1a. If you were a Chief Financial Officer (CFO), please identify the five tools/techniques learned in management accounting that can be used in your company? Please also briefly explain why.

1b. The sales budget is provided below for the product of Company ABC.

1. Finished goods at the end of each month must be 20% of the next month’s budgeted sales.
2. On Dec 31 of the last year, the finished goods totaled 3,000 units.
3. The selling price is $1 per unit.
4. 70% of the credit sales are collected in the month of sale, 25% in the month following sale, and the remainder are uncollectible.

Prepare a budget showing the required production each month for January, February, March, and the quarter.

Prepare the cash collection for each month for January, February, March, and the quarter.

Case study#1: From Housing Bubble to Housing Bust

The United States experienced rising home ownership rates for most of the last two decades. Between 1990 and 2006, the U.S. housing market grew. Homeownership rates grew from 64% to a high of over 69% between 2004 and 2005. For many people, this was a period in which they could either buy first homes or buy a larger and more expensive home. During this time mortgage values tripled. Housing became more accessible to Americans and was considered to be a safe financial investment. The housing bubble began to show signs of bursting in 2005, as delinquency and late payments began to grow and an oversupply of new homes on the market became apparent. Dropping home values contributed to a decrease in the overall wealth of the household sector and caused homeowners to pull back on spending. Several mortgage lenders were forced to file for bankruptcy because homeowners were not making their payments, and by 2008 the problem had spread throughout the financial markets. Lenders clamped down on credit and the housing bubble burst. Financial markets were now in crisis and unable or unwilling to even extend credit to credit-worthy customers.

The housing bubble and the crisis in the financial markets were major contributors to the Great Recession that led to unemployment rates over 10% and falling GDP. While the United States is still recovering from the impact of the Great Recession, it has made substantial progress in restoring financial market stability through the implementation of aggressive fiscal and monetary policy.

The economic history of the United States is cyclical in nature with recessions and expansions. Some of these fluctuations are severe, such as the economic downturn experienced during Great Depression of the 1930’s which lasted several years. Why does the economy grow at different rates in different years? What are the causes of the cyclical behavior of the economy? This chapter will introduce an important model, the aggregate demand–aggregate supply model, to begin our understanding of why economies expand and contract over time.

Question: Analyze the above Case Study from the Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Theory.

What is the present value of $100 per month at a discount rate of 6%, if the first payment is received 5 years from now and the last payment is received 18 years from now?

Given a 6 percent discount rate compounded quarterly, what is the present value of a perpetuity of $100 per month if the first payment does not begin until the end of year five?

You are planning to save for retirement over the next 25 years. To do this, you will invest $3,000 a quarter in a stock account and $1,000 a quarter in a bond account. These investments will be made at the beginning of each quarter. The return of the stock account is expected to be 8%, and the bond account will pay 4%. When you retire, you will combine your money into an account with a 6% return. How much can you withdraw each month (starting one month from the retirement date) from your account assuming a 20-year withdrawal period?

The following data relate to the operations of Shilow Company, a wholesale distributor of consumer goods:

The gross margin is 25% of sales.

Actual and budgeted sales data:

Sales are 60% for cash and 40% on credit. Credit sales are collected in the month following sale. The accounts receivable at March 31 are a result of March credit sales.

Each month’s ending inventory should equal 80% of the following month’s budgeted cost of goods sold.

One-half of a month’s inventory purchases is paid for in the month of purchase; the other half is paid for in the following month. The accounts payable at March 31 are the result of March purchases of inventory.

Monthly expenses are as follows: commissions, 12% of sales; rent, $3,500 per month; other expenses (excluding depreciation), 6% of sales. Assume that these expenses are paid monthly. Depreciation is $873 per month (includes depreciation on new assets).

Equipment costing $2,700 will be purchased for cash in April.

Management would like to maintain a minimum cash balance of at least $4,000 at the end of each month. The company has an agreement with a local bank that allows the company to borrow in increments of $1,000 at the beginning of each month, up to a total loan balance of $20,000. The interest rate on these loans is 1% per month and for simplicity we will assume that interest is not compounded. The company would, as far as it is able, repay the loan plus accumulated interest at the end of the quarter.

Required:

Using the data above:

1. Complete the following schedule.

Complete the following:

Complete the following cash budget: (Borrow and repay in increments of $1,000. Cash deficiency, repayments and interest should be indicated by a minus sign.)

Prepare an absorption costing income statement for the quarter ended June 30.

Explain the factors contributing to patients' risk of falling.

Revenue and expense data for Innovation Quarter Inc. for two recent years are as follows:

a. Prepare an income statement in comparative form, stating each item for both years as a percent of sales. If required, round percentages to one decimal place. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

b. The vertical analysis indicates that the cost of goods sold as a percent of sales   by 5 percentage points, while selling expenses   by 2 percentage points, and administrative expenses   by 1 percentage points. Thus, net income as a percent of sales   by 2 percentage points.

Revenue and expense data for Innovation Quarter Inc. for two recent years are as follows:

a. Prepare an income statement in comparative form, stating each item for both years as a percent of sales. If required, round percentages to one decimal place. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

b. The vertical analysis indicates that the cost of goods sold as a percent of sales by 5 percentage points, while selling expenses by 2 percentage points, and administrative expenses by 1 percentage points. Thus, net income as a percent of sales by 3 percentage points.

When an object is falling because of gravity, the following formula can be used to determine the distance the object falls in a specific time period:
d=1/2 gt^2
The variables in the formula are as follows:
d is the distance in meters,
g is 9.8,
t is the amount of time, in seconds, that the object has been falling.
Design a function named calcFallingDistance that accepts an object’s falling time (in seconds) as an argument. The function should return the distance, in meters, that the object has fallen during that time interval.
Design a program that calls the function in a loop that passes the values 1 through 10 as arguments and displays the return value.

 

FIFO Perpetual Inventory

The beginning inventory at Dunne Co. and data on purchases and sales for a three-month period ending June 30 are as follows:

Required:

1. Record the inventory, purchases, and cost of goods sold data in a perpetual inventory record similar to the one illustrated in Exhibit 3, using the first-in, first-out method. Under FIFO, if units are in inventory at two different costs, enter the units with the LOWER unit cost first in the Cost of Goods Sold Unit Cost column and in the Inventory Unit Cost column.

2. Determine the total sales and the total cost of goods sold for the period. Journalize the entries in the sales and cost of goods sold accounts. Assume that all sales were on account.

3. Determine the gross profit from sales for the period.

5. Based upon the preceding data, would you expect the ending inventory using the A method of inventory costing based on the assumption that the most recent inventory costs should be charged against revenue.last-in, first-out method to be higher or lower?