Ethics Case

James is a charted accountant at Golden Electronics Bhd. The company operates the business in Klang and involves in manufacturing of electronic appliances. The company currently has recorded total sales of RM25 million. It is the end of the first quarter 2020. James is hurriedly attempting to prepare a financial statement so that quarterly interim financial reports can be prepared and released to the board of directors and the regulatory agencies. While finalizing the accounts, he found that the total credits on the trial balance exceeded the debits by RM3,700. In order to meet the deadline, James decides to force the debits and credits into balance by adding the amount of the discrepancies to the Equipment account. He chose Equipment because it is one of the larger account balance; percentage-wise, it will be least misstated. James “plugs” the discrepancies! He believes that the discrepancies will not affect anyone’s decision. He wishes that he had another few days to find the error but realizes that the financial statements are already late.

Required:

1. Determine three stakeholders in this scenario? Discuss the significant of these stakeholders in the above scenario.
2. Critically discuss the ethical issues involved in this scenario?
3. What are James’s alternatives to overcome his problem? Discuss at least three alternatives.

Schedule of Cash Payments for a Service Company

EastGate Physical Therapy Inc. is planning its cash payments for operations for the first quarter (January–March). The Accrued Expenses Payable balance on January 1 is $34,100. The budgeted expenses for the next three months are as follows:

Other operating expenses include $4,300 of monthly depreciation expense and $1,000 of monthly insurance expense that was prepaid for the year on May 1 of the previous year. Of the remaining expenses, 65% are paid in the month in which they are incurred, with the remainder paid in the following month. The Accrued Expenses Payable balance on January 1 relates to the expenses incurred in December.

Prepare a schedule of cash payments for operations for January, February, and March. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

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Calculate cash payments in January, February, and March.

Suppose you live on the Moon and your home is located near the centre of the face that we see from Earth.

i) How long would your "lunar day" be? By "lunar day" I mean from when the Sun is on your meridian - your local "lunar noon" - to the next "lunar noon".

ii) If the Moon is full (as seen from Earth), what phase would you see for the Earth (new earth, first-quarter earth, full earth, etc)? Would it be day or night on the Moon? Explain.

iii) When you see sunrise on the Moon, in what phase would the Moon be (as seen from the Earth)? In what phase would you see the Earth at this time?

iv) What would you see if you were on the Moon during a total lunar eclipse?

v) What would you see if you were on the Moon during a total solar eclipse?

vi) Suppose the distance from Earth to the Moon were twice its actual value. Would it still be possible to see a total solar eclipse from Earth? Why or why not?

Schedule of Cash Payments for a Service Company

EastGate Physical Therapy Inc. is planning its cash payments for operations for the first quarter (January–March). The Accrued Expenses Payable balance on January 1 is $27,900. The budgeted expenses for the next three months are as follows:

Other operating expenses include $3,500 of monthly depreciation expense and $800 of monthly insurance expense that was prepaid for the year on May 1 of the previous year. Of the remaining expenses, 80% are paid in the month in which they are incurred, with the remainder paid in the following month. The Accrued Expenses Payable balance on January 1 relates to the expenses incurred in December.

Prepare a schedule of cash payments for operations for January, February, and March. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

Part A. Wollongong Credit Centre (WCC) provides loan to two types of clients; individuals and corporate client. WCC has two support departments: IT Support (IT) and Admin Support (Admin) department. In addition, WCC has two operation departments to deal with its two distinct clients named Individual clients and corporate clients department. For the next quarter, the following cost record including budgeted cost of support department to be allocated to operating department is as follows: Support Department Operation Department IT Admin Individual Corporate Total Budgeted costs $ 1,200,000 1,500,000 7,500,000 8,000,000 18,200,000 Support work supplied by IT 25% 40% 35% 100% Support work supplied by Admin 10% 30% 60% 100% Required (show your workings):

(a) Using the direct method, determine the amount of support department costs will be allocated to the two operation departments

(b) Using the step-down method, determine the amount of support department costs will be allocated to the two operation departments if the Admin department with the highest amount is allocated first.

(c) Compare and explain differences in the support-department allocated to each operation department.

This assignment will require you to prepare the cash budget and determine the cash surplus and shortage each month. The management estimates total sales for the period January through June based on actual sales from the immediate past six months. The following assumptions are made:

1. The Sales were $150,000 in January 2018 and then the sales grew by 10% each month for the first five months (February to June). The sales are expected to grow by 5% each month thereafter.

2. 50% of the Sales are collected in the same month. 45% of the sales are collected in the following month and remainder are not collected.

