Bill has just returned from a duck hunting trip. He brought home eight ducks. Bill’s friend, John, disapproves of duck hunting, and to discourage Bill from further hunting, John presented him with the following cost estimate per duck:

Required:

1. Assuming the duck hunting trip Bill has just completed is typical, what costs are relevant to a decision as to whether Bill should go duck hunting again this season?

2. Suppose Bill gets lucky on his next hunting trip and shoots 8 ducks using the same amount of shotgun shells he used on his previous hunting trip to bag 8 ducks. How much would it have cost him to shoot the last two ducks?

law

David Harred is driving his vehicle on the freeway on Highway 89 in Utah. While David is driving, he receives a text message from his girlfriend. David’s cell phone is on his lap while he is driving. While driving, David looks down to read the text message. After David reads the text message from his girlfriend, David begins to text a response on his cell phone and is NOT watching the road. When David looks up from his phone, he runs straight into a man that is jay-walking on the Highway. The jay-walker is named Larry. Upon David hitting Larry with his vehicle, Larry is thrown several feet. David stops his vehicle, slams on the breaks, jumps out of his car, runs to Larry, and calls the police and 911. Luckily, Larry survived the accident. However, Larry suffers from a broken leg and broken arm and also suffers a head injury. From the accident, David is also hurt and suffers from a fractured rib and two broken fingers from the accident. Larry’s medical damages equate to $35,000. David’s medical damages equate to $15,000. About one month later, Larry sues David in District Court for $35,000 in damages due to the accident. Larry claims that David is liable for being negligent on the road, texting and driving, which caused Larry’s medical damages. David counter-sues Larry for $15,000 in damages due to the accident. David claims that despite the fact he was texting while driving, David would not have hit Larry if Larry was not jay-walking. Larry violated the law by jay-walking. The trial is before a Jury. After listening to the evidence, the Jury awards NO damages to either party, finding that because David is 60% liable for the damages for his negligence and because Larry is 40% liable for the damages for his negligence, neither party is awarded any damages. Question: Under what damages doctrine for negligence cases is the Jury following when issuing this award?

Programming Language: C++

Overview

For this assignment, write a program that will simulate a single game of Craps.

Craps is a game of chance where a player (the shooter) will roll 2 six-sided dice. The sum of the dice will determine whether the player (and anyone that has placed a bet) wins immediately, loses immediately, or if the game continues.

If the sum of the first roll of the dice is equal to 7 or 11, the player wins immediately.

If the sum of the first roll of the dice is equal to 2, 3, or 12, the player has rolled "craps" and loses immediately.

If the sum of the first roll of the dice is equal to 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10, the game will continue with the sum becoming the "point." The object of the game is now for the player to continue rolling the dice until they either roll a sum that equals the point or they roll a 7. If the player "makes their point" (ie. rolls a sum that equals the point), they win. If they roll a 7, they lose.

Random Number Generation

The random number generator will be used to "roll" the dice.

If a reminder is needed about how to use the random number generator and how to limit the values that are produced, refer back to program 4:

Link to Program 4

Basic Program Logic

Seed the random number generator with a value of 22. Note: other seed values may be used to produce different results. However, the version that is handed in for grading MUST use a seed value of 22.

Next, roll the dice by generating two random numbers between 1 and 6. The two numbers should be added together and then displayed along with the sum.

If the sum of the dice is equal to 7 or 11, the game is over and the player has won. Display a congratulatory message.

If the sum of the dice is equal to 2, 3, or 12, the game is over and the player has lost. Display a message indicating the player has lost because they rolled craps.

For any other sum, the sum is now the point and the game should continue until the user rolls the point again or rolls a 7. To do this:

Save the sum (the point) in a variable so it can be used for a later comparison

Display the point

Create a boolean variable and initialize it to a value of true to indicate that the game should continue.

In a loop that executes as long as the game should continue:

roll the dice and display the two values along with the sum

if the sum of the dice is the same as the point, display a congratulatory message indicating the player has made their point and they won the game. Also change the boolean variable that controls the loop to false to indicate the game should no longer continue.

otherwise, if the sum of the dice is 7, display a message that the player has lost the game and change the variable that controls the loop to false to indicate the game should no longer continue.

Symbolic Constants

The program MUST use at least three symbolic constants. Some options are:

an integer for each of the values (2, 3, and 12) that represents craps on the first roll of the die

an integer that represents the value 7

an integer that represents the value 11

Program Requirements

Include line documentation. There is no need to document every single line, but logical "chunks" of code should be preceded by a line or two that describes what the "chunk" of code does. This will be a part of every program that is submitted during the semester and this will be the last reminder in the program write-ups.

