Dr. Paddock is a counseling psychologist who is interested in decreasing adjustment issues in first-year college students. She is curious if having students create collages of their first few weeks of school and then mailing them home will help students feel they have integrated their new life with their old and, as a result, will help them feel less homesick. She samples a group of 100 incoming college freshmen at her university and measures how homesick they are during the first week of school. During Week 4 of school, she has them make the collage and send it home. During Week 7 of school, she measures their homesickness again. She notices a significant reduction in the amount of homesickness from the pretest to the posttest and concludes that her treatment is effective. Imagine in Dr. Paddock’s study that only 90 of the original participants completed the measure of homesickness during Week 7 (10 participants had left the university and were unavailable). What kind of threat to internal validity does this pose? How does this affect her conclusion that her treatment for homesickness worked?

2. The managers of three different supermarkets in the US desire to test the effectiveness of a new store design on sales. The manager of supermarket A decides to let store directors choose on their own whether they judge appropriate to implement the new design. The manager of supermarket B randomly chooses stores to assign the new design. The manager of supermarket C randomly draws stores in each US State separately.

(a) State whether each of the three experimental designs is observational or experimental, providing an explanation. (7.5p)

(b) Which experimental design is implemented in each of the three studies? (7.5p)

(c) Which kind of bias will arise from design A? Why? (5p)

(d) Compare the quality of statistical results from Designs B and C.State which of the two prevails on your opinion and why. (5p)

China has recently retaliated to US tariffs on steel and aluminum and has imposed a wide range of tariffs on U.S agricultural export that are destined to China. These tariffs are expected to have a significant negative impact on the U.S. agriculture products.

If the U.S. Agricultural products, which are heavily subsidized by the US government are not exportable to China due the existing trade war, how does this affect:

1) the U.S. farmers

2) the American tax payer

3) short term food supply in America

4) long term food supply in America

Discuss each in detail.

5) Assuming that China seeks its food supply from Africa, do you think that China might get cheaper agricultural products from Africa and as a result, America, but not China will be on the losing side?

We have a lot of data and information. If you want to forecast something, find data for it from the library. Let us call this data Dependent variable . Also find data for variables,( let us call them Independent Variables) that influence dependent variables.

Your task is to find data for one dependent variable and more than one independent variables. The independent variables must be related to the dependent variable.

Using your data,  run the regression on Excel and comment on how good and robust is the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables.

Important: You must indicate the source of data.(failure to indicate this gets automatic zero).  Data should be original. No data from the text books or data that has been already used for regression may be used.

Usually, Djikstra’s shortest-path algorithm is not used on graphs with negative-weight edges because it may fail and give us an incorrect answer. However, sometimes Djikstra’s will give us the correct answer even if the graph has negative edges.
You are given graph G with at least one negative edge, and a source s. Write an algorithm that tests whether Djikstra’s algorithm will give the correct shortest paths from s. If it does, return the shortest paths. If not, return ‘no.’ The time complexity should not be longer than that of Djiksta’s algorithm itself, which is Θ(|E| + |V | log |V |).
(Hint: First, use Djikstra’s algorithm to come up with candidate paths. Then, write an algorithm to verify whether they are in fact the shortest paths from s.)

1. A quick history: When I was taking finance classes in the early 1990s, My finance professor, an intimidating guy from Rochester, NY, impressed upon us all that we'd have to be fools not to be earning 10% in the market. This was largely due to the times. Everyone made money in the early 90s. The way you measure your gains against everyone else is by using CAPM. Your text mentions some shortfalls of CAPM that have popped up over the years. If we assume the problems with CAPM were always there, how might the prevalent use of CAPM have led to irrational capital pricing decisions and how might that affect the value of a company?

3. What are the advantages/disadvantages of financing an expansion with debt rather than equity? Does this change if you are financing a replacement project?

Your U.S. based company has purchased equipment from a German manufacturer worth €10,000,000 that is payable in one year. The current spot rate S(EUR/USD) is $1.13 and the F₁₂(EUR/USD) is $1.1037. The US interest rate is 5 percent and the German interest rate is 7.5 percent. Additionally, a call to buy euros at a strike price $1.11 in 12 months has a premium of $0.0007 per euro and a put at the same strike price have a premium of $0.003. Show the actions you would take and the net cost of the purchase in USD at the time the obligation is due using:

a) the forward market

b) a money market hedge

c) an options contract if the S₁₂ (EUR/USD) is $1.19

d) an options contract if the S₁₂ (EUR/USD) is $1.09.

Golf-Travel, Inc. is a U.S. company that provides ... Bookmark Golf-Travel, Inc. is a U.S. company that provides travel packages for individual golfers and corporate golf outings. The company has mainly focused on U. S. customers but has decided to expand its business globally. Ben Watson, the company’s CEO, has decided that the best location for the company’s European operations is Ireland due to Ireland’s low 12.5% corporate tax rate. In January, 2013, Golf-Travel formally opened its European operations, called Europe-Golf in Portmarnock, Ireland as a wholly owned subsidiary of Golf-Travel. During 2013, the subsidiary’s performance exceeded expectations by hosting almost 400 individual golf trips and 200 corporate outings. At the end of the year, the subsidiary reported pretax income of €324,260 and the subsidiary paid Irish taxes of €40,533, leaving a net income of €283,727. Question: What FASB, GAAP, IFRS references address the tax issues of earnings of foreign subsidiaries, In particular, what are the different financial reporting issues if the company remits the earnings back to the United States versus a strategy of permanently reinvesting the earnings back into the Irish subsidiary. *** Answer must include the FASB, GAAP, IFRS references. ****

Zoysia University must purchase mowers for its landscape department. The university can buy four EVF mowers that cost $7,600 each and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,675 per mower. The EVF mowers will be replaced at the end of Year 4 and have no value at that time. Alternatively, Zoysia can buy six AEH mowers to accomplish the same work. The AEH mowers will be replaced after seven years. They each cost $6,600 and have annual, year-end maintenance costs of $1,875 per mower. Each AEH mower will have a resale value of $800 at the end of seven years. The university’s opportunity cost of funds for this type of investment is 9 percent. Because the university is a nonprofit institution, it does not pay taxes. It is anticipated that whichever manufacturer is chosen now will be the supplier of future mowers. What is the EAC of each type of mower? (Your answers should be a negative value and indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answers to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)