1.What is a 'technology dead end’? Why are technology dead ends important for economic growth? Illustrate with an example. Hint: Easterly (2002) talks about all this in ch. 9.

2.In your opinion, does intellectual property (i.e. temporary ownership of ideas) incentivize the creation of more new ideas or does it lower the rate of subsequent innovation and creative expression? Explain briefly how or why. Gilbert (2011) may help you think about this.

What are 3 facts you learned about the brain that you didn't know before? Please be sure to provide examples.

Why do you personally think that learning more about the brain is helpful in studying psychology? Please be sure to provide examples.

Choose a famous individual with a nervous system disorder and explain his/her condition and how the brain has been affected. Please be sure to share specific details to aid in your discussion.

Research question: Amongst Penn State World Campus students, do those who sleep more tend to have higher grade point averages (GPAs)?

Researchers are going to collect data from a sample of 100 Penn State World Campus students. They will call each student to ask how many hours they slept last night and they will ask each student for their GPA (scale of 0 to 4.0).

7. Describe how researchers could use a convenience sampling method to obtain a sample of 100 World Campus students. In other words, describe the procedures of obtaining a convenience sample in this scenario.

8. Describe how researchers could use a simple random sampling method to obtain a sample of 100 World Campus students. In other words, describe the procedures of obtaining a simple random sample in this scenario.

9. In order to obtain a sample that is representative of the intended population, should researchers use the convenience sampling method from question 7 or the simple random sampling method from question 8?

10. Using this scenario, describe an example of response bias. Response bias would occur in this study if… 1

1. Using this scenario, describe an example of non-response bias. Non-response bias would occur in this study if…

12. If a positive relationship is observed between hours of sleep and GPA, can the researchers conclude that sleeping longer causes higher GPAs? Explain why or why not.

13. What is one possible confounding variable in this study? Explain why this is a possible confounding variable.

3. In the workbook on page 14, we solved the following problem:
A new type of light bulb has been developed which is believed to last longer than
ordinary light bulbs. To determine the average life of the new light bulb, a random sample of
100 light bulbs was tested. The sample had a mean life of 1960 hours. Estimate the true mean
life of the new light bulb using a 97% confidence interval. State your final conclusion using a
clear, complete sentence. Assume the population standard deviation is 142 hours.
For the confidence interval we calculated in this workbook problem, the confidence level
is 97%.
Using ZInterval on the calculator we found the 97% confidence interval for the mean life
was 1929.2 to 1990.8 hours. Based on this sample, we are 97% confident that the mean life
expectancy of all the new lightbulbs is between 1929.2 and 1990.8 hours.
The length of a confidence interval is (upper bound- lower bound). For this
confidence interval, the length is (1990.8-1929.2) = 61.6 hours.
To find the Margin of Error, using the length of a confidence interval, we use
EE = mmmmmmmmmmmm oooo eeeeeeeeee = llllnnnnnnnn oooo CCCC

22 . For this CI, EE = 61.6

2 = 30.8 hoooooooo.
To find the center of the CI, CCCCCCCCCCCC = (uuuuuuuuuu bbbbbbbbbb+llllllllll bbbbbbbbbb)

2

. The center of this CI is

CCCCCCCCCCCC = uuuuuuuuuu bbbbbbbbbb+llllllllll bbbbbbbbbb

2 = 1990.8+1929.2
2 = 3920

2 = 1960 hoooooooo, which is the sample
mean. Remember every confidence interval for the population mean is centered at the sample
mean.
(a) Now calculate confidence intervals for the mean expectancy of all the new lightbulbs using
confidence levels of 90%, 92%, 94%, 98%, and 99%. Determine the length, the margin of error
and center for each CI. I have filled in the information for the 97% confidence interval we
formed in the workbook.

Confidence level    Confidence Interval Length of CI Margin of Error Center of CI

90%
92%
94%
97% 1929.2 to 1990.8 hours   61.6 hours    30.8 hours 1960 hours
98%
99%

(b) As the confidence level increases, what happens to the width of the confidence interval? Use
clear, complete sentences to state and justify your answer.

(c) As the confidence level increases, what happens to the margin of error? Use clear, complete
sentences to state and justify your answer.

(d) As the confidence level increases, what happens to the center of the confidence interval? Use
clear, complete sentences to state and justify your answer.

A data set about speed dating includes​ "like" ratings of male dates made by the female dates. The summary statistics are n=187 x=6.85 s=2.12 Use a 0.050 significance level to test the claim that the population mean of such ratings is less than 7.00 Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. Identify the null and alternative​ hypotheses, test​ statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

A data set about speed dating includes​ "like" ratings of male dates made by the female dates. The summary statistics are n=189​, x bar =6.89​, s=2.21. Use a 0.10 significance level to test the claim that the population mean of such ratings is less than 7.00. Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. Identify the null and alternative​ hypotheses, test​ statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

A data set about speed dating includes​ "like" ratings of male dates made by the female dates. The summary statistics are

nequals=195195​,

x overbarxequals=7.537.53​,

sequals=1.971.97.

Use a

0.050.05

significance level to test the claim that the population mean of such ratings is less than

8.008.00.

Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. Identify the null and alternative​ hypotheses, test​ statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

A data set about speed dating includes​ "like" ratings of male dates made by the female dates. The summary statistics are

nequals=193193​,

x overbarxequals=7.867.86​,

sequals=2.262.26.

Use a

0.100.10

significance level to test the claim that the population mean of such ratings is less than

8.008.00.

Assume that a simple random sample has been selected. Identify the null and alternative​ hypotheses, test​ statistic, P-value, and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

Financial Issue Discussion #3--Insurance is so expensive that it is not worthwhile. You can just save the money yourself and not make the insurance companies so rich.

Paragraph #1 must start with the heading:  “State your position on the issue”.

Paragraph #2 must start with the heading: “Provide a personal experience that you have had or have read about with that issue”.

Adam Smith, David Ricardo, and Thomas Malthus had strikingly different views of the long-run tendencies of the capitalist system.  Present each writer’s forecast about the future development of capitalism..  State the theoretical differences among these economists that led to these different views of the future.  Include in your discussion the policies that each of the writers regarded as the most appropriate for advancing society