Make sure to actually use the symbolic constants that are created.

Be sure to #include

Make sure that the copy of the program that is handed in uses srand(22); to set the seed value for the random number generator.

Hand in a copy of the source code (CPP file) using Blackboard.

Output

Some runs of the program follow. Each one is marked with the srand value that produced the result.

Run 1 using srand(11); on Windows PC

Roll: 3 + 1 = 4 The point is 4 Roll: 5 + 4 = 9 Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Roll: 1 + 2 = 3 Roll: 3 + 2 = 5 Roll: 3 + 2 = 5 Roll: 1 + 1 = 2 Roll: 6 + 1 = 7 Seven'd out! You lost!

Run 2 using srand(14); on Windows PC

Roll: 1 + 6 = 7 You won! Congratulations!

Run 3 using srand(22); on Windows PC

Roll: 3 + 1 = 4 The point is 4 Roll: 5 + 1 = 6 Roll: 4 + 4 = 8 Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Roll: 4 + 4 = 8 Roll: 2 + 1 = 3 Roll: 5 + 1 = 6 Roll: 2 + 4 = 6 Roll: 3 + 5 = 8 Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 Roll: 2 + 1 = 3 Roll: 2 + 2 = 4 The point was made! You won!

Run 4 using srand(1); on Windows PC

Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Craps! You lost!

Run 1 using srand(11); on Mac

Roll: 6 + 5 = 11 You won! Congratulations!

Run 2 using srand(22); on Mac

Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 The point is 8 Roll: 5 + 5 = 10 Roll: 6 + 5 = 11 Roll: 6 + 1 = 7 Seven'd out! You lost!

Run 3 using srand(1); on Mac

Roll: 2 + 2 = 4 The point is 4 Roll: 6 + 3 = 9 Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 Roll: 1 + 3 = 4 The point was made! You won!

Run 4 using srand(5); on Mac

Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Craps! You lost!

Extra Credit 1

For up to 5 points of extra credit, add code that will allow the user to wager that the game will be won.

Before the dice are rolled, the user should be prompted for how much they would like to wager on the game. This initial wager is known as the pass line bet. It's a wager that the shooter will win the game (ie. the initial roll is 7 or 11, or the shooter makes their point) (Note: the game of craps also allows the user to wager that the shooter will lose, but we'll leave that out of this implementation.)

This wager pays 1/1 or even money. This means that if the user wagers $1, they'll win $1 if the game is won. In other words, if the game is won, the user will win the amount that they wagered plus their original wager. So if the wager amount was $10 and the game is won, the user will win $10 plus get their original wager amount for a total of $20.

Like a casino, this implementation of craps will have a minimum wager. Use a value of $5. Make sure to check the user's wager amount and to prompt them for a new value if they enter an amount less than the minimum. This should continue until the user wagers a value greater than or equal to the minimum.

Also like a casino, the wager amount must not contain cents. So a wager of $5.25 should not be allowed. If the user adds cents to their wager amount, "return" the cents to the user and use the remaining amount as the wager amount. So if the user tries to wager, $5.25 the $0.25 should be "returned" and the wager amount adjusted to $5. There are a number of ways to check for digits after the decimal point (cents). One way is to take the original wager amount and subtract the integer portion of the wager amount.

Note about extra credit: the points will ONLY be awarded if the required portions of the assignment work correctly. In other words, don't take short cuts in the rest of the program because it is assumed that 5 extra points will be awarded.

Extra Credit 1 Output 1 using srand(11); on Windows PC

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 10.00 Roll: 3 + 1 = 4 The point is 4 Roll: 5 + 4 = 9 Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Roll: 1 + 2 = 3 Roll: 3 + 2 = 5 Roll: 3 + 2 = 5 Roll: 1 + 1 = 2 Roll: 6 + 1 = 7 Seven'd out! You lost! You lost $10.00

Extra Credit 1 Output 2 using srand(22); on Windows PC

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 10.00 Roll: 3 + 1 = 4 The point is 4 Roll: 5 + 1 = 6 Roll: 4 + 4 = 8 Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Roll: 4 + 4 = 8 Roll: 2 + 1 = 3 Roll: 5 + 1 = 6 Roll: 2 + 4 = 6 Roll: 3 + 5 = 8 Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 Roll: 2 + 1 = 3 Roll: 2 + 2 = 4 The point was made! You won! You won $20.00

