1. Glucokinase and hexokinase perform the same enzymatic function yet their role in carbohydrate metabolism / homeostasis is substantially different. a. Describe their cellular distribution / locations, functions, enzyme kenetics, and their regulation of each. b. Describe how each contributes to glucose homeostasis. c. Describe how insulin and glucagon may regulate these two enzymes. 2. The liver is centrally involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels. a. Describe what and how the liver contributes to glucose levels in both fed and fasted states b. Describe the molecular sources of substrates for glucose production. It is important to discuss the cellular source of these molecules as well as the physiological conditions in which they would be produced. c. Explain how and why blood glucose concentrations become dis-regulated during both fed and fasted states with type II diabetes.

The law of one price states that:

The nominal exchange rates should always be the same as the real exchange rates, both in the short run and in the long run

In ideally efficient markets, the real purchasing power of a currency should be the same regardless of where it is spent

The cost of an individual good should be higher in countries with higher productivity

Which of the following scenarios illustrates why the law of one price may not hold? Check all that apply.

The formation of the European Union creates a custom union among its member states, where internally traded goods are not subject to custom duties, tariffs, or import quotas.

Small electronic devices, such as computer chips, are relatively light and can be shipped in bulk.

Cement is very heavy, and the cost of shipping is measured by weight.

On page 16-12, the text states that corporations (other than S corporations) are generally prohibited from using the cash method of accounting, but that there is an exception for “qualified personal service corporations.” The text states that a qualified personal service corporation is one that performs services in the fields of “health, law, engineering, architecture, accounting, actuarial science, performing arts, or consulting” and whose employees own substantially all of the stock of the corporation.

• Are there any other fields in which a qualified personal service corporation may provide services? If so, please list them.
• What is the test for determining if a qualified personal service corporation meets the stock ownership requirement? Describe in detail.
• What are the consequences of a corporation failing to meet the criteria as a qualified personal service corporation for a taxable year?

The table shows both the prospective profits and losses for a company (in thousands of dollars), depending on what decision is made and what state of nature occurs. Use the information to determine what the company should do. State the decision number and its value. Do all calculations within the spaces provided.

           

	States of Nature
	Pr = 0.30	Pr = 0.40	Pr = 0.30
Decision	s1	s2	s3
d1	30	80	-30
d2	100	30	-40
d3	-80	-10	120
d4	20	20	20

1. if a Maximin strategy is used.
2. if a Maximax strategy is used.
3. if Minimax Regret is the strategy.
4. if Equal Likelihood is the strategy.
5. What is the EVPI?

	States of Nature
	Pr = 0.30	Pr = 0.40	Pr = 0.30
Decision	s1	s2	s3
d1
d2
d3
d4

From the following artical, prepare the answer for question no. 1

Bookkeeping educational qualifications have undergone an overhaul, following a review of existing Certificate IV qualifications.

The Department of Education and Training has announced a new Certificate IV in Accounting and Bookkeeping, superseding the Certificate IV in Bookkeeping and Certificate IV in Accounting.

The changes follow an extensive review by PwC Skills for Australia on behalf of the Financial Services Industry Reference Committee, endorsed by the Australian Industry and Skills Committee.

The bookkeeping industry has also been vocal on the state of education standards in recent times.

The new Certificate IV in Accounting and Bookkeeping removes duplication in the previous qualifications and now has eight core units and five elective units.

According to the review, several units of competency in the previous qualifications were identified as out of date, with skills gaps in understanding GST and processing payroll for bookkeeping.

In addition to the new Certificate IV, a new Diploma of Payroll Services has also been introduced, after the review found that existing payroll training was not sufficient for industry requirements.

“Despite payroll’s importance, only limited nationally recognised training is currently available. In addition, no nationally recognised payroll qualifications exist to provide learners with the suite of skills required for a payroll administrator or payroll manager,” the review stated.

Registered training organisations (RTOs) will be given 12 months to develop new resources to align training outcomes in line with the new requirements.

Institute of Certified Bookkeepers chief development officer, Rick Van Dyk, said the changes were welcomed and reflected the modernisation of the profession.

“The Certificate IV in place at the moment simply needed to be modernised and some of the learning outcomes of the current Cert IV needed to be reviewed so it would be more applicable to today’s requirements for a professional bookkeeper,” said Mr Van Dyk.

Having been involved in the consultation process, the ICB believes the new competency units, such as 'FNSACC416 Set up and operate a computerised accounting system' and 'BSBSMB412 Introduce cloud computing into business operations', will provide more contemporary training for bookkeepers.

