Nick and Tim are considering contributing toward the creation of a water fountain. Each can choose whether to contribute $300 to the water fountain or to keep that $300 for a pool table.
Since a water fountain is a public good, both Nick and Tim will benefit from any contributions made by the other person. Specifically, every dollar that either one of them contributes will bring each of them $0.70 of benefit. For example, if both Nick and Tim choose to contribute, then a total of $600 would be contributed to the water fountain. So, Nick and Tim would each receive $420 of benefit from the water fountain, and their combined benefit would be $840. This is shown in the upper left cell of the first table.
Since a pool table is a private good, if Nick chooses to spend $300 on a pool table, Nick would get $300 of benefit from the pool table and Tim wouldn't receive any benefit from Nick's choice. If Nick still spends $300 on a pool table and Tim chooses to contribute $300 to the water fountain, Nick would still receive the $210 of benefit from Tim's generosity. In other words, if Nick decides to keep the $300 for a pool table and Tim decides to contribute the $300 to the public project, then Nick would receive a total benefit of $300+$210=$510$300+$210=$510, Tim would receive a total benefit of $210, and their combined benefit would be $720. This is shown in the lower left cell of the first table.
Complete the following table, which shows the combined benefits of Nick and Tim as previously described.
| Tim | |||
| Contributes | Doesn't contribute | ||
| Nick | Contributes | $840 | |
| Doesn't contribute | $720 | ||
Of the four cells of the table, which gives the greatest combined benefits to Nick and Tim?
When both Nick and Tim contribute to the water fountain
When neither Nick nor Tim contributes to the water fountain
When Nick contributes to the water fountain and Tim doesn't, or vice versa
Now, consider the incentive facing Nick individually. The following table looks similar to the previous one, but this time, it is partially completed with the individual benefit data for Nick. As shown previously, if both Nick and Tim contribute to a public good, Nick receives a benefit of $420. On the other hand, if Tim contributes to the water fountain and Nick does not, Nick receives a benefit of $510.
Complete the right-hand column of the following table, which shows the individual benefits of Nick.
Hint: You are not required to consider the benefit of Tim.
| Tim | |||
| Contribute | Doesn't contribute | ||
| Nick | Contribute | $420, -- | , -- |
| Doesn't contribute | $510, -- | , -- | |
If Tim decides to contribute to the water fountain, Nick would maximize his benefit by choosing to the water fountain. On the other hand, if Tim decides not to contribute to the water fountain, Nick would maximize his benefit by choosing to the water fountain.
These results illustrate .
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In: Economics
In: Finance
1. Describe a transformation process within an organization that is familiar to you; list all inputs, components, and the transformation process that produces either a product or service the organization delivers its customers. Make sure you mention all of the parts of the transformation process.
2. What is the difference between a “products or goods” versus “services”? What are some of the similarities and differences between the two? Can services be inventoried? (Last Question is Lecture Based) Give some examples based upon your experience as a customer or from your professional experience.
3. Many people state that their organization has no customers. Is it possible for a business, or department within an enterprise, not to have customers? Why or why not? How does the customer influence an operations strategy? What is the difference between a strategy and an operations plan?
In: Operations Management
A clothing store is open each day for 12 hours. On average, the store gets 120 customers per day. Round each answer below to the nearest hundredth.
a. Find the probability that the store gets 140 or more customers today.
b. Find the probability that the store gets 15 or more customers in the first hour of business.
c. Find the probability that the store gets 40 or more customers in the first three hours of business.
**Please show me how to put this into a calculator Ti- 84**
In: Statistics and Probability
Given the following table of grades:
|
Grades |
A |
B |
C |
D |
F |
Totals |
|
Males |
17 |
8 |
14 |
11 |
3 |
53 |
|
Females |
12 |
11 |
13 |
6 |
5 |
47 |
|
Totals |
29 |
19 |
27 |
17 |
8 |
100 |
a. What is the probability that a randomly selected student got an A or B?
b. What is the probability that if a student was female that they got a passing grade?
c. What is the probability of a female student given that they got a “B”?