Extra Credit 1 Output 3 using srand(15); on Windows PC

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 2.50 You can't bet $2.50. The minimum bet is 5.00. Please try again: 1.00 You can't bet $1.00. The minimum bet is 5.00. Please try again: 5.36 You can have 0.36 back. The wager cannot have cents. Your wager is now 5.00 Roll: 4 + 6 = 10 The point is 10 Roll: 3 + 5 = 8 Roll: 6 + 3 = 9 Roll: 1 + 1 = 2 Roll: 3 + 4 = 7 Seven'd out! You lost! You lost $5.00

Extra Credit 1 Output 1 using srand(1); on Mac

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 5.00 Roll: 2 + 2 = 4 The point is 4 Roll: 6 + 3 = 9 Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 Roll: 1 + 3 = 4 The point was made! You won! You won $10.00

Extra Credit 1 Output 2 using srand(5); on Mac

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 5 Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Craps! You lost! You lost $5.00

Extra Credit 1 Output 3 using srand(22); on Mac

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 5.00 Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 The point is 8 Roll: 5 + 5 = 10 Roll: 6 + 5 = 11 Roll: 6 + 1 = 7 Seven'd out! You lost! You lost $5.00

Extra Credit 2

For up to an additional 5 points of extra credit, add code that will allow the user to wager on odds for the pass line wager. This is an additional wager that if a point has been established, the shooter will make the point.

After a point has been established but before the dice are rolled to try to make the point, the user should be prompted for how much they would like to wager on the odds that the shooter will make the point.

Like extra credit 1, the minimum wager on odds is $5. Make sure to check the user's wager amount and to prompt them for a new value if they enter an amount less than the minimum. This should continue until the user wagers a value greater than or equal to the minimum.

Also make sure that the wager amount does not contain cents. If it does, "return" the cents and adjust the wager amount to remove the cents.

The payouts for wagering on the odds is based upon the point value. Points of 4 and 10 pay 2/1 (if $1 is bet, then the player wins $2 if the 4 or 10 is rolled). Points 5 and 9 pay 3/2 (if $2 is bet, then the player wins $3 if the 5 or 9 is rolled). Points 6 and 8 pay 6/5 (if $5 is bet, then the player wins $6 if the 6 or 8 is rolled).

If the point is made, the payout for wagering on the odds is added to the payout for wagering on the pass line (the value from extra credit 1).

Use the following formula to calculate the payout for wagering on odds:

wager amount + ( wager amount * odds )

For example, if the point is 8 and user wagered $15 on the odds, the user ends up with $33 for wagering on the odds.

wager amount + ( wager amount * odds ) = 15 + ( 15 * 6/5 ) = 15 + ( 90 / 5 ) = 15 + ( 18 ) = 33

If the user wagered $5 on the pass line, then the total payout is $43. $5 from pass line wager plus $5 for making the point plus $15 from wagering on the odds plus $18 for making the point with the odds wager.

Note about extra credit 2: the points will ONLY be awarded if the required portions of the assignment work correctly AND extra credit 1 works correctly.

Extra Credit 2 Output 1 using srand(22); on Windows PC

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 10.00 Roll: 3 + 1 = 4 The point is 4 How much would you like to wager on the odds? 30.00 Roll: 5 + 1 = 6 Roll: 4 + 4 = 8 Roll: 6 + 6 = 12 Roll: 4 + 4 = 8 Roll: 2 + 1 = 3 Roll: 5 + 1 = 6 Roll: 2 + 4 = 6 Roll: 3 + 5 = 8 Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 Roll: 2 + 1 = 3 Roll: 2 + 2 = 4 The point was made! You won! Pass Line Win: $20.00 Odds Payout: $90.00 You won $110.00

Extra Credit 2 Output 2 using srand(4); on Windows PC

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 5.00 Roll: 4 + 6 = 10 The point is 10 How much would you like to wager on the odds? 1.25 You can't bet $1.25. The minimum bet is 5.00. Please try again: 10.36 You can have 0.36 back. The wager cannot have cents. Your wager is now 10.00 Roll: 4 + 3 = 7 Seven'd out! You lost! You lost $15.00

Extra Credit 2 Output 1 using srand(1); on Mac

How much would you like to wager (no cents allowed) (minimum: 5.00)? 5.00 Roll: 2 + 2 = 4 The point is 4 How much would you like to wager on the odds? 10.00 Roll: 6 + 3 = 9 Roll: 5 + 3 = 8 Roll: 1 + 3 = 4 The point was made! You won! Pass Line Win: $10.00 Odds Payout: $30.00 You won $40.00

Jiminy's Cricket Farm issued a 30-year, 7 percent coupon bond 8 years ago. The bond makes semi-annual coupon payments and sells for 92 percent of its face value. The face value of the debt issue is $18 million and the yield to maturity is 7.761%. Note: YTM for coupon bonds is quoted as an APR with semi-annual compounding.