3. The Purchases are 20% of sales and paid in the same month.

4. Wages and Salaries are $10,000 each month and paid in the same month.

5. Depreciation expense is $5,000 each month.

6. An equipment worth $100,000 will be purchased with cash in October.

7. The company’s debt is $50,000 and the company pays coupon payments in June and December of each year. The coupon rate is 10% per year.

8. Rent Expenses will be $5000 and will be paid at the end of each calendar quarter.

Determine the cash surplus and shortages for each month from July to December. Provide your analysis.

The constant-growth dividend model will provide invalid solutions when:

Select one:

A. the growth rate of the share exceeds the required rate of return for the share.

B. the growth rate of the share is less than the required rate of return for the share.

C. the growth rate of the share equals the dividend yield for the share.

D. None of the above

A company has just paid its first dividend of $4.86. Next year's dividend is forecast to grow by 6 percent, followed by another 6 per cent growth in year two. From year three onwards dividends are expected to grow by 3.6 percent per annum, indefinitely. Investors require a rate of return of 15 percent p.a. for investments of this type. The current price of the share is (round to nearest cent)

Select one:

a. $46.13

b. $42.00

c. $22.50

d. $24.47

Each quarter, a company pays a dividend on its perpetual preference share. Today, the share is selling at $16.89. If the required rate of return for such shares is 10.7 percent p.a. compounding quarterly, what is the quarterly dividend paid by this company? (to the nearest cent; don’t include $ sign)

Graffiti Advertising, Inc., reported the following financial statements for the last two years.
  

a. Calculate the operating cash flow. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Operating cash flow            $
  
b. Calculate the change in net working capital. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Change in net working capital            $
  
c. Calculate the net capital spending. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Net capital spending            $
  
d. Calculate the cash flow from assets. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Cash flow from assets            $

e. Calculate the cash flow to creditors. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Cash flow to creditors            $

f. Calculate the cash flow to stockholders. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Cash flow to stockholders            $

Graffiti Advertising, Inc., reported the following financial statements for the last two years.
  

a. Calculate the operating cash flow. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Operating cash flow            $
  
b. Calculate the change in net working capital. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Change in net working capital            $
  
c. Calculate the net capital spending. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Net capital spending            $
  
d. Calculate the cash flow from assets. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Cash flow from assets            $

e. Calculate the cash flow to creditors. (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Cash flow to creditors            $

f. Calculate the cash flow to stockholders. (A negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.)
  
Cash flow to stockholders            $

5. The U.S. economy is at full employment when strong economic growth in Asia increases the demand for​ U.S.-produced goods and services.

The Fed​ ______ face a tradeoff in the short run because​ ______.

A. does​ not; it will move both real GDP and the price level back to their desired levels

B. does​ not; it is impossible to decrease real GDP and the price level simultaneously

C. ​does; it must increase real GDP and decrease the price level simultaneously

D. does; it must decrease real GDP and increase the price level simultaneously

E. does​ not; a tradeoff is a​ long-run phenomena

6. The three ways in which the U.S. fiscal imbalance might be successfully addressed are​ _______.

A. raising income​ taxes, raising Social Security​ taxes, and cutting Social Security benefits

B. keep borrowing by selling government​ bonds, cutting Social Security​ benefits, and eliminate the Affordable Care Act

C. eliminating the generational​ imbalance, cutting other government​ spending, and raising Social Security taxes

D. raising income​ taxes, cutting other government​ spending, and keep borrowing by selling government bonds

7. Fiscal policy is the use of the federal budget to​ _______.

A. achieve the macroeconomic objectives of positive economic growth and zero unemployment

B. finance government activities

C. achieve the macroeconomic objectives of high and sustained economic growth and full employment

D. keep interest rates low and steady

8. A cut in the income tax rate​ ________ the tax wedge and​ ________ employment,​ saving, and investment.

A. does not​ change; increases   B. increases; increases C. ​decreases; does not change D. increases; decreases E. decreases; increases

9. Read Eye on Fiscal Stimulus.

How big was the fiscal stimulus package of​ 2008-2009, how many jobs was it expected to​ create, and how large was the multiplier implied by that​ expectation?

Did the stimulus​ work?

The fiscal stimulus package of 2008–2009 was​ ___？____.

The fiscal stimulus package of 2008–2009 was expected to create​ ____？___ jobs. The multiplier implied by that expectation is​ ___？____.

The stimulus​ _______ the expectations of the Obama administration because​ _______.

A. did not​ meet; Congress failed to spend all of the fiscal stimulus

B. met; 650,000 jobs were created by using a combination of discretionary and automatic fiscal policy

C. ​met; the multiplier was much smaller than 1.6

D. did not​ meet; the multiplier was much smaller than 1.6