The use of heparin versus saline to maintain the patency of peripheral intravenous catheters has been addressed in research for many years. The American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHSP) published a position paper in January 2006 advocating its support of the use of 0.9% saline in the maintenance of peripheral catheters in nonpregnant adults. It seems surprising that this position paper references articles that advocate the use of saline over heparin dating from 1991. What do you believe are some of the barriers that would have caused this delay in implementation?

ASSIGNMENT 2

1. Use the business cycle model to explain the difference between a recession and an economic boom. Explain in detail how businesses are affected by a recession and an economic boom.                                                                                               [25 marks]

2. When the economy is in recession, the output will be falling, unemployment will be rising, and business confidence will be fading. What policies must the government take to reduce the adverse effects of the recession? Use examples of policies that were used by Namibia and other countries on the globe during the 2006-2009 global recession to support your answer.                                                                                                              [25 MARKS]

Kimberly has just started her first job and decides to begin saving for a car. She opens a savings account on October 31, 2003 with a deposit of $160, and will continue to make deposits of the same amount at the end of each month until October 31, 2006, when she will make the final deposit. If the account pays 9% interest rate compounded monthly, how much is in the account on October 31, 2009, (when Kimberly will use this money as a down payment for a car), rounded to the nearest dollar?

Break-Even Units and Sales Revenue: Margin of Safety

Dupli-Pro Copy Shop provides photocopying service. Next year, Dupli-Pro estimates it will copy 2,990,000 pages at a price of $0.06 each in the coming year. Product costs include:

There is no variable selling expense; fixed selling and administrative expenses total $42,000.

Required:

In your computations that involve the contribution margin ratio, do not round the ratio.

1. Calculate the break-even point in units.
fill in the blank 1 units

2. Calculate the break-even point in sales revenue.
$fill in the blank 2

3. Calculate the margin of safety in units for the coming year.
fill in the blank 3 units

4. Calculate the margin of safety in sales revenue for the coming year.
$fill in the blank 4

5. What if the total selling and administrative expenses are reduced to $26,020? Recalculate the following:

QUESTION 2

Liyala Sdn Bhd is a successful family-run business. The board of directors is led by the founder of the company, Liyala who is both chairman and CEO. The other board members, a finance director and two non-executive directors, are also Liyala’s brother and daughter. The members of Liyala family own all the share capital of the company.The company does not have a company secretary, and its auditors are a local firm of accountants in the town where Liyala has its head office.

Liyala is proud of his entrepreneurial success. He has been prepared to take big risks with the company’s strategy in order to grow the business and, when necessary, he has been willing to cancel the annual dividend to shareholders to spend money on investment or to accept temporary decline in profits for the sake of longer-term success. He is aware that the company does not have a good reputation as an employer, but he believes that the company exists for the benefit of the Liyala family and employees should be grateful to have their jobs.

Liyala wants to retire in a few years’ time. He would like his daughter to take over the running of the company, but he would also like to take the company public. He is aware that the governance of the company have to undergo substantial change for this to happen, but he does not want to retire until all changes have been made and the company’s shares are being traded on Bursa Malaysia.

Required

a / Explain how the board’s attitude to its shareholders and other stakeholders will need to change if Liyala Sdn Bhd goes public ?

b / Giving your reasons, identify the main aspects of governance that the board of Liyala Sdn Bhd will have to consider before the companies goes public, and suggest changes that will have to be made?

Sales Data provides data on a sample of customers. An industry trade publication stated that the average profit per customer for this industry was at least $4,500. Using a test of hypothesis, do the data support this claim or not?

Problem Definition:

Problem: Given an array of integers print all pairs of integers a and b where a + b is equal to a given number.

For example, consider the following array and suppose we want to find all pairs of integers a and b where a + b = 16

A= [ 10, 4, 6, 15, 3, 5, 1, 13]

The following are pairs that sum to 16:

13, 3

6, 10

15, 1

Your program should print these pairs.

