Please prepare a PowerPoint presentation of the following case.

During the late 1980s, the decline in Akron’s tire industry, inflation, and changes in governmental priorities almost resulted in the permanent closing of the Akron Children’s Zoo. Lagging attendance and a low level of memberships did not help matters. Faced with uncertain prospects of continuing, the city of Akron opted out of the zoo business. In response, the Akron Zoological Park was organized as a corporation to contract with the city to operate the zoo.

The Akron Zoological Park is an independent organization that manages the Akron Children’s Zoo for the city. To be successful, the Zoo must maintain its image as a high-quality place for its visitors to spend their time. Its animal exhibits are clean and neat. The animals, birds, and reptiles are carefully looked after. As resources become available for construction and continuing operations, the Zoo keeps adding new exhibits and activities. Efforts seem to be working, because attendance increased from 53,353 in 1989 to an all-time record of 133,762 in 1994.

Due to its northern climate, the Zoo conducts its open season from mid-April until mid-October. It reopens for one week at Halloween and for the month of December. Zoo attendance depends largely on the weather. For example, attendance was down during the month of December 1995, which established many local records for the coldest temperatures and the most snow. Variations in weather also affect crop yields and prices for fresh animal foods, thereby influencing the costs of animal maintenance.

In normal circumstances, the zoo may be able to achieve its target goal and attract an annual attendance equal to 40% of its community. Akron has not grown appreciably during the past decade. But the Zoo became known as an innovative community resource, and as indicated in the table, annual paid attendance has doubled. Approximately 35% of all visitors are adults. Children account for one-half of the paid attendance. Group admissions remain a constant 15% of zoo attendance.

The Zoo does not have an advertising budget. To gain exposure in its market, the Zoo depends on public service announcements, its public television series, and local press coverage of its activities and social happenings. Many of these activities are but a few years old. They are a strong reason that annual zoo attendance has increased. Although the Zoo is a nonprofit organization, it must ensure that its sources of income equal or exceed its operating and physical plant costs. Its continued existence remains totally dependent on its ability to generate revenues and to reduce its expenses.

Source: Professor F. Bruce Simmons III, University of Akron.

Questions

1. The president of the Akron Zoo asked you to calculate the expected gate admittance figures and revenues for both 1999 and 2000. Would simple linear regression analysis be the appropriate forecasting technique?
2. What factors other than admission price influence annual attendance and should be considered in the forecast?

• What is the importance of knowing the steps involved in creating an image? Why can’t the technologist just place the patient under the collimator light and press the exposure button?
• How many different types of X-ray machines will you be working with as a student technologist or as a technologist? What should you expect to be similar, and what may be different?

Case study 3

L.G   is a 5 year old boy who is being seen in the pediatric clinic for a yearly physical:

Subjective Data:

Patient is accomplished by parient(mother)

Mother states child takes no medication and is healthy

Patient attends preschool

Plays T-ball

No smokers in the house

Lives with mother and father

Objective Data:

Vital signs: T 37, P 124, R 12, BP 104/64

Weight : 35lb

HT 52 inches

Immunization: up to date

Question:

1. What should the nurse include in the general inspection of this patient?

2. what observation are important regarding physical appearance and hygiene?

3. What baseline indicators are necessary for this patient/

4. Are the vital signs within normal limits? Why or why not?

5. How should a 5 years old be assessed?

6. What teaching is appropriate for this age group?

At birth, Baby Joe appeared to be a normal, healthy baby boy. Both of his parents were in their late twenties and were healthy as well. At four weeks of age, Joe developed a middle-ear infection (called otitis media). He suffered from recurrent ear infections over the next three months, which required antibiotic treatment. Joe’s pediatrician recommended placing tubes in Joe’s ears to provide drainage of the fluid resulting from the infections. Cultures of the drainage fluid showed the presence of Haemophilus influenza, a pathogen commonly found in ear infections in infants. Starting at three months of age, Joe had four bouts of diarrhea which persisted for 3-5 days each time. Joe also was not gaining weight as rapidly as was expected during this time. This reduced weight gain and growth is referred to as “failure to thrive.” When Joe was four months old, he developed another ear infection, this one more severe than the previous infections. Joe’s parents took him to see his pediatrician, Dr. Smith. During the visit, Joe’s mother mentioned that when changing the baby’s diapers she had noticed an unusual, unpleasant odor to his urine. Dr. Smith ordered a culture of the fluid draining from Joe’s ears. Th is time, the ear drainage fluid cultures revealed the presence of Pseudomonas aeroginosa, a bacterium which is not typically present in infant ear infections. In addition, Dr. Smith determined that Joe was also suffering from a bladder infection, which caused an unpleasant odor in his urine. Questions Given the information presented above, what do you suspect is the underlying cause or causes of Joe’s health problems? Do you think the cause is genetic, environmental, or both? How might these health problems cause Joe’s slow weight gain (also called “failure to thrive”)?