"There is a unit of competency called ‘set up and operate a computerised accounting system’ – that was a core unit in the Cert IV of Accounting but was not a core for Cert IV in Bookkeeping, but that is very much a core function for bookkeeping,” said Mr Van Dyk.

“Also, in the previous Cert IV there was typically a couple of units where they would get their hands dirty in the software and that would be the payroll unit and the cash and accrual unit.

“Ninety per cent of the training organisations would use MYOB desktop software so the student goes through the whole Cert IV learning process using desktop software and not being educated on what are the options for the cloud,” he added.

“One of the skill sets a bookkeeper really needs is if they are dealing with a client who is using a desktop system, they have to do a business case on why that client is beneficial to switch to the cloud and in that unit it actually has what are the benefits to the business, what are the various options and costing.

“That unit is great because it develops their skill on creating awareness on what cloud solutions are out there, and talking to the business owner and developing a business case, and how to implement that.”

‘The only way is up’

The new chief executive of the Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT), Rochelle Park, was particularly pleased with the new Diploma of Payroll Services.

“If bookkeepers are wanting to expand, this certainly provides them with the confidence that they are recognised for their skills and knowledge,” Ms Park said.

“I think it’s also an indication of the continued maturity of our profession,” she added.

Ms Park noted the Fair Work Ombudsman has made it “very, very clear” that it won’t tolerate non-compliance with payroll obligations, and that inadequate education or ignorance is not a defence.

“Bookkeepers navigating the world of payroll services have never had this level of education available to them in a formalised format. It will very much help towards navigating a complex regulatory environment,” Ms Park said.

Question 1 - 9 marks (1,500 words)

The CEO has forwarded to you an interesting article and requires you to provide her with a deeper theoretical understanding of the issues discussed so that she can fully engage in the lively discourse at an upcoming conference.

You are required to find a newspaper article or web page report of an item of accounting news, i.e. it refers to a current event, consideration, comment or decision that has been published after the 1st of January 2018. Your article could also come from one of the professional journals. The article should not come from an academic journal. Academic journals generally do not contain news articles or articles of less than one page and are usually only published 2 or 4 times a year. If you are having a problem ensuring that your article is from an appropriate source contact your subject coordinator.

You then need to explain the article that you have found in your own words and clearly relate the concepts, ideas and facts within the article to one or more of the theories or topics that you have studied this session. Support your analysis of the assumptions and implications of the topic or theory as appropriate with reference to sources in APA 6 style. For example, this article from the Sydney Morning Herald in April 2016 could be linked to the topics of accounting regulation and measurement (and perhaps others). You must provide a copy of the article or web page, with details of the source, date and page number with your answer.

People are still dying of cancer linked to asbestos, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control says, despite decades of regulations meant to limit dangerous exposure.

Starting in 1971, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has regulated how much asbestos workers can be exposed to, because it contains tiny fibers that can cause lung disease or cancer if they are swallowed or inhaled.

The Environmental Protection Agency regulates asbestos too, setting requirements for inspecting, demolishing and renovating buildings that contain materials made with asbestos, like insulation, vinyl tiles, roofing, shingles, and paint.

But, a recent CDC analysis found that thousands of people are still dying each year from a type of cancer called malignant mesothelioma that is associated with inhaling asbestos fibers, even briefly or in small amounts. Even after decades of regulation, between 1999 and 2015 there were 45,221 mesothelioma deaths in the U.S. The majority of those who died were men.

The greatest increase is among people over 85 years old, who were likely exposed to asbestos many years ago. It can take anywhere from two to seven decades for mesothelioma to develop after a person inhales asbestos fibers. And early deaths among people 35 to 65 are down overall.

But, investigators say, the fact that people younger than 55 are still dying of a disease linked to asbestos means that workers are still being exposed to dangerous levels of asbestos despite federal regulations.

One source is asbestos that was originally installed years ago, and gets stirred up during a building renovation or a demolition project. People exposed in this way are sometimes referred to as the "third wave" of people with asbestos disease, as we have reported. The first two waves were asbestos miners and manufacturers, and then tradesmen, such as pipe fitters or shipbuilders.

For example, the CDC researchers note that although there appears to be a general decline in asbestos on worksites between 1979 and 2003, "20 percent of air samples collected in the construc­tion industry in 2003 for compliance purposes exceeded the OSHA permissible exposure limit [for asbestos]."