A poor Solutions:

There are several solutions to this problem. The most straightforward (but inefficient ) solution is to set up a nested loop structure that goes over the elements of the array one by one and for each element performs a sequential search on the entire array. The running time for this algorithm is quadratic due to the nested loop structure and the sequential search for each array element.

What you need to do for this assignment

When the size of the array is very large then the quadratic algorithm may be too slow to be useful. There are a number of strategies that can be employed to reduce the running time, and at this point we have covered enough topics to design a more efficient algorithm. Based on the material covered thus far in this course, design and implement a more efficient algorithm for this problem.

Hint, you might find it helpful to first sort the array. As for the searching aspect, there are two ways you can go about it that will be efficient and both solutions are valid. One involves utilizing the Binary Search while the other does not involve searching at all.

No additional libraries may be used. All code must be implemented by you or else you will receive a 0 for the assignment. This includes the Arrays class.

Your algorithm must at most have a running time of O(nlogn) where n is the number of elements in the array.

The framework for your algorithm should satisfy the following criteria:

1. The SumPairs class is given to you with a main method that will produce test code for you.
2. You just need to implement the printPairs method. This prints the pairs of numbers that sum to some given value.
3. You may implement any additional methods to help you solve the problem.
4. The efficiency of your algorithm must at most be O(n log n).

It is important that you adhere to the framework specification above to facilitate testing of your program.

What you need to turn in

1. Your SumPairs.java file with a proper implementation of printPairs and any other methods you implemented.
2. Include a document file with an explanation of your algorithm in your own words. You may use pseudocode to break down your algorithm. Include an explanation of your efficiency.
3. Include a document with test inputs you create. You can change the test input in main. Make sure to include the tests for when there are duplicate pairs, no pairs, and many pairs.

public class SumPairs {

   //-----Implement your algorithm here------
   public static void printPairs(int arr[], int sum) {
       return 0;
   }
  
   //-----End Student Implementation-----
  
   public static void main(String[] args) {
       int arr[] = {
           16, 53, 89, 28, 72, 51, 3, 26, 99,
           85, 57, 1, 92, 96, 2, 56, 11, 41,
           3, 80, 16, 41, 79, 85, 78, 53, 45,
           18, 91, 82, 39, 26, 23, 64, 32, 75,
           70, 11, 48, 45, 76, 53, 14, 67, 2,
           42, 92, 69, 24, 23, 78, 27, 100, 60,
16, 94, 65, 77, 45, 37, 98, 56, 6, 6,
3, 94, 64, 26, 50, 56, 74, 24, 37, 67,
74, 48, 35, 40, 42, 90, 15, 50, 16, 36,
42, 70, 4, 62, 39, 16, 53, 89, 89, 38, 3,
53, 35, 20, 17, 44
       };
      
       int sumToCheck = 58;
       printPairs(arr, sumToCheck);
   }

}

Consider the following situations and determine whether they exhibit simultaneous consumption, network effects, x-inefficiency or rent-seeking behavior. Assume the businesses referenced function as monopolies.

(a) A pharmaceutical company discovers a vaccine for the common cold. The company puts a significant effort into tests to get it FDA-approved and into hiring lawyers to obtain a patent.

(b) An Internet service provider adds thousands of new customers.

(c) The head of a family-owned, major hotel chain decides to hire his wild, socialite niece to work as an executive of the company after her reality TV career ends.

(d) An online profile company helps college and high school students from across the country to connect with each other.

The following trial balance relates to Rapcap plc at 31 December 2019:

The following notes are relevant:

1. At 1 January 2019, Rapcap plc had its land and buildings revalued to £400 million. This valuation includes a value for land of £80 million. The estimated remaining life of the building at that date was 40 years. Depreciation of buildings is charged on a straight-line basis and is allocated 70% to cost of sales, 20% to distribution costs and 10% to administrative expenses.

2. During the year, Rapcap plc manufactured an item of plant that it is using as part of its own operating capacity. The details of its cost, which is included in cost of sales in the trial balance, are:

The manufacture of the plant was completed on 30 September 2019 and the plant was brought into immediate use, but its cost has not yet been capitalised.

