What are the quantum mechanisms behind the emission and absorption of thermal radiation at and below room temperature? If the relevant quantum state transitions are molecular (stretching, flexing and spin changes) how come the thermal spectrum is continuous? What about substances (such as noble gases) which don't form molecules, how do they emit or absorb thermal radiation? Is there a semi-classical mechanism (with the EM field treated classically) and also a deeper explanation using the full apparatus of QFT?

Kinetics of the Oxidation of a Water Soluable Dye: Explain the following three factors - (1) Discuss the kinetics of the oxidation reaction of blue dye (used as a food coloring) by common household bleach, (2) talk abouthow to determine the reaction order of this oxidation with respect to bleach and dye, and lastly, (3) talk about the quantitative and qualitative measures of how changes in temperature affect the reaction rate (provide a graphical illustration relating the significance of the integrated rate laws. Thanks!

What strategies can be employed to keep a constant cash balance? Suppose a corporation had as one objective maintaining its present level of cash. As the company grows and operates, what operational and financial strategies might follow or become necessary? What changes might have to be made? I am not speaking of cash management techniques per se (cash sweeps, commercial paper, etc) but company strategy being influenced by adopted financial policies.

Astro Corporation was started with the issue of 5,300 shares of $11 par stock for cash on January 1, 2018. The stock was issued at a market price of $20 per share. During 2018, the company earned $58,050 in cash revenues and paid $38,894 for cash expenses. Also, a $3,300 cash dividend was paid to the stockholders.

Required:

Prepare an income statement, statement of changes in stockholders’ equity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows for Astro Corporation’s 2018 fiscal year.

Consider two containers A and B where A is a rigid container and B is a container with a massless, frictionless piston that maintains constant pressure. NH₃ (g) is injected into both containers and allowed to come to equilibrium. At equilibrium, 2 atm of Argon gas is injected into each container. Explain any changes (up, down or no change) to the equilibrium concentrations of NH₃ , N₂ and H₂ ?

a) do the partial pressures of container A change or remain the same?

b) what happens to the volume in container B?

Examine the various exchange rate policies implemented by Turkey since 1980 in the context of expenditure-switching and expenditure-
changing purposes. Give specific examples and indicate the years or periods. By using data, explain which policy was more effective for each period. Answer whether changes after the 2000s can be classified under a different category. In your response, make use of proper terminalogy, evidence, ratios, and theoratical background you learned during the course.

Examine the various exchange rate policies implemented by Turkey since 1980 in the context of expenditure-switching and expenditure-
changing purposes. Give specific examples and indicate the years or periods. By using data, explain which policy was more effective for each period. Answer whether changes after the 2000s can be classified under a different category. In your response, make use of proper terminalogy, evidence, ratios, and theoratical background you learned during the course.

Explain (in your own words) the shape of the Hayashi track for a pre-main sequence star, noting the
most important physical changes that occur in a star as it moves from being a collapsing cloud of
gas to being a hydrogen burning main sequence star. Explain how this varies for low and high mass
stars. What is the best wavelength range to detect pre-main sequence stars, explain why.

Please answer all sections as they are about the same concept.

Sodium Borohydride Reduction of a Ketone

1. How will the dibenzalacetone product be isolated from the reaction mixture and how will it then be further purified? How will the product be characterized?

2. What apparatus and conditions (solvent, temp., reaction time, etc) will be used for the reaction?

3. Identify which is the reducing agent and which is the oxidizing agent in the reaction of benzophenone with sodium borohydride and explain your reasoning, ie. show the changes in oxidation states (best to give a drawing as per the introduction)?