What are panel trend and cohort studies as longitudinal designs and how they diffrer each other in designs?

Do All parts

You are interested in doing research on COVID-19. Provide example questions/objectives that you can research with each of the following designs. Make sure it is clear to me that you understand the type of study (give enough information; provide direction; what would be ascertained first in terms of outcomes and exposure/risk).

Designs:

A research study was conducted to assess whether there is an association between stress disorders in pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in their children born out of these pregnancies. Forty children with ASD and fifty without ASD were selected for investigation. Mothers were asked about whether they suffered from stress disorders during their pregnancy.

This study is an example of a:3

a. Prospective cohort study

b. Retrospective cohort study

c. Case control study

d. Randomized controlled trial

What is a slew rate ? List causes of the slew rate
Find the maximum frequency for a sine wave output voltage of 10 V peak with an op amp whose slew rate is 1 V/ us .

2. Describe ASK, explain how it works and why we use it:

3. Explain what PCM does and how it works:

4. Which of the following networking device(s) block(s) broadcast traffic, thus dividing networks into separate subnets? (Hint: only OSI Network layer devices can divide networks into separate subnets): Routers, Switches, Wireless Access Points (bridges)

5. List the three types of multiplexing from the text and explain how they work:

. List two network layer protocols and explain what they do:

6. Explain what the acronym “ARQ” stands for and explain how it works:

7. The Session and Presentation layers are explicit layers in the OSI model, but are embedded within the Application layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack. Explain what the Session and Presentation layers do.

Session:    

Presentation:    

8. How does the application layer handle security?

Here is information for a county government:

The county has four capital projects funds, with the following characteristics:

Which of these capital projects funds also meet the second criterion for reporting as major funds, and therefore are reported as major funds in the governmental funds financial statements?

10. a. A commonly used benefit-cost rule is to undertake a program if and only if its ratio of benefits to cost (both in present–value terms) is greater than 1 (B/C > 1). Does this rule make sense?

b. A city is deliberating what to do with a downtown vacant lot that it owns. Should it build a parking garage or a public library? According to its studies, the benefit-cost ratio for the garage is 2 and the ratio for the library is 1.5. Accordingly, the city decides to build the garage. Is this conclusion justified, or is additional information needed? Explain carefully.

c. A state must decide which of its deteriorating bridges to repair within its limited budget. The total number of such bridges (some currently closed for safety reasons) is between 450 and 500. The state has gathered estimates of repair costs and projected traffic benefits for each bridge. It has decided to repair those bridges with the greatest benefit-cost ratios until its budget is exhausted. Does this strategy make sense? Explain carefully.

Short Story: People in America often wonder why we pay higher prices for pharmaceutical drugs versus countries that have socialized medicine like Canada, Great Britain, and Sweden. Here is the dirty little secret. These socialist governments often threaten U.S. pharma firms that they will steal the patents or outright reverse engineer the drug to figure out the formula. If they do this then they will get the drugs fast and cheap while the U.S. pharma firms get stuck with the total cost of the billions they spent on research and development on these life-saving medicines. This is dirty.

These socialist governments then negotiate a deal with the U.S. pharma companies to get the drugs shipped to them at a cheaper price and Americans end up paying higher costs. In a sense, American capitalism is supporting government-run healthcare in these socialist nations.

Of course, U.S. pharma firms are not innocent angels either. They do their best to maintain the monopoly on their drugs for a full 20 years before they will allow the production of generic drugs by all pharma firms.

Many of the new drugs that have been invented over the last 30 years was because of the hard work of the U.S. government-funded National Institute of Health and the bright professors and students in our leading universities such as UC Irvine Medical Center, UC of San Francisco, etc… All of this activity is actually funded by the U.S. taxpayer.

Finally, because of the endless bureaucratic red tape and expensive testing rigor demanded by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, the average cost to produce a new drug is about $2.2 billion.

Essay Question: What a mess! What ideas do you have for this Oligopoly market structure to get U.S. pharma drug prices lower for the average American?     

1. A charge of +3 nC is at the point (0,2,0), and a charge of -1 nC is at the point (0,-2,0).

a) Find the electric field (E) at the point (0,-1,1).

b) Find the force of a 3 uC charge at (1,0,0).