Scientists have hypothesized that life arose from the mix of chemical compounds present in the prebiotic soup on the Earth's surface. Experiments in labs today have shown that fatty acids can spontaneously form various organized structures, including vesicles. How does this characteristic of fatty acids work in conjunction with known early Earth conditions to suggest a potential explanation for the origin of life?

a. evidence of minerals such as iron on early Earth supports the idea that compounds such as fatty acids could have formed vesicles, trapping these minerals and forming catalytic reaction centers.

b. Evidence of simple carbon compounds such as methane on early Earth supports the idea that larger carbon compounds such as fatty acids could have spontaneously evolved.

c. Evidence of volcanic gases such as hydrogen on early Earth support the idea that the environment was highly reactive, which would have allowed fatty acids to polymerize to form much larger biomolecules.

d. Evidence of water on early Earth supports the idea that simple fatty acids could have undergone self-assemble in a watery environment to form the first cell membranes.

An explanation of your answer would be greatly appreciated.

1.

Which of the following events does not occur in PCR?    

Group of answer choices

A the DNA is denatured by high temperature

B the amount of DNA would double during each cycle, resulting in 8 times the original amount of DNA after 3 cycles

C Taq DNA polymerase and deoxyribonucleotides are used to elongate the primer strand of DNA

D the mixture is heated to allow primers to complementary base pair to the deoxyribonucleotides

2.

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

Group of answer choices

A in RNA, the sugar is deoxyribose, in DNA it is ribose

B No answer text provided.

C in RNA the base U is used in place of T in DNA

D in RNA, the sugar is ribose, instead of DNA it is deoxyribose

3.

a- (two words) ____ _____is the enzyme used in DNA fingerprinting

b- _____ blotting technique in used in DNA fingerprinting

c- Upon electrophoresis, DNA will migrate towards the ________ pole.

4.

In the dideoxy DNA sequencing method, the enzyme used is RNA polymerase.

Group of answer choices

True

False

5.

Meiosis occurs in one division and results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical.

Group of answer choices

True

False

6.

In a female, the inactivated Y chromosome is an example of heterochromatin.

Group of answer choices

True

False

7.

On a human chromosome, the long arm is called the "p arm" and the short arm is the "q arm."

Group of answer choices

True

False

1)Cell walls are rigid and resist expansion, which allows the pressure to build inside a cell when it absorbs water. The force exerted by pressing water against the cell wall is called [BLANK1], which is a key feature that allows plants to stand upright.

2)Prokaryotes concentrate DNA in a discrete region of the cell interior known as the BLANK . They often contain additional small circular molecules of DNA known as BLANK that carry a small number of genes that are commonly transferred between bacteria through thread-like hollow structures known as BLANK . Genes for antibiotic resistance are transferred, which accounts for the quick spread of antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations.

3)The [1BLANK] is a rigid structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some organisms to help maintain the cell shape and volume and also functions in support and protection.

4)

The shape of the phospholipid structure is determined by the bulkiness of the head group relative to that of the hydrophobic tail. Lipids with bulky heads and a single hydrophobic fatty acid tail forms  spherical structures called what?

5)The BLANK and BLANK are both semi-autonomous organelles that grow and multiply independently and contain their own genomes.

6)Protein sorting is a process by which proteins end up where they need to be to perform their function.  Proteins produced by free ribosomes are often directed to their proper cellular compartments by means of particular amino acids called signal sequences.

Match the type of signal sequence used in the making of proteins that direct them to the correct cellular destination.

With names and structures, enzyme name, intermediate names, cofactor name (but not their structure) describe the anaplerotic reaction of the Krebs cycle. Describe the regulation of the enzyme, and the rationale behind this scheme

Ions of iodine react with enzyme amylase and used as quantative test for measuring quantity of amylase. However, ions of iodine react with enzyme amylopectin very slightly. Why.

In section 7.4, the textbook states that in virtually all cases, reaction rates increase with increasing temperature. The rule of thumb is that for every 10°C increase in temperature, the reaction rate doubles. Consider if this is true in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, if the temperature is increased by 10°C, what would you expect to happen?

The reaction rate slows because the enzyme partially or completely denatures at the increased temperature.

The reaction rate doubles, in accordance to the rule set forth about the relationship between reaction rate and temperature.

The reaction rate quadruples because the reaction rate for both the enzyme and substrate are affected by temperature.

Lipase is a versatile industrial enzyme that can be applied to various industries. It is one of the most important classes of hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol to diacylglycerol, fatty acids and glycerol. You are a bioprocess engineer assigned by your superior to work with a biotechnologist to provide a proposal on the upstream and downstream processing of microbial lipase targeted to the biodiesel processing application. To begin the project, you are required to present a preliminary investigation report on the following. a. Select a suitable microorganism and a lipid carbon source that can be applied to produce microbial lipase for the targeted application economically at industrial scale with justifications.

I have found a microorganism which can produce Microbial Lipase for biodiesel process application economically at industrial scale by doing research. I found out an article of microorganism name 'Streptomyces sp CS 326'.

The heading of the article says 'A neutral lipase applicable in biodiesel production from a newly isolated Streptomyces sp CS 326.'

what is meant by 'neutral lipase'? Is it different from Microbial lipase? And can i use this microorganism 'Streptomyces sp CS 326' for the production of Microbial lipase for biodiesel process application?

Write the balanced equation for each step in glycolysis (conversion of glucose into pyruvate) and calculate the free energy change (in kJ/mol) for this overall pathway.

Carl's Automotive operating income for the year was $900,000. Their net profit margin was 2.25% and their operating profit margin was 4.25%. Their total taxes amount to 40%. Depreciation was 10% of net fixed assets which totaled $1,250,000. Create their Income statement. Be sure to include all items of an income statement (operating costs, DA, Int, Taxes, etc.).

What is hydrogenation?

what are the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogenation ? Pg 75,76, 84  also refer to powerpoint

What are cis and trans fatty acids

What foods contain transfatty acids (TFA) ?