A Case Study of the Muscular System
The purpose of this assignment is to assess your ability to communicate effectively, think critically, and understand quantitative information. This assignment also gives you the opportunity to work through a potential real-life scenario in the medical field.
Obtain all data for the patients to answer the questions, fill out the tables, and produce graphs. You will be submitting answers (typed), tables, and graphs. Your words must be your own, do not just write one paragraph for everyone to turn-in. Graphs must be properly labelled. All sources used, including textbook, must be referenced at the end of your paper. You should turn-in a unique typed assignment that includes the following:
· The answers to questions 1 through 20 (includes tables 1, 2, 3, and graphs)
· Write an alphabetized list of all sources referenced in your answers in proper APA format.
Part I
You are a volunteer in a California medical office of Dr. Williams. Dr. Williams specializes in rare neuromuscular and musculoskeletal disorders. You’re also a grad student and working with Dr. Williams has allowed you to gain first-hand experience with some of the material that you’re learning in your human physiology course.
Today a group of high school students is coming for a tour and Dr. Williams has asked you to prepare some information about muscles to present to the students, such as the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), skeletal muscle contraction, and issues that can arise when signaling between neurons and muscles does not happen as it is supposed to.
Questions [Critical Thinking and Communication]
1. Write a summary paragraph to explain the action of muscles to high school students as Dr. Williams instructed.
Part II – Joyce Snyder
After the high school group finishes their tour, Dr. Williams sees two patients.
Joyce Snyder is a biochemist working for a bio-warfare lab at a university. She is working on a project using sarin as a model substance. Suddenly, while working, the lab alarms go off and Joyce accidentally knocks a vial of sarin over and a bit of the liquid splashes onto her arm between her gloves and lab coat.
She suddenly starts to feel dizzy, her heart starts pounding harder than ever, and she has shortness of breath. She feels incredibly sluggish and tries to get to the exit. As she approaches the lab door, her muscles cramp and she falls down and hits her head, knocking her unconscious. Her colleagues from across the hall happen to see her fall and call for help. Joyce is given oxygen and taken to the nearby hospital.
Joyce is admitted to the hospital and Dr. Williams examines her. Joyce is unconscious but seems to be experiencing some paralysis, so Dr. Williams orders blood work. The results are listed in Table 1 below, the top line represents her initial readings; the following three rows are for subsequent time points. You must work with your team members to interpret all clinical values.
Dr. Williams looks over the results and knows from Joyce ’s colleague that she is a bioweapons biochemist. Dr. Williams figures out that Joyce has been working on synthesizing a new sarin-like biochemical weapon and suspects she has a type of poisoning that is like that of sarin.
Questions [Critical Thinking]
2. What symptoms is Joyce experiencing?
3. What is the role of AChE in the NMJ?
4. Examine Table 1 below. Fill-in the normal range of values for each of the variables in the last (blank) row.
Table 1. Lab values for Joyce Snyder. (Serum)
|
Time Point |
BP |
Temp. (°F) |
Hemat. (%) |
Glucose (mg/dL) |
Na+ (mEq/L) |
K+ (mEq/L) |
AChE Activity (% of normal) |
Thyroxine (pmol/L) |
Serum Triiodothyronine (FT3) (pg/dL) |
Antibodies for Ach Receptors |
|
1 |
105/65 |
99.4 °F |
37.5% |
88 mg/dL |
139 mEq/L |
3.8 mEq/L |
44% |
9.1 pmol/L |
112 pg/dL |
none |
|
2 |
108/70 |
100.1 °F |
38.0% |
100 mg/dL |
135 mEq/L |
5.0 mEq/L |
42% |
8.5 pmol/L |
100 pg/dL |
none |
|
3 |
130/92 |
98.0 °F |
36.2% |
95 mg/dL |
132 mEq/L |
5.2 mEq/L |
50% |
10.0 pmol/L |
150 pg/dL |
none |
|
4 |
115/85 |
99.2 °F |
36.9% |
80 mg/dL |
144 mEq/L |
3.5 mEq/L |
88% |
12.0 pmol/L |
82 pg/dL |
none |
|
Normal Values |
Questions [Critical Thinking and Communication and Quantitative]
5. Which of Joyce ’s levels are abnormal and at what time point?
6. What is the mechanism of action of sarin or a sarin-like chemical?
7. How would exposure to a sarin-like poison affect the amounts of Na+ going into the muscle cell? Explain why.
8. How would exposure to a sarin or sarin-like chemical affect Ca2+ levels inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum? Why?
9. How do these altered Ca2+ levels affect the position of the actin and myosin filaments? Why/how?
10. What needs to happen to Joyce’s post-synaptic membrane to remedy her paralysis? Physiologically what do we need more of, and where?
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Maximum acceptable payback period of this project is 3 years. Calculate the payback period for this project.
Calculate the project’s NPV.
Calculate the project’s IRR. (Hint: You can calculate the IRR within the range of 5% and 10%)
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QUESTION 16
Which one of the following is not one of the new HTML5 semantic elements?
chapter
article
section
aside
QUESTION 17
Which of the following is the name for the file used for the "home page" of a website?
All of these are correct
home.htm
index, html
default.asp
QUESTION 18
Which of the following are the opening and closing delimiters of an HTML5 entity?
& and ;
& and !
I and ;
< and >
QUESTION 19
One method that we can use so that common markup will be placed in several of our web pages is called?
Server-Side Includes / SSI
Includes
Imports
using
QUESTION 20
What is the difference between a semantic element and a non-semantic element?
Semantic elements are tags with meaning like table and img. Non-semantic elements are tags that suggest nothing about content like div or span
Semantic elements are tags that suggest nothing about content like table and img. Non-semantic elements are tags with meaning like div or span
Semantic elements are tags that look like web tags. Non-semantic elements are tags that are hidden.
Semantic elements are tags with meaning like index.html. Non-semantic elements are tags that suggest nothing about content index.asp
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Year
1 3000
2 4000
3 3400
4 3800
5 3700
.1. Forecast the number of kilometers for next year using a two-year moving average.
2. Find the MAD based on the two-year moving average forecast in part (a). (Hint: You will have only three years of matched data.)
3. Use a weighted two-year moving average with weights of 0.4 and 0.6 to forecast next year's mileage. (The weight of 0.6 is for the most recent year.)
4. What MAD results from using this approach to forecasting? (Hint: You will have only three years of matched data.)
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Calculate the accounting operating profit break-even point for
both factory choices for Oriole’s Candles.
1. large factory break even?
2. small factory break even?
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A new investment opportunity for you is an annuity that pays $700 at the beginning of each year for 3 years. You could earn 5.5% on your money in other investments with equal risk. What is the most you should pay for the annuity?
Select the correct answer.
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A new investment opportunity for you is an annuity that pays $1,250 at the beginning of each year for 3 years. You could earn 5.5% on your money in other investments with equal risk. What is the most you should pay for the annuity? Select the correct answer.
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