how to use the four business cycle theories of new keynesianism, real business cycle theory, monetarist theory and Austrian school to respectively explain the occurrence of the great recession and whether appropriate fiscal and monetary policy measures have been taken?

1. You’ve implemented the Academic Database in a local school in your community. The school’s administrator decides, there’s no need for database backup and recovery plan because all their computers are new. Explain in 100 to 150 words why there needs to be a disaster recovery plan.

Tim and Rebekah have five girls and they are planning to have their sixth and last child in the fall. Tim is very concerned that his bloodline will be lost as he has only daughters and no sons. He is the only boy in his family and so he feels that unless he has a son, his name will not be passed on to the next generation. Tim reads about a new technology that allows you to test embryos before implanting to select for various traits, including sex. He feels that it might be worth it not to leave it to chance to see if the last child will finally be a boy.

Consider the above scenario and determine whether you feel Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis technique should be used by Tim and Rebekah to select for a boy.

100 words.

Step 4: Create a class called BabyNamesDatabase

This class maintains an ArrayList of BabyName objects.

Instance Variables

• Declare an ArrayList of BabyName objects.

Constructor

• public BabyNamesDatabase () - instantiate the ArrayList of BabyName objects. You will not insert the items yet. This method will be one line of code.

Mutator Methods

• public void readBabyNameData(String filename) - open the provided filename given as input parameter, use a loop to read all the data in the file, create a BabyName object for each record and add it to the ArrayList. We are providing most of the code for this method. Look for the TO DO comments to complete the logic.

Background Information: Reading from a Text File

The data file contains baby name records from the U.S. Social Security Administration since 1880. The readBabyNameData() method reads four items that are separated by commas, passes them to the BabyName class constructor and adds the BabyName object to the ArrayList.

Sample record: Mary,F,7065,1880

public void readBabyNameData(String filename){

     // Read the full set of data from a text file

     try{

          // open the text file and use a Scanner to read the text

          FileInputStream fileByteStream = new FileInputStream(filename);

          Scanner scnr = new Scanner(fileByteStream);

          scnr.useDelimiter("[,\r\n]+");

          // keep reading as long as there is more data

          while(scnr.hasNext()) {

               // reads each element of the record

               String name = scnr.next();

               String gender = scnr.next();

               // TO DO: read the count and year

               int count = ;

               int year = ;

               // TO DO: assign true/false to boolean isFemale based on

               // the gender String

               boolean isFemale;

               // instantiates an object of the BabyName class

               BabyName babyName = new BabyName(name, isFemale, count, year);

               // TO DO: add to the ArrayList the babyName created above

          }

          fileByteStream.close();

     }

     catch(IOException e) {

          System.out.println("Failed to read the data file: " + filename);

     }

}

Accessor Methods

• public int countAllNames () - return the number of baby names using one line of code.  
• public int countAllGirls() – Use a for-each loop to search the full list and count the total number of girls born since 1880. This number will be much higher than just the number of girl names since each name represents hundreds, if not thousands, of newborn babies.
• public int countAllBoys() – Use a for-each loop to search the full list and count the total number of boys since 1880. This number will be much higher than just the number of boy names since each name represents hundreds, if not thousands, of newborn babies.
• public ArrayList <BabyName> searchForYear(int year) – Use a for-each loop to search the full list and return a new list of baby names that match the requested year (in the parameter). If there is no match for the year, the returned list will exist but have zero elements.
• public BabyName mostPopularGirl(int year) – use a for-each loop to navigate the list of baby names and return the most popular girl name for that specific year. Return null if there are no baby names for the year entered as input parameter.
• public BabyName mostPopularBoy(int year) – use a for-each loop to navigate the list of baby names and return the most popular boy name for that specific year. Return null if there are no baby names for the year entered as input parameter.
• public ArrayList <BabyName> searchForName(String name) – Use a for-each loop to search the full list and return a new list of baby names that match the requested name (in the parameter). Spelling should match exactly but it is not case sensitive. For example, ‘Angie’, ‘angie’ and ‘ANGIE’ all match. Hint, check out the String method called equalsIgnoreCase(String str). If there are no matches for the name, the returned list will exist but have zero elements.

