacturing overhead based on direct labor hours. Variable manufacturing overhead costs per direct labor hour are as follows.

Fixed overhead costs per month are Supervision $3,600, Depreciation $1,000, and Property Taxes $900. The company believes it will normally operate in a range of 8,000–13,700 direct labor hours per month.

Assume that in July 2020, Myers Company incurs the following manufacturing overhead costs.

(a) Prepare a flexible budget performance report, assuming that the company worked 11,800 direct labor hours during the month. (List variable costs before fixed costs.)

(b) Prepare a flexible budget performance report, assuming that the company worked 11,200 direct labor hours during the month. (List variable costs before fixed costs.)

Topology question:

Prove that a bijection f : X → Y is a homeomorphism if and only if f and f−1 map closed sets to closed sets.

Please describe how the Schumpeter's theory of innovation or theory in the economic development may or may not apply to the theory explained in the David Teece's, the "Dynamic Capabilities Model?"

True or False. Draw a graph (supply and demand diagrams) to support your answer:

Technological innovation benefits society because it increases the total revenue of the producers.

What is meant by technological advance and how does the concept impact firms in the long run? Distinguish between invention, innovation and development and provide an example of each.

Explain the essential traits for entrepreneurs in the innovation and triggering event stages:

1- Tolerance for ambiguity

2- increased need for achievement

3- willingness to accept risk.