In addition, the company has a second debt issue on the market, a zero coupon bond with 8 years left to maturity; the face value of this issue is $83 million and the bonds sell for 78 percent of face value. Note: Zero-coupon bonds only make one payment: face value which is paid at maturity.

The Council is not responsible for which of this role:

Select one:

a. Coordinate economic policies of the Members States

b. Implement EU policies

c. Approve the European budget

d. Pass European laws

The Copenhagen criteria:

Select one:

a. are the rules that define whether CEECs are eligible to join the Euro zone.

b. are the rules that define whether Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) are eligible to join the European Union.

c. define the main steps of the elaboration of the Constitutional Treaty.

d. define new voting rules to be implemented after the membership of CEECs in 2004.

The Purchasing Power Parity principle asserts that:

Select one:

a. the rate of appreciation of a currency follows the rate of foreign inflation.

b. nominal exchange rates are volatile while prices are much more stable

c. over the long run the nominal exchange rate, prices and wages all adjust to each other so that external equilibrium is restored.

d. there is no visible link between volatile exchange rates and money growth and inflation

If an investor observes that the nominal interest rate is Lower in USA than in Germany, he should invest in Country Germany if:

Select one:

a. he expects Germany’s exchange rate to remain constant over time.

b. he expects Germany’s exchange rate to appreciate

c. he expects USA’s exchange rate to depreciate.

d. 1 and 2 are both true.

After the great depression, once the Gold standard collapsed:

Select one:

a. Exchange rate were left to float, and each country sought to boost exports by undervaluing their exchange rate

b. Exchange rate were left to float, and each country sought to boost exports by over-valuing their exchange rate

c. None of the above

d. Exchange rate were anchored to the USA dollar, and each country sought to boost exports by over-valuing their exchange rate

The Hume’s price-specie mechanism states

Select one:

a. If a country’s prices are too high, the country is uncompetitive, its real exchange rate overvalued and runs a trade deficit

b. If a country’s prices are too high, the country is over-competitive, its real exchange rate overvalued and runs a trade surplus

c. If a country’s prices are too low, the country is uncompetitive, its real exchange rate overvalued and runs a trade surplus

d. If a country’s prices are too high, the country is uncompetitive, its real exchange rate undervalued and runs a trade deficit

I

nflations rates differ a lot among European countries, which represent a problem of competitiveness for countries that face higher inflation. A reason or some of the reasons for such a divergence is/are:

Select one or more:

a. All of the above

b. Doom Loop

c. Autonomous wage and price pressure

d. Balassa-Samuelson effect

The director of the Wisconsin Department of Business Licensing is looking for ways to improve employee productivity. Specifically, she would like to see an improvement in the percentage of applications that employees process correctly. The director randomly selects 50 employees and gather data on the percentage of applications each one correctly processed last month. On the recommendation of a consultant, the director has these 50 employees complete a 3-day workshop on Proactive Synergy Restructuring Techniques. At the end of the month following the training, the director collects the application processing data for the same 50 employees.

Help the director analyze these data by conducting a hypothesis test. From a statistical point of view, what can you tell the director?

Please refer to the following incomplete data describing costs and revenues for a monopolistic firm. Assuming that this firm wants to maximize profits, which of the following most accurately describes the price should it charge for this good? Output Price Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Total Cost Marginal Cost Average Total Cost 0 $100 $0 na $50 na na 1 $90 $90 $90 $65 $15 ? 2 $80 $160 ? $75 ? $38 3 $70 $210 ? $95 $20 $32 4 $60 $240 $30 $125 ? $31 5 $50 $250 $10 $175 ? ? 6 $40 $240 -$10 $265 $90 $44 7 $30 $210 ? $415 $150 $59 $30 $50 Less than $30 more than $50

Given the following grouped frequency distribution

Find the mean (give you answer to one decimal) =

Find the standard deviation (give your answer to two decimals) =

What is the shape of this distribution? Your answer will be hand graded.

The transportation sector in the United States presently runs almost exclusively on petroleum-based derivatives (gasoline, diesel, fuel). Research the following alternatives.

Hybrid

Diesel & biodiesel

Flex-fuel Ethanol

Natural gas

Propane

Hydrogen

Electric

Fuel cell

Prepare a one-page paper outlining what you believe may be viable alternatives to the use of fossil fuels. May be assigned as a team or an individual assignment.