Questions

1. Which types of cells are the most affected in Joe’s case? Based on this information, determine which branch of the immune system (innate or acquired) is most compromised?

2. Do you think that Joe has normal levels of antibodies present in his blood? Would they be increased or decreased? Why?

3. Use the concepts listed below to re-create the order of B cells activation and their actions when they encounter the bacterium p.aeroginosa.

•B cells become activated and proliferate (i.e. make more copies of B cells specific to p.aeroginosa).

•Activated helper T cells interact with the B cells.

•Antibodies bind to p. aeruginosa and facilitate phagocytosis via opsonisation.

•Plasma cells secrete antibodies specific to p. aeruginosa.

•Plasma cells die via apoptosis; memory cells survive in lymph nodes.

•B cells present an antigen determinant from p. aeruginosa on an MHC II molecule.

•B cells differentiate into plasma cells or into memory cel

An 8 year old boy was admitted to the emergency room with severe breathing problems. He had previously been playing at a friends house and developed nausea, vomiting and respiratory difficulty several hours after returning home.

The following lab data were obtained upon admission:

Sodium: 143 mmol/L

Potassium: 3.6 mmol/L

Chloride: 96 mmol/L

Bicarbonate: 10 mmol/L

pCO2: 25 mmHg

BUN: 31 mg/dL

Glucose: 82 mg/dL

pH: 7.22

Measured Osmolality: 292 mOsm/kg

Additional laboratory testing revealed the following data:

Drug screen = negative

Salicylate level = 82 mg/dL

Ethanol was not measured and assumed to be 0 since there was no indication that the child was intoxicated. Using a Done nomogram, the salicylate level plotted against the time of ingestion, indicated the child had a toxic drug level.

QUESTION: Explain the mechanism of the salicylate toxicity that would account for these lab data.

11. A] A young boy is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia (skin paleness, fatigue, dizziness and enlarged spleen and liver), a
recessive, X-linked condition. If neither parent has sideroblastic anemia, what are their genotypes?
B] An A/a; B/b dihybrid is test-crossed, and ¼ of the progeny phenotypically resembles the dihybrid parent, while ¾
resembles the tester parent. If the dihybrid parent was selfed, what would be the expected phenotypic ratio in the
progeny?
C] Two strains of S. cerevisae (yeast) are crossed of genotype a ; B and A ; b (the two genes are on different
chromosomes and therefore independently assort). If a and b are synthetic lethal, what percentage of sexual spores
would you find in a non-parental ditype (NPD) ascus from this cross ?

A 7-year old boy went to the laboratory experiencing irritability and lack of sleep due to perianal pruritus. His CBC revealed increase in WBC with Eosinophilia. After sample collection, macroscopic examination revealed small, whitish and thin roundworms. Microscopic examination revealed transparent, elongate to oval and flattened on one side ova.

Questions to answer:

1. What would most likely be the disease and causative agent? Enumerate the common name/s.

2. What laboratory technique is used to collect and identify this parasite?

3. When is the best time for collection? Explain.

4. What are the sample of choice for this parasite?

5. What are the prevention and control for this parasite?

Kevin is a 6-year-old boy who is brought in for evaluation by his parents. The parents are concerned that he has a really deep cough that he just can’t seem to get over. The history reveals that he was in his usual state of good health until approximately 1 week ago when he developed a profound cough. His parents say that it is deep and sounds like he is barking. He coughs so hard that sometimes he actually vomits. The cough is productive for mucus, but there is no blood in it. Kevin has had a low-grade temperature but nothing really high. His parents do not have a thermometer and don’t know for sure how high it got. His past medical history is negative. He has never had childhood asthma or RSV. His mother says that they moved around a lot in his first 2 years and she is not sure that his immunizations are up to date. She does not have a current vaccination record.

What is the respiratory disorder and underlying alteration and pathophysiology of the alteration associated with the type of cough described?