Robertson Real Estate Recapitalization

Founded 25 years ago by CEO Steve Robertson, Robertson Real Estate (RRE) purchases commercial real estate (land and buildings), rents both to tenants. The company has shown consistent annual profits over the past 18 years, and shareholders have been pleased with the company's management. Before he started RRE, Steve was also the founder and CEO of a now bankrupt Ostrich farm. This previous bankruptcy has made him extremely reluctant to undertake any type of debt financing, and he has financed the real estate company 100% with equity. Robertson Real Estate stock currently trades at $37.80 per share and has 8 million shares of common stock outstanding.

The company has been reviewing an opportunity to purchase a large segment of land in the southeastern United States for $85 million and plans to lease this property to one or more farming operations. The land purchase is expected to increase RRE's annual pretax earnings by $14.125 million in perpetuity. Raylynne Givins, the company's new CFO, determined the company's current cost of capital is 10.2%. She feels the company would be more valuable if it added some debt to its capital structure, so she is evaluating whether the company should issue debt to fully finance the project.

Based on conversations with several investment banks, Raylynne believes RRE can issue bonds at par value with a 6% coupon rate. Her analysis suggests a capital structure using 70% equity / 30% debt would be optimal. If the company's debt structure exceeds 30%, RRE's bond rating would be lower and require a significantly higher coupon due to the increased exposure to financial distress and the associated higher financing costs. RRE has a combined state and federal corporate tax rate of 23%.

Questions:

1. If RRE seeks to maximize total market value, should the company issue debt or equity to finance the land purchase? Explain.
2. Suppose RRE decides to issue equity to finance the purchase.
   1. What is the net present value (NPV) of the project?
   2. Construct RRE's market value balance sheet after it announces the firm will finance the purchase using equity.
      1. What would be the new price per share of the firm's stock?
      2. How many shares will RRE need to issue to finance the purchase?
   3. Construct RRE's market value balance sheet after the equity issue but before the purchase has been made.
      1. How many shares of common stock does RRE have outstanding?
      2. What is the price per share of the firm's stock?
3. Suppose RRE decides to issue debt to finance the purchase.
   1. What will be the market value of RRE if the purchase if financed with debt?
   2. Construct RRE's market value balance sheet after both the debt issue and the land purchase. What is the price per share of the firm's stock?
4. Which method of financing maximizes the per-share stock price of RRE's equity?

At the beginning of 2020, Brown Corporation had the following stockholders’ equity balances in its general ledger:

The paid-in capital from stock options relates to options granted on 1/1/18 to the CEO as incentive compensation. As of 1/1/20, the remaining expected benefit period is four years; expense has been and will be recorded evenly over the benefit period.

The following events were among the many occurring in 2020:

1. January 2: Purchased 5,000 shares of its common stock for $15 per share. Brown uses the cost method of accounting for treasury stock transactions.

2. February 1: Declared and paid a cash dividend of $2 per share on the outstanding common stock.

3. April 1: Issued 20,000 shares of $50 par, noncumulative, convertible 6% preferred stock for $60 per share, where one share of preferred stock is convertible into three shares of common stock.

4. July 1: 2,000 shares of treasury stock that had been purchased in a prior year for $18 per share were re-issued for $10 per share.

5. August 1: Holders of 6,000 shares of the preferred stock converted their shares into common stock when the market value of the common stock was $22 per share. Brown uses the book value method of accounting for conversions.

6. October 1: Declared and distributed a 1% stock dividend on common stock outstanding when the market price of the stock was $24 per share.

7. November 1: Corrected an error that was made several years ago, when land that had been purchased for $60,000 was inadvertently expensed.

8. December 1: Declared and distributed a property dividend of land to preferred shareholders. The land had a fair value of $60,000 and a carrying value of $75,000.

1. December 31: Recorded 2020 compensation expense related to the stock options.

The 2020 Final Net Income, including the effects of any net income items listed above (and the 2020 tax effects on net income items), was $700,000. There were 500,000 shares authorized for both preferred and common stock.

(OVER)

Required:                                                                                                                                            

1. All journal entries for the items (a. through i.) above. No explanations.  Ignore tax effects.
2. The 12/31/20 Stockholders’ Equity section. Use the format from the Frost Company example in Chapter 15 of the text. Include parenthetical disclosures for preferred stock and common stock.