4. The Edward’s Theater chain has studied its movie customers to determine how much money they spend on concessions. The study revealed that the spending distribution is approximately normally distributed with a mean of $4.11 and a standard deviation of $1.37. What percentage of customers will spend less than $3.00 on concessions? Use the Z-tables in the textbook.
In: Statistics and Probability
Journal Entries During July 2017, Krogue, Inc., completed the following transactions. Prepare journal entry for each transaction. Received $320,000 for 80,000 shares of capital stock. 4 Purchased $100,000 of equipment, with 75% down and 25% on a note payable. Paid utilities of $2,300 in cash. 9 Sold equipment for $15,000 cash (no gain or loss). 13 Purchased $250,000 of supplies, paying 30% down and 70% on credit. Paid $6,000 cash insurance premium for July. 18 Provided services for $81,000 to customers on account to be paid at a later date. /20 Collected $8,500 from accounts receivable. /24 Provided services for $43,000 to customers for cash. /27 Paid property taxes of $1,200. (30 Paid $175,000 of accounts payable for supplies purchased on July 13. July 14
In: Accounting
1. A national car rental company is interested in determining whether the mean days that customers rent cars is the same between three of its major cities. The following data reflect the number of days people rented a car for a sample of people in each of three cities.
Nizwa Sohar Muscat
5 7 7
3 7 5
7 11 8
1 5 11
2 7 15
9 3 17
a. Write down the null and alternative hypotheses to be tested.
b. Construct the ANOVA table
. c. Given the value of the tabulated F = 3.68 (α=.05), test the hypotheses you formulated in ‘a’ above.
d. Clearly state the test’s decision and conclusion. e. Perform pairwise comparisons and make conclusions (using t = 1.5).
In: Statistics and Probability
Their new task consisted of determining Entergy Corp.’s value in common stock, preferred stock, and bonds. With this information, they were to prepare a second seminar to explain the valuation process to the clients
Nicholas and Karina were able to obtain the following information in regard to Entergy Corp.’s long term obligations. The table indicates the first three first-mortgage bonds listed in the Annual Report.
Table 1
|
Face Amount |
$48,000 |
$32,000 |
$100,000 |
|
Coupon Rate |
4.5% |
8.5% |
12.62% |
|
Maturity Year |
1997 |
2007 |
2017 |
|
Years to Maturity |
5 |
15 |
25 |
Nicholas and Karina concluded that the effect of increased concern in regards to any event risk, was to lower Entergy Corp.’s cost of bond financing. The following information was gathered through the use of Value Line Survey.
Entergy’s recent price was $38 per share with a P/E of 14.6 and a dividend yield of 4.8%. Its beta was .60.
|
Year |
ROE |
Pay-Out-Ratio |
|
2000 |
15.3% |
67% |
|
2001 |
16.8% |
66% |
|
2002 |
16.0% |
67% |
|
2003 |
15% |
69% |
|
2004 |
15% |
70% |
|
Estimated 05-07 |
16% |
67% |
Earnings Per Share
|
Year |
March 31 |
June 31 |
Sept. 31 |
Dec. 31 |
Full year |
Est. 05-07 |
|
2000 |
.49 |
.62 |
.80 |
.45 |
2.36 |
|
|
2001 |
.48 |
.68 |
.80 |
.49 |
2.45 |
|
|
2002 |
.46 |
.67 |
.86 |
.56 |
2.55 |
|
|
2003 |
.47 |
.68 |
.90 |
.55 |
2.60 |
|
|
2004 |
.50 |
.72 |
.95 |
.58 |
2.75 |
3.30 |
Quarterly Dividends Paid Per Share
|
Year |
March 31 |
June 30 |
Sept. 30 |
Dec. 31 |
Full year |
Est. 05-07 |
|
2000 |
.335 |
.355 |
.355 |
.355 |
1.40 |
|
|
2001 |
.355 |
.38 |
.38 |
.38 |
1.50 |
|
|
2002 |
.38 |
.405 |
.405 |
.405 |
1.60 |
|
|
2003 |
.405 |
.43 |
.43 |
.43 |
1.70 |
|
|
2004 |
.43 |
1.90 |
2.25 |
|
Annual Rates |
Past 10 yrs. |
Past 5 yrs. |
Estimated 99-01 to 05-07 |
|
Revenue |
1.5% |
5.5% |
5% |
|
Cash Flows |
6.5% |
8% |
4% |
|
Earnings |
6% |
6.5% |
5% |
|
Dividends |
7.5% |
6.5% |
6% |
|
Book Value |
4.5% |
3.5% |
5.5% |
|
ROE |
16.2% |
FMS SECURITIES CASE B - Questions
1.) Entergy Corp. has $54,956,000 of preferred stock
outstanding.