3. All plant is depreciated at 20% per annum (time apportioned where relevant) using the reducing balance method and charged to cost of sales.

4. On 1 January 2019, Rapcap plc acquired plant and machinery which had a cost of £30 million. The company traded in (part-exchanged) an old item of plant for a value of £10 million and paid cash of £20 million. The cash transaction has been accounted for in the trial balance above, but the trade-in has not yet been recorded. The plant traded in had been bought on 1 January 2017 at a cost of £12.5 million.

5. The investment property is let at commercial rates to tenants who are not connected to the company in any way. Rapcap plc adopts the fair value model in its accounting treatment of the asset. At 31 December 2019, the property had a value of £35 million.

6. The inventory at 31 December 2019 was valued at cost of £28.5 million. This includes £4.5 million of slow-moving goods. Rapcap plc is trying to sell these to another company, but has not been successful in obtaining a reasonable offer. The best price it has been offered is £2 million.

7. The Corporation tax account in the trial balance represents the under-provision of the previous year’s estimate. The estimated Corporation tax liability for the year ended 31 December 2019 is £9.2 million. At 31 December 2019 there were £42.5 million of taxable temporary differences. The Corporation tax rate is 20%.

Required:

1. Prepare for Rapcap plc, a Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019 and
2. A Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2019

(Note: A Statement of Changes in Equity is NOT required)

3. A schedule of movements in property, plant and equipment for the year ended 31 December 2019
4. The following ratios have been extracted from industry averages:

Calculate the relevant ratios for Rapcap plc and comment on the liquidity position of the company and its management of working capital.

The following trial balance relates to Rapcap plc at 31 December 2019:

The following notes are relevant:

1. At 1 January 2019, Rapcap plc had its land and buildings revalued to £400 million. This valuation includes a value for land of £80 million. The estimated remaining life of the building at that date was 40 years. Depreciation of buildings is charged on a straight-line basis and is allocated 70% to cost of sales, 20% to distribution costs and 10% to administrative expenses.

2. During the year, Rapcap plc manufactured an item of plant that it is using as part of its own operating capacity. The details of its cost, which is included in cost of sales in the trial balance, are:

The manufacture of the plant was completed on 30 September 2019 and the plant was brought into immediate use, but its cost has not yet been capitalised.

3. All plant is depreciated at 20% per annum (time apportioned where relevant) using the reducing balance method and charged to cost of sales.

4. On 1 January 2019, Rapcap plc acquired plant and machinery which had a cost of £30 million. The company traded in (part-exchanged) an old item of plant for a value of £10 million and paid cash of £20 million. The cash transaction has been accounted for in the trial balance above, but the trade-in has not yet been recorded. The plant traded in had been bought on 1 January 2017 at a cost of £12.5 million.

5. The investment property is let at commercial rates to tenants who are not connected to the company in any way. Rapcap plc adopts the fair value model in its accounting treatment of the asset. At 31 December 2019, the property had a value of £35 million.

6. The inventory at 31 December 2019 was valued at cost of £28.5 million. This includes £4.5 million of slow-moving goods. Rapcap plc is trying to sell these to another company, but has not been successful in obtaining a reasonable offer. The best price it has been offered is £2 million.

7. The Corporation tax account in the trial balance represents the under-provision of the previous year’s estimate. The estimated Corporation tax liability for the year ended 31 December 2019 is £9.2 million. At 31 December 2019 there were £42.5 million of taxable temporary differences. The Corporation tax rate is 20%.

Required:

1. Prepare for Rapcap plc, a Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended 31 December 2019 and
2. A Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2019

(Note: A Statement of Changes in Equity is NOT required)

3. A schedule of movements in property, plant and equipment for the year ended 31 December 2019
4. The following ratios have been extracted from industry averages:

Calculate the relevant ratios for Rapcap plc and comment on the liquidity position of the company and its management of working capital.