Step 5: Generate a Top Ten List

To generate a top ten list for a particular year your solution must be able to sort names in descending order by number of births. This requires changes to the BabyName and BabyNamesDatabase classes.

Changes to BabyName class

• Add two words to the end of the class header (shown below). You will need to import a new java package for this to compile. This allows BabyName objects to be compared using compareTo() and therefore sorted.

public class BabyName implements Comparable{

• Also, add the following method. This method allows two BabyName objects to be compared with respect to the number of births.

IMPORTANT NOTE: For the compareTo method below, we are assuming that the name of the instance variable for the number of births is count.

               public int compareTo(Object other){

     BabyName b = (BabyName) other;

     return (b.count – count);

   }

Changes to BabyNamesDatabase class

NOTE: Sorting an ArrayList, called tempList, can be performed with one line of code:

   Collections.sort(tempList);

• Change the searchForYear method. Use the instruction shown above to sort the ArrayList of BabyName objects that this method returns before returning it.

• public ArrayList <BabyName> topTenNames(int year) – search the full list and return a new list of the ten most popular baby names in a given year entered as input parameter. The returned list will exist but have zero elements if there are no records for the specified year. Otherwise, it will have ten names. Avoid duplicating code by calling the searchForYear method to first select all names in the year.  

Once you have the list of all names in the year sorted in descending order by the count of births, you can do any of these three options to figure out the top ten baby names for that year

• you can remove all items from the temporary list except the first ten before returning the result. Use a for loop that goes backwards if you want to use this option.
• you may create another temporary list and add to this new list only the first 10 records from the list of all names in the year.
• you may use the subList and removeAll methods of the ArrayList class. See Java API for documentation on how to use these two methods.

BABY NAME JAVA CODE

package pranam; // imported some imaginary package

import java.text.DecimalFormat; // imported Decimal Format

public class Babyname { // create class Babyname
   private static final String girls = null; // create string of girls (constant
   private static final String named = null;
   private static final String in = null;
   String name;
   boolean gender;
   int number_of_babies_given_that_name;
   int birth_year;
  
   public Babyname(String name, boolean gender,   
           int number_of_babies_given_that_name, int birth_year) { //defined a constructor
       super();
       this.name = name;
       this.gender = gender;
       this.number_of_babies_given_that_name = number_of_babies_given_that_name;
       this.birth_year = birth_year;
      
   }

   public String getName() { // Getters and setters for the functions
       return name;
   }

   public void setName(String name) {
       this.name = name;
   }

   public boolean isGender() {
       return gender;
   }

   public void setGender(boolean gender) {
       this.gender = gender;
   }

   public int getNumber_of_babies_given_that_name() {
       return number_of_babies_given_that_name;
   }

   public void setNumber_of_babies_given_that_name(
           int number_of_babies_given_that_name) {
       this.number_of_babies_given_that_name = number_of_babies_given_that_name;
   }

   public int getBirth_year() {
       return birth_year;
   }

   public void setBirth_year(int birth_year) {
       this.birth_year = birth_year;
   }
  
   public boolean isFemale(){ // generate the isFemale function
       if(gender=true)
           return true;
       else
           return false;
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() { // Generate the toString function
       DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat ("###,###,###");
      
      
       return " ["
               + number_of_babies_given_that_name + " " + "girls" +" "
               + "named" +" "+ name +" "+ "in" + ","+ birth_year + "]";
   }

}

World

Enterprises is determined to report earnings per share of $2.80. It therefore acquires the Wheelrim and Axle Company. There are no gains from merging. In exchange for Wheelrim and Axle shares, World Enterprises issues just enough of its own shares to ensure its $2.80 earnings per share objective.

a. Complete the table below for the merged firm. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round "Price per share" and "Price-earnings ratio" to 2 decimal places and other answers to the nearest whole number.)

b. How many shares of World Enterprises are exchanged for each share of Wheelrim and Axle?

c. What is the cost of the merger to World Enterprises? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar.)

d. What is the change in the total value of the World Enterprises shares that were outstanding before the merger? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest whole dollar. Enter your answer as a positive value.)

