1. Write a standalone function partyVolume() that takes accepts one argument, a string containing the name of a file. The objective of the function is to determine the a Volume object that is the result of many people at a party turning the Volume up and down. More specifically: the first line of the file is a number that indicates the initial value of a Volume object. The remaining lines consist of a single character followed by a space followed by a number. The character will be one of ‘U” or ‘D’ which stand for “up” and “down” respectively. The function will create a new Volume object and then process each line of the file by calling the appropriate method of the Volume object which changes the value of the Volume. The function then returns the final Volume object.   Guidelines/hints:
   1. This is a standalone function, it should NOT be inside (indented within) the class. It should be listed in the module after the Volume class and without indentation.
   2. Note that the first line of the file will be treated differently than all the other lines. Probably the easiest way to do this is to 1) open the file, 2) call the .readline() method (no s!) which reads a single line, the initial value of the Volume, then 3) call the .readlines() method which reads the rest of the lines. Item 2) will be used to set the initial Volume and 3) will be iterated over to represent turning the volume up and down some number of time.
   3. Make sure you return the final Volume object.

##### Volume #####

# set and get

>>> v = Volume()

>>> v.set(5.3)

>>> v

Volume(5.3)

>>> v.get()

5.3

>>> v.get()==5.3 # return not print

True

>>>

# __init__, __repr__, up, down

>>> v = Volume(4.5) # set Volume with value

>>> v

Volume(4.5)

>>> v.up(1.4)

>>> v

Volume(5.9)

>>> v.up(6) # should max out at 11

>>> v

Volume(11)

>>> v.down(3.5)

>>> v

Volume(7.5)

>>> v.down(10) # minimum must be 0

>>> v

Volume(0)

# default arguments for __init__

>>> v = Volume() # Volume defaults to 0

>>> v

Volume(0)

# can compare Volumes using ==

>>> # comparisons

>>> v = Volume(5)

>>> v.up(1.1)

>>> v == Volume(6.1)

True

>>> Volume(3.1) == Volume(3.2)

False

# constructor cannot set the Volume greater

# than 11 or less than 0

>>> v = Volume(20)

>>> v

Volume(11)

>>> v = Volume(-1)

>>> v

Volume(0)

>>>

##### partyVolume #####

>>> partyVolume('party1.txt')

Volume(4)

>>> partyVolume('party2.txt')

Volume(3.75)

>>> partyVolume('party3.txt')

Volume(0.75)

# make sure return not print

>>> partyVolume('party1.txt')==Volume(4) # return not print

True

>>> partyVolume('party2.txt')==Volume(3.75)

True

>>> partyVolume('party3.txt')==Volume(0.75)

True

use python3.7

Instructions: Following all scenarios, please copy and answer the questions asked regarding each scenario in the spaces provided.

Horror in Mumbai
In just a few months, India has gone from a land of economic miracle, charging ahead at 9% annual growth, to a nation in apparent disarray. First the global crisis dealt a blow. Then the Nov. 26 terror attacks in Mumbai, which left nearly 200 dead and hundreds injured, highlighted India's political, security, and intelligence failures. Foreign investors may steer clear for a time, and business in general may slow as Indians lose confidence in their government.   (Edited by Harry Maurer & Cristina Linblad)

Note: STUDENTS WILL COPY THE BELOW TEXT AND PASTE WITH THE CORRESPONDING ANSWERS

Q1: Which model is most appropriate to use for analyzing this scenario?

A1:

Q2: Why did you choose this model?

A2:

Q3: List the salient components of the article.

A3:

Q4: List how the article above relates to the component.

A4:

An infinitely long solid insulating cylinder of radius a = 5.6 cm is positioned with its symmetry axis along the z-axis as shown. The cylinder is uniformly charged with a charge density ρ = 45 μC/m³. Concentric with the cylinder is a cylindrical conducting shell of inner radius b = 17.9 cm, and outer radius c = 19.9 cm. The conducting shell has a linear charge density λ = -0.31μC/m.

1)

What is E_y(R), the y-component of the electric field at point R, located a distance d = 42 cm from the origin along the y-axis as shown?

N/C

2)

What is V(P) – V(R), the potential difference between points P and R? Point P is located at (x,y) = (42 cm, 42 cm).

V

3)

What is V(c) - V(a), the potentital difference between the outer surface of the conductor and the outer surface of the insulator?

V

4)

Defining the zero of potential to be along the z-axis (x = y = 0), what is the sign of the potential at the surface of the insulator?

V(a) < 0

V(a) = 0

V(a) > 0

5)

The charge density of the insulating cylinder is now changed to a new value, ρ’ and it is found that the electric field at point P is now zero. What is the value of ρ’?

let l be the linear transformation from a vector space V where ker(L)=0 if { v1,v2,v3} are linearly independent vectors on V prove {Lv1,Lv2,Lv3} are linearly independent vectors in V

The general demand function for Sobolo on campus is where QD is quantity demanded of good Sobolo each month, PA is price of Sobolo, M is students income, PB is price of related good Brukina, T is students taste index, PE is price students expect to pay next month for good A, and N is number of buyers in the market for Sobolo. i. Interpret the intercept parameter in the general demand function. ii. What is the value of the slope parameter for the price of Sobolo? Does it have the correct algebraic sign? Why? iii. Interpret the slope parameter for income. Is Sobolo normal or inferior? Explain. iv. Are Sobolo and Brukina substitutes or complements? Explain. Interpret the slope parameter for the price of Brukina. v. Are the algebraic signs on the slope parameters for T, PE, and N correct? Explain. vi. Calculate the quantity demanded of Sobolo when PA = ¢5, M = ¢25,000, PB = ¢40, T = 6.5, PE = ¢5.25, and N = 2,000. vii. Calculate the income elasticity of demand from (vi) above and interpret your results. B. In an article about the financial problems of Daily Graphic, an economists at Valley View University indicated that the company was losing about GH¢20 million a year. The economist suggest that, the paper should raise its price from GH¢2.5 to GH¢3.5 which he estimated would bring in an additional GH¢65 million a year. The paper’s publisher rejected the idea, saying that the circulation could drop sharply after a price increase, citing The Ghanaian Times experience after it increase its price to GH¢3. What implicit assumption are the publisher and the economist making about demand elasticity? 200 QD = P 30 5 = −QS + P QD = 600 − 4PA − 0.03M − 12PB + 15T + 6PE + 1.5N

Let W be an inner product space and v1, . . . , vn a basis of V . Show that
<S, T> = <Sv1, T v1> + . . . + <Svn, T vn> for S, T ∈ L(V, W) is an inner product on L(V, W).

(a) If V1,V2⊂V show that (V2^⊥)⊂(V1^⊥) implies V1⊂V2

(b) If V1,V2⊂V , show that (V1+V2)^⊥=(V1^⊥)∩(V2^⊥) where we write V1+V2 to be the subspace of V spanned by V1 and V2 .

Prove the following:

Let V and W be vector spaces of equal (finite) dimension, and let T: V → W be linear. Then the following are equivalent.

(a) T is one-to-one.

(b) T is onto.

(c) Rank(T) = dim(V).