And asbestos is still being used in new products. A report on the findings published Tuesday in the Journal of the American Medical Association, notes "Asbestos production stopped in the United States in 2002, but it is imported into the country to produce chemicals used in manufacturing common items such as soap, fertilizers, and alkaline batteries."

More than 350 metric tons of the mineral were used in 2015 in the U.S., according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

The CDC analysis also found that mesothelioma deaths were not evenly distributed across the country, despite the fact that the material is regulated at the federal level.

It is difficult to say why some states seem to have higher rates of death associated with asbestos. The authors note that, because the analysis is based on death certificate data, it does not necessarily mean that more people are being exposed to asbestos in states with high rates of mesothelioma deaths, although that is possible. Alternatively, people may have been exposed to asbestos in a different state than the one where they eventually died.

But the overall number of deaths nationally is concerning. "The continuing occurrence of malignant mesothelioma deaths underscores the need for maintaining asbestos exposure prevention efforts and for ongoing surveillance," the authors write.

For homeowners and consumers who are concerned about asbestos, the EPA has guidelines about how to identify asbestos products and how to have the material safely removed during a renovation.

Q. How this issue relates to environmental concerns and consumer protections?

Please Note:

The answer should be 2-3 pages long

Matt’s Landscaping Pty Ltd is registered for GST purposes. It accounts for GST on the accruals basis and submits its Business Activity Statements monthly. Assume that all amounts in the question include GST when applicable.

The business operates from Brisbane’s north-side and its main business is to design and establish new gardens at shopping centres and office parks, and to provide ongoing garden maintenance services to clients.

During October 2018, Matt’s Landscaping Pty Ltd was involved in the following transactions:

* Designing and establishing a new garden at the refurbished Westfield shopping centre at North Lakes. The invoice issued on 25 October 2018 totalled $27,600.

* Ongoing garden maintenance services for clients. Invoices issued in October 2018 totalled $55,200.

* Matt’s Landscaping Pty Ltd prepared plans for the elaborate gardens of a new hotel being built in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. The plans were sent to Dubai by airfreight on 1 October 2018. Matt’s Landscaping Pty Ltd issued an invoice for $17,500 on 15 October 2018.

* Purchases of plants, fertiliser and decorative stones from Brunnings Warehouse, one of Australia’s largest household hardware chains, totalled $9,900.

* The company purchased 100 square meters of Buffalo lawn from a retired school teacher who decided to dig up the lawn of his acreage in Caboolture to put down asphalt so that he no longer had to mow his lawn. The school teacher charged Matt’s Landscaping Pty Ltd $660 on 19 October 2018.

*The company purchased a second-hand lawnmower from a large supplier in Perth for $990 on 1 October 2018. The lawnmower was delivered a day later by a nationwide courier company that charged $110 for this service.

* Salaries and wages paid to staff in October 2018 totalled $12,000.

* Fuel costs for the company’s vehicles, lawnmowers and hedge trimmers totalled $1,980 during October 2018.

* The business operated from rented offices in North Lakes owned by a listed property group. Rent for October 2018 totalled $1,000.

* The October invoice that Matt’s Landscaping Pty Ltd received from the electricity and gas supplier for the rental property totalled $275.

* Purchases of milk, sugar, tea bags and coffee powder from a grocery store totalled $100 in October 2018. These were placed in a tea room in the rented offices for the exclusive use of staff.

* On 1 October 2018, Matt’s Landscaping Pty Ltd purchased a new one and a half tonne utility vehicle for $82,500.

* The company purchased specialised pruning shears from a company in France during October 2018. The shears cost $1,500 and international freight and insurance cost $100.

* Interest paid to the Commonwealth Bank of Australia in October 2018 on an overdraft facility totalled $660.

You are required to:

Calculate the GST payable or GST refundable for October 2018. Show all your calculations and provide reasons for your answers

How has the Affordable Care Act affected the healthcare benefits offered to Americans, as well as the cost of healthcare? How have individual states reacted to the federal exchanges? Has the ACA been successful in meeting its original goals and intentions?

The compound manganese(II) iodide, MnI₂ is soluble in water. Write the net ionic equation for the dissociation reaction that occurs when solid manganese(II) iodide dissolves in water:

Use the pull-down boxes to specify states such as (aq) or (s).

Lab Test Question for Principles of Biology 2. Give explanation and pictures and/or diagrams if possible

1. Understand what distinguishes an outgroup taxon and ancestral vs. derived states.

2. How can you identify maximum parsimony in trees