Explain this python program as if you were going to present it to a class in a power point presentation. How would you explain it? I am having a hard time with this. I have my outputs and code displayed throughout 9 slides.
#Guess My Number Program
# Python Code is modified to discard duplicate guesses by the
computer
import random
#function for getting the user input on what they want to do.
def menu():
#print the options
print("\n\n1. You guess the number\n2. You type a number and see if
the computer can guess it\n3. Exit")
#Loop until correct choice is entered.
while True:
#using try-except for the choice will handle the non-numbers
#if user enters letters, then except will show the message, Numbers
only!
try:
#Taking input and converting to integer.
c=int(input("Enter your choice: "))
# if input is correct, return number.
if(c>=1 and c<=3):
return c
#if input is not correct, print message and ask again.
else:
print("Enter number between 1 and 3 inclusive.")
#For non numeric input, throw exception.
except:
#print exception
print("Numbers Only!")
#This function is the main game for the player.
def guessingGame(): #user guesses the number generated randomly by
the computer
#defining minimum and maximum value.
min_number=1
max_number=10
#set number of guesses = 0
numGuesses=0
guessed_numbers = [] #list of guessed numbers
#Generating a random number between min and max which user has to
guess.
rand=random.randint(min_number, max_number)
#While loop, comparing the users guessed number with the random
number.
#If it matches, it will say you guessed it.
while (True):
#use try-block
try:
#Asking for input from the player.
guess=eval(input("Please try to guess my number between 1 and
10:"))
#Adding guess to list of guesses.
guessed_numbers.append(guess)
#check if the guess is less than 0, then continue to beginning of
the loop
if(guess<0):
continue;
#if guess is correct, print results.
elif (guess==rand):
#increment the guess count by 1
numGuesses=numGuesses+1
#Print results
print("You guessed it! It took you {}
attempts".format(numGuesses))
# print the guesses numbers list
print('You picked the following numbers:
'+str(guessed_numbers))
#break will end the loop once the guess is a match.
#Conditions if the guess is too low or too high to keep
guessing
break
#If guess is lower than actual then increasing guess count and
print low message.
elif(guess < rand):
#increment the guess count by 1
numGuesses = numGuesses +1
print("Too low")
#if guess is higher than actual then increasing guess count and
print low message.
else:
#increment the guess count by 1
numGuesses = numGuesses + 1
print("Too high")
except:
#print exception
print("Numbers only!")
# In guessingGameComp function, computer will guess the number
entered by the user. I have modified the code so that wherever
computer generates same random number again, it will not be taken
into account.
# For e.g., if initially computer guessed the number to be 3, and
again it tries to guess the number 3.So, this limitation is
removed
def guessingGameComp():
countGuess=0 #initially, number of guess attempts 0.
guessed_numbers = [] # list of guessed numbers
#taking input number from user
userNumber=int(input("\nPlease enter a number between 1 and 10 for
the computer to guess:"))
#execute below loop only when number entered by user is between 0
and 11.
while userNumber > 0 and userNumber < 11:
while True:
countGuess+=1 #counting the attempts by computer
compRand = random.randint(1,10) #random number guessed by
computer
#if compRand is already guesses, do not count this attempt
if(compRand in guessed_numbers):
#decreasing count by 1 because guess is already guessed.
countGuess = countGuess - 1;
#remove this line of code if you dont want to show already guessed
numbers.
print("\n Already guessed number: ", compRand)
continue
#add valid guessed number to guessed_numbers list.
guessed_numbers.append(compRand)
#if number guessed by computer is correct, break out of loop.
if(userNumber==compRand):
#if guess is correct, print list of guesses and count the
guesses.
print("\nThe computer guessed it! It took {}
attempts".format(countGuess))
print("\nThe computer guessed the following numbers:
"+str(guessed_numbers))
break
#if number guesses by computer is higher than user input
elif(compRand
print("\nThe computer guessed {} which is too
low".format(compRand))
#if number gueesed by computer is less than user input
else:
print("\nThe computer guessed {} which is too
high".format(compRand))
break
def main():
print("Welcome to my Guess the number program!") #Printing welcome
message
name = input("What's your name: ") #taking name of user as
input
print("Hello ",name,) #greeting user
while True:
#Show menu and take input from user.
userChoice=menu() #If user choice is 1, this means player will play
game.
if userChoice==1:
guessingGame()#If user choice is 2, this means computer will play
the game.
elif userChoice==2:
guessingGameComp()#If choice is 3, then user will exit the
game.
elif userChoice==3:
print("\nThanks", name, "for playing the guess the number game!")
