Identify 10 APA errors in this written document.

Behavior Modification: An Alternative to Drug Therapy in Treating Hyperactive Children ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine whether application of behavior modification methods can be an effective and safe alternative to amphetamine therapy in the treatment of hyperactive school children. Sixty elementary age school children who were identified as hyperactive were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. It was concluded that additional research is needed to determine the generalize ability of the findings to larger groups and to non-special education classes.

In recent years, the use of amphetamines in treating hperactive children, has caused much controversy and concern. According to some researchers, an estimated 400,000 hyperactive school children are presently being treated with these drugs. Much of the public’s concern has to do with the way in which children are diagnosed. Many children, for example, are being treated with amphetamines solely on the recommendations of school authoritys. Despite the fact that many teachers mistake the normal restlessness of childhood for hyperkinesis. Anohter cause for concern stems from a lack of follow-up studies on the long-term affects of amphetamines.

As an alternative to drug therapy, researchers have begun to focus on behavior modification techniques that are believed to be more safer and more effective over time (Strong, 1974). Strong (1974) conducted a two-year study with an autistic boy and found thast positive reinforcement was significantly more effective than drug therapy in reducing facial grimacing. In another study, this same researcher found token reinforcement to be more effective then medication in increasing adaptive behavior in retarded women.

Behavior modification techniques have also been studied in classroom settings. Smith (1969), for example, was able to reduce ina ppropriate classroom behavior of a ten-year old hyperactive girl by using these techniques. In another study, Nixon (1969) tested the effects of behavior modification in increasing the “on-task performance” of 24 boys who had been diagnosed as hyperactive by there teachers. In the Nixon (1969) study, their was four treatment groups which consisted of various reinforcement techniques and control. Results of a one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between the groups. Although it was reported that some
of the children in each gorup made great improvement in staying on task in learning situations. The Nixon study, however, contained possible sources of error: (1) treatment groups only contained 6 subjects each; (2) there were only 8 treatment sessions;
(3) no instruments were used to evaluate children’s performance; and (4) the children knew they were participating in a study.Widespread use of amphetamines in treating hyperactive children may be a dangerous practice. Moreover, behavior modification techniques have shown to be just as effective in reducing hperactive behavior in children in certain settings.
The sample group for this study will be selected from the population of North Side Educational Center for behaviorally disturbed, elementary-age children. Those children who were diagnosed as “hyperactive” or “hyperkinetic” by the school’s psychologist were cosnidered the population. The stratified random sampling method is to be used to insure that children ages 6 through 12 were represented in the study.

One of the girls on your college track team has diabetes. She has shared with you some of her fears and concerns. You ask her if you can share this information with the other team members and she gives you the permission to do so. Design a lecture for the team members that will help them recognize the signs, symptoms, and complications of diabetic problems.

Here are summary statistics for randomly selected weights of newborn​ girls: n=246​, x overbar =30.4​hg, s=6.1hg. Construct a confidence interval estimate of the mean. Use a 98​% confidence level. Are these results very different from the confidence interval 28.9 hg<μ<31.3hg with only16 sample​ values, x overbar=30.1​hg, and s=1.8​hg?

Question: Please remind of your school days. Describes your school circumstance (e.g. size, management, tracking, characteristics of students, physical environment of the school, absence of security, a lack of resources, etc.) that led to more delinquent behaviors (You can point out a specific kind of delinquency such as school bullying, drug using, violence, etc.) What do you think school officials should do about?

You are part of a team investigating the identifying motor vehicle accidents. A multiple regression model is to be constructed to predict the number of motor vehicle accidents in a town per year based upon the population of the town, the number of recorded traffic offenses per year and the average annual temperature in the town.

Data has been collected on 30 randomly selected towns:

a)Find the multiple regression equation using all three explanatory variables. Assume that X₁ is population, X₂ is number of recorded traffic offenses per year and X₃ is average annual temperature. Give your answers to 3 decimal places.

y^ =  + population + no. traffic offences + average temp

b)At a level of significance of 0.05, the result of the F test for this model is that the null hypothesis isis not rejected.

For parts c) and d), using the data, separately calculate the correlations between the response variable and each of the three explanatory variables.

c)The explanatory variable that is most correlated with number of motor vehicle accidents per year is:

population
number of traffic offenses
average annual temperature

d)The explanatory variable that is least correlated with number of motor vehicle accidents per year is:

population
number of traffic offenses
average annual temperature

e)The value of R² for this model, to 2 decimal places, is equal to

f)The value of s_e for this model, to 3 decimal places, is equal to

g)Construct a new multiple regression model by removing the variable average annual temperature. Give your answers to 3 decimal places.

The new regression model equation is:

y^ =  + population + no. traffic offences

h)In the new model compared to the previous one, the value of R² (to 2 decimal places) is:

increased
decreased
unchanged

i)In the new model compared to the previous one, the value of s_e (to 3 decimal places) is:

increased
decreased
unchanged

The following table shows the number of fifth and sixth grade teachers in a school district and the number of students in each of those grades. The number of teachers for each of the grade levels was determined by using the Huntington-Hill apportionment method. The district has decided to hire a new teacher for either the fifth or sixth grade.

(a) Use the apportionment principle to determine to which grade the new teacher should be assigned.  

(b) Use the Huntington-Hill apportionment principle to determine to which grade the new teacher should be assigned.

How does this result compare with the result in part (a)?

same result or different result

1) What is the Keynesian school of thought relating to business cycles?

2) What are the strengths of the Keynesian school of thought?

3) What are the weaknesses of the Keynesian school of thought?

4) How has the Keynesian school of thought impacted economics/public policy over the last 80+ years?

A perfectly competative market with demand Qd=80-P. Let there be 4 firms (indexed by i=1,...,4), each with a cost curve C(qi)=6qi+3/2qi^2.

A) The firms interact in a competative market. What is the equilibrium p and q?

B) Firms 1 and 2 merge and become a firm with a reduced cost function C(qi)=1/2qi^2 while remaining fringe firms have the same cost functions as earlier. The market is still perfectly competative. What is the merged firms output, and there is no price ceiling.

C) Do consumer prefer the market before or after the merger, why?

Please show step by step

The market for a standard-sized cardboard container consists of two firms: CompositeBox and Fiberboard. As the manager of CompositeBox, you enjoy a patented technology that permits your company to produce boxes faster and at a lower cost than Fiberboard. You use this advantage to be the first to choose its profit-maximizing output level in the market. The inverse demand function for boxes is P = 1200 – 6Q,CompositeBox’s costs are C_C(Q_C) = 60Q_C, and Fiberboard’s costs are C_F(Q_F) = 120Q_F. Ignoring antitrust considerations, by how much would your profits increase if you merged with Fiberboard?

$

What is the minimum amount you would have to offer Fiberboard for it to accept your purchase offer?

$

The market for a standard-sized cardboard container consists of two firms: CompositeBox and Fiberboard. As the manager of CompositeBox, you enjoy a patented technology that permits your company to produce boxes faster and at a lower cost than Fiberboard. You use this advantage to be the first to choose its profit-maximizing output level in the market. The inverse demand function for boxes is Q= 200-1/6P .CompositeBox�s costs are C_C(Q_C) = 60Q_C, and Fiberboard�s costs are C_F(Q_F) = 120Q_F. Ignoring antitrust considerations, by how much would your profits increase if you merged with Fiberboard? What will you have to offer Fiberboard to accept your offer?