Proterra was founded by Dale Hill in 2004 with a vision to design and manufacture world-leading, advanced technology heavy-duty vehicles powered solely by clean domestic fuels. After launching a first successful fleet of alternative fuel buses in the 1990s, Proterra focused on developing the 'bus of tomorrow.' Proterra Inc. also designs and manufactures heavy-duty vehicles including EcoRide, a battery electric and zero-emissions bus, and Proterra Catalyst, an electric transit vehicle. The company manufactures a TerraFlex Energy System that enables customers to select amount and type of energy storage to meet specific route requirements, plus TerraVolt fast-charge batteries, TerraVolt extended range batteries, an on-route charge station and in-depot charging services. It offers financing solutions, route simulation analysis, battery lifecycle management, and standard warranty services (Proterra, 2015). It serves customers throughout the United States. The company is privately owned, but is in the process of becoming a public corporation. With this expectation, the firm's chief executive officer (CEO) has asked for determination of which of two companies appears to be a better peer to compare itself against, New Flyer Industries, Inc. (a Toronto-based firm), or Tesla. Tesla Motor Vehicles designs, develops, manufactures, and sells high-performance fully electric vehicles and stationary energy storage units similar to certain Proterra products. Tesla Motors has subsidiaries in North America, Europe and Asia, with the primary purpose of these subsidiaries being to market, manufacture, sell and/or service their vehicles (Tesla Motors, 2016). New Flyer was founded in 1930, and is now the largest transit bus and motorcoach manufacturer and parts distributor in North America with fabrication, manufacturing, distribution and service centers in Canada and the United States. It is North America's heavy-duty transit bus leader and offers clean diesel, natural gas, diesel-electric hybrid, electric-trolley and battery-electric. Information regarding Tesla and New Flyer is given here, for your use in comparing these firms.

Tesla Versus New Flyer

Significance

Measure

TSLA

NFI

Total Market Value of all outstanding shares.

Market capitalization

33.63B

1.831B

Number of outstanding shares currently held by all shareholders.

Outstanding shares of stock

147.28M

59.742M

A Beta coefficient indicates the systemic risk that an asset has relative to an average asset. A risk-free asset has a Beta of zero.

Beta

1.28

0.16

The return the firm must earn on its existing assets to maintain the value of its stock, and the required return on any investments by the firm that have essentially the same risks as existing operations.

WACC

9.03%

8.34

PE ratio divided by expected future earnings growth (after multiplying the growth rate by 100).

PEG Ratio

18.47

0.5

A measure of profit per dollar of assets.

ROA

-7.04%

6.26%

A measure of how the stockholders fared during the year.

ROE

-113.20%

13.21%

A measure of how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of current earnings. Higher PEs are often taken to mean the firm has significant prospects for future growth.

P/E Ratio

-29.17

25.3

Ratio of Net income to sales.

Profit Margin

-23.91%

-3.83%

References

Bloomberg. United States rates and bonds.

Federal Reserve. (2016). Federal Reserve economic data.

Korosec, K. (2015). This startup is gearing up to be the Tesla of electric buses. Fortune Magazine.

Proterra. (2015). About Proterra.

Securities and Exchange Commission. (n.d.) SEC.gov home.

Tesla Motors. (2016). Tesla Motors, Inc. 2016 annual report.

Yahoo. (n.d.) Yahoo finance.

Assume that you are the finance manager for Proterra and you have been asked to provide an analysis of the following issues, as the firm develops benchmarks for its cost of capital (WACC) estimates. The firm's CEO has instructed you to use the pure play approach to estimate its WACC cost of capital, and has chosen Tesla Motors (ticker symbol TSLA) and New Flyer (ticker symbol NYI.TO) as possible representative peers (Korosec, 2015). You will deliver your analysis in the form of a memo, or formal communication addressed to the firm's CEO. In this discussion, you are to present this memo in which you:

QUESTION:

Using the information provided here and speaking of Finance Director of Proterra, brief the firm's CEO, analyzing: Analyze the relative applicability or inapplicability of utilizing these firms as peers to evaluate Proterra's likely cost of capital, given what you know about Proterra, Tesla and New Flyer, and the lessons of Capital Market History.

The mayor of a town has proposed a plan for the annexation of an adjoining bridge. A political study took a sample of 1500 voters in the town and found that 47% of the residents favored annexation. Using the data, a political strategist wants to test the claim that the percentage of residents who favor annexation is above 44%. Determine the P-value of the test statistic. Round your answer to four decimal places.