a.) Suppose its Series A, which has a $100 par value and pays a 4.32 percent cumulative dividend, currently sells for $48.00 per share. What is its nominal expected rate of return? It’s effective annual rate of return? (Hint: Remember that dividends are paid quarterly. Also, assume that this issue is perpetual.)
b.) Suppose a Series F, with a $100 par value and a 9.75 percent cumulative dividend, has a mandatory sinking fund provision. 60,000 of the 300,000 total shares outstanding must be redeemed annually at par beginning at the end of 2004. If the nominal required rate of return is 8.0 percent, what is the current (January 1, 2004) value per share?
2.) Now consider Entergy Corp.’s common stock. Value Line estimates Entergy Corp.’s 5- year dividend growth rate to be 6.0 percent. Assume that Entergy Corp.’s stock traded on January 1, 2003 for $22.26. Assume for now that the 6.0 percent growth rate is expected to continue indefinitely.
a.) What was Entergy Corp.’s expected rate of return at the
beginning of 2003? Value Line estimate Entergy Corp.’s
dividends to be $1.80 at the start of 2003.
b.) What was the expected dividend yield and expected capital gains yield on January 1,
2003? Describe the relationship between dividend yield and capital gains yield over time under constant growth assumptions.
3.) What conditions must hold to use the constant growth
(Gordon) model? Do many “real world” stocks satisfy the constant
growth assumptions?
4.) Suppose you believe that Entergy Corp.’s 6.0 percent dividend growth rate will only hold
5 years. After that, the dividend growth rate will return to Entergy Corp.’s historical 10-year
average of 7.5 percent. Note that D6 = D5 x 1.075. (Use to
answer questions 4-8)
a.) What was the value of Entergy Corp.’s stock on January 1, 2003 (the end of 2002), if the required rate of return is 13.5 percent? Remember this value you calculate does
not have to agree with the market value of $22.26.
5.)
a.) What is the expected stock price at the end of 2003 (beginning of 2004) assuming
that the stock is in equilibrium?
b.) What is the expected stock price at the end of 2004 (beginning of 2005) assuming
that the stock is in equilibrium?
6.) What is the expected dividend yield, capital gains yield, and total return for 2003?
Hint: You need the expected January 1, 2003 price to compute.
7.) Suppose Entergy Corp.’s dividend was expected to remain constant at $1.80 for the next 5 years and then grow at a constant 6 percent rate. If the required rate of return is 13.5 percent, would Entergy Corp.’s stock value be higher or lower than your answer in Problem 4?
8.) Entergy Corp.’s stock price was $22.26 at the beginning of 2003. Using the growth rates given in the introduction to this question, what is the stock’s expected rate of
return?
9.) Based on the information provided in Value-Line Tables is the assumed 6 % growth rate reasonable? What has been the trend?
10.) Given Value-Line’s ROE estimated for 2005 through 2007 and at the projected
earnings and dividends per share for the same period.
Hint: Think of the formula g = br = (Retention ratio)(ROE)
In: Finance
A university is trying to determine what price to charge for tickets to football games. At a price of $27 per ticket, attendance averages 40,000 people per game. Every decrease of $33 adds 10,000 people to the average number. Every person at the game spends an average of $4.50 on concessions. What price per ticket should be charged in order to maximize revenue? How many people will attend at that price?
In: Math
Describe 3 factors that contribute to a subtractive language context, language shift, and eventually language death. Explain how they contribute to a subtractive language situation.
In: Psychology