Wildhorse Corporation had 118,000 common shares outstanding on December 31, 2019. During 2020, the company issued 14,000 shares on March 1, retired 6,500 shares on July 1, issued a 20% stock dividend on October 1, and issued 21,300 shares on December 1. For 2020, the company reported net income of $472,000 after a loss from discontinued operations of $67,600 (net of tax). The company issued a 2-for-1 stock split on February 1, 2021, and the company’s financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, were issued on February 28, 2021.

QUESTION:

Calculate earnings per share for 2020 as it should be reported to shareholders. (Round answer to 2 decimal places)

Discuss ethics and trust as critical aspects for sustainable business and suggest how you would instill these if you were a CEO of an international company

XYZ Company recorded the following information related to their inventory
accounts for 2020:

                          January 1, 2020        December 31, 2020
Direct materials               31,000                   50,000
Work in process                38,000                   41,000
Finished goods                 22,000                   34,000

The following information was taken from XYZ Company's accounting records
for 2020:

Sales revenue ...........................................   $630,000
Direct materials purchased ..............................       ?
Depreciation, factory equipment .........................     34,000
Prime costs .............................................    250,000
Utilities (60% for factory; 40% for office building) ....     20,000
Sales commissions .......................................     71,000
Indirect materials ......................................       ?
Depreciation, office equipment ..........................     30,000
Rent, factory building ..................................     56,000
Net income ..............................................     10,000
Direct labor ............................................       ?
Advertising .............................................     68,000
Production supervisor's salary ..........................     74,000

Additional information:

1.  Direct labor comprised 35% of the conversion costs for 2020.

2.  The actual overhead cost for 2020 was equal to the overhead applied
    to production. Thus there was no overhead variance for 2020.

Calculate XYZ Company's indirect materials cost for 2020.

XYZ Company recorded the following information related to their inventory
accounts for 2020:

                          January 1, 2020        December 31, 2020
Direct materials               31,000                   50,000
Work in process                38,000                   41,000
Finished goods                 22,000                   34,000

The following information was taken from XYZ Company's accounting records
for 2020:

Sales revenue ...........................................   $630,000
Direct materials purchased ..............................       ?
Depreciation, factory equipment .........................     34,000
Prime costs .............................................    250,000
Utilities (60% for factory; 40% for office building) ....     20,000
Sales commissions .......................................     71,000
Indirect materials ......................................       ?
Depreciation, office equipment ..........................     30,000
Rent, factory building ..................................     56,000
Net income ..............................................     10,000
Direct labor ............................................       ?
Advertising .............................................     68,000
Production supervisor's salary ..........................     74,000

Additional information:

1.  Direct labor comprised 35% of the conversion costs for 2020.

2.  The actual overhead cost for 2020 was equal to the overhead applied
    to production. Thus there was no overhead variance for 2020.

Calculate XYZ Company's indirect materials cost for 2020.

A company wants to evaluate its main strategy which is cost-leadership. The CEO needs 4 criteria for evaluation purposes. What are the 4 criteria required to make sure it is the best strategy for the company and it has no flaw?   

Which of the following items is nottaxable income of a New Zealand tax resident? why is correct and why are not correct? a)         Sale of a home that has been inhabited by the owner for 15 years and was not acquired with the intention of sale.

(b)       Wages from a part time job working in a bar.

(c)       Dividend income from an Australian listed company.

(d)       Sales proceeds from selling flowers in a florist shop.

For the year ended Dec 31, 2021, Arndt Inc. reported pretax accounting income of $700 million. Select information is listed below: 1) The company begins selling one-year subscriptions to a weekly journal. Subscription sales collected and taxable in 2021 were $530 million. Subscriptions included in 2021 for financial reporting revenues were $470 million. 2) In 2020, the company purchased a piece of equipment with a cost of $500 million. For financial reporting purposes, the company used the straight-line method over a 5-year service life with no residual value expected. For tax purposes, the equipment was scheduled to be depreciated by $180 million, $150 million, $100 million, $50 million and $20 million in years 2020 through 2024, respectively. 3) During 2021, the company prepaid an insurance for year 2022 in the amount of $60 million. The insurance payment is tax deductible in 2021. 4) In 2021, the company paid $100 million fines to settle trading misconduct allegations brought by the US government. The fines are non tax deductible. Arndt Inc.’s income tax rate is 30%. At January 1, 2021, the company had a deferred tax liability of $24 million and no deferred tax asset.

Required: a) What is taxable income for 2021?

b) What is the ending balance of DTL on 12/31/2021?

c) What is the ending balance of DTA on 12/31/2021?

d) Prepare journal entries to record income taxes in 2021.

e) What are current income tax expense and total income tax expense for year 2021?