Financial risk forms : • Market value risk • interest rate risk, • exchange prices, • Asset prices price • default risk • Risk of liquidity

Non-Financial risk forms: • Business Risk( chances of failure of business) • Operational Risk (misconduct,fraud etc) • Accounting risk (changes in GAAP/IFRS and comparability issues, managed earnings, etc.) • Legal and Regulation risk • Tax risk • environment risk • Strategic risk

Elaborate on each of the risk factors with examples

Find an accounting-related fraud court case that is no more than 2 years old and then find an accounting-related fraud court case that is over 10 years old. Give a brief summary of both court cases. Compare and contrast the 2 court cases. Discuss if you think the level of sophistication in committing fraud has changed over the years. Who is committing the crime and how? What impact, if any, will the changes you found have on the auditor and/or fraud investigator?

In a test of the effectiveness of garlic for lowering​ cholesterol, 43 subjects were treated with garlic in a processed tablet form. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after the treatment. The changes ​(before−​after) in their levels of LDL cholesterol​ (in mg/dL) have a mean of 5.7and a standard deviation of 17.7Construct a 90% confidence interval estimate of the mean net change in LDL cholesterol after the garlic treatment. What does the confidence interval suggest about the effectiveness of garlic in reducing LDL​ cholesterol?

- Sulphur dioxide is being emitted at a rate of 2.5 kg/s from a stack with an effective height of 160m (H). The average wind speed at stack height is 2.0 m/s in an atmospheric stability type B. a) Estimate the magnitude and location of the maximum ground level concentration. b) Estimate the magnitude and location of the maximum ground level concentration if the wind speed is doubled. c) Estimate the magnitude and location of the maximum ground level concentration if the stability type changes to C

Steam enters a turbine at 10 MPa, 410^oC, and 80 m/s, and leaves at 10 kPa, 90 percent quality and 50 m/s. Steam flows steadily through the turbine at 10 kg/s and the heat loss from the turbine is 0.5 kW. Neglecting potential energy changes, determine

1. The power output of the turbine (kW)
2. The turbine inlet area (m²)
3. The turbine outlet area (m²)
4. The volume flow rate of steam at turbine outlet (m³/s)

1.    Suppose we have a competitive labor market.
   1. What is the marginal benefit to the firm of hiring another worker? Explain why.
   2. What is the marginal cost to the firm of hiring another worker?
   3. How does the firm decide how many workers to hire in the short run?
   4. In the long run, capital is no longer fixed Explain how this changes the labor decision for the firm.
   5. What is the main difference between labor demand in the short run and labor demand in the long run? Why?

How do accounting accrual adjustments affect covenants that require minimums for retained earn-ings or for certain ratios such as the current ratio? Are those effects permanent? b. How do real operating changes affect covenants that require minimums for retained earnings or for certain ratios such as the current ratio? Are those effects permanent? c. What consequences might arise if the company focuses on managing reported numbers to avoid violating debt covenants? What parties are affected by such schemes?

1. How many neutrons are there in oxygen? In hydrogen? In nitrogen?

2. Distinguish between atoms and molecules and among protons, neutrons, and electrons.

3. Compare and contrast covalent bonds and ionic bonds.

4. Explain how polar covalent bonds allow hydrogen bonds to form, and provide an example.

7. Define pH scale, acid, base, and buffer. How do buffers reduce changes in pH when hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions are added to a solution? Why is this phenomenon important in organisms?

Congenital Galactosemia typically appears only in infants because with maturation, most children develop another enzyme capable of metabolizing galactose. Its incidence is about 1 per 18,000 births. If the infant does not receive treatment then there is a 75% chance of death. Thus, in the United States infants are screened for galactosemia. Galactosemia can be confused with lactose intolerance but galactosemia is a considerably more serious condition because consumption of galactose can cause permanent damage to their bodies. What dietary changes should be made?

Consider a four-year project with the following information: initial fixed asset investment = $600,000; straight-line depreciation to zero over the four-year life; zero salvage value; price = $46; variable costs = $36; fixed costs = $275,000; quantity sold = 106,000 units; tax rate = 23 percent.

How sensitive is OCF to changes in quantity sold? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)