#greeting user after the game ended.
break
else: #For invalid choice print error message.
print("Invalid choice!!!")
#call the main function
main()
In: Computer Science
complete the public T removeRandom(), public SetADT<T> union(SetADT<T> set), and the incomplete part in the arraysettester
arrayset.java
package arraysetpackage;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ArraySet<T> implements SetADT<T>
{
private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 20;
private int count;
private T[] setValues;
private Random rand;
public ArraySet (){
this(DEFAULT_SIZE);
} // end of constructor
public ArraySet (int size){
count = 0;
setValues = (T[]) new
Object[size];
rand = new Random();
} // end of constructor
public void add(T element) {
if (contains(element))
return;
if (count == setValues.length)
{
T[] temp = (T[])
new Object[setValues.length*2];
for (int i = 0;
i < setValues.length; i++) {
temp[i] = setValues[i];
}
setValues =
temp;
}
setValues[count] = element;
count++;
}
public void addAll(SetADT<T> set) {
Iterator<T> iter =
set.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()){
System.out.println(iter.next());
}
// finish: this method adds all of
the input sets elements to this array
}
public boolean contains(T target) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++
)
if
(setValues[i].equals(target))
return true;
return false;
}
public String toString () {
String toReturn = "[";
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
toReturn +=
setValues[i] + " ";
}
toReturn +="]";
return toReturn;
}
public boolean equals(SetADT<T> set) {
// finish: tests to see if this set
and the input set have exactly the same
// elements
return false; // this is just
generic, you need to change the return
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return count==0;
}
public Iterator<T> iterator() {
return new
ArraySetIterator<T>(setValues,count);
}
public T remove(T element) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++ )
{
if
(setValues[i].equals(element)) {
T toReturn = setValues[i];
setValues[i] = setValues[count-1];
count--;
return toReturn;
}
}
throw new
NoSuchElementException("not present");
}
public T removeRandom() {
// finish: remove and return a
random element. you will use the
// local rand object
return null; // this is just
generic, you need to change the return
}
public int size() {
return count;
}
public SetADT<T> union(SetADT<T> set)
{
// finish: a new set is created and
returned. This new set will
// contain all of elements from
this set and the input parameter set
return null; // this is just
generic, you need to change the return
}
}
arraysetester.java:
package arraysetpackage;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class ArraySetTester {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SetADT <String> mySet = new
ArraySet<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 12;
i++)
mySet.add(new
String("apple"+i));
System.out.println(mySet);
System.out.println("mysize =
"+mySet.size()+ " [expect 12]");
mySet.add(new String
("apple0"));
System.out.println("mysize =
"+mySet.size()+ " [expect 12]");
System.out.println("contains 11? =
"+mySet.contains(new String("11")));
System.out.println("contains
apple11? = "+mySet.contains(new String("apple11")));
try {
String
removedItem = mySet.remove("apple7");
System.out.println(mySet);
System.out.println(removedItem+ " was removed");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("item not found, can't remove");
}
try {
String
removedItem = mySet.remove("apple17");
System.out.println(mySet);
System.out.println(removedItem+ " was removed");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("item not found, can't remove");
}
Iterator<String> iter =
mySet.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()){
System.out.println(iter.next());
}
SetADT <String> mySet2 = new ArraySet<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 12;
i++)
mySet2.add(new
String("orange"+i));
System.out.println(mySet2);
// add code here to test methods
you finish in ArraySet
// after you complete the existing
methods, do the Case Study
// Approach 1 will be here in the
main
// Approach 2 will be here in
ArraySetTester, but you will
// create a local static method
that you will call from the main
// Approach 3 will start with
uncommenting the prototype in SetADT
// and then creating the method in
ArraySet. Finally you will write
// code here to test the new
method
}
}
arraysetiterator.java
package arraysetpackage;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
public class ArraySetIterator <T> implements Iterator
<T> {
private int position; //Always points to the next
value
private T [] values;
private int count;
public ArraySetIterator (T [] theValues, int aCount)
{
position = 0;
values = theValues;
count = aCount;
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return position < count;
}
public T next() {
if (position >= count)
throw new
NoSuchElementException("Past " + count + " elements");
position++;
return values[position - 1];
}
public void remove() {
throw new
UnsupportedOperationException("No
remove for ArraySet");
}
}
setadt.java
package arraysetpackage;
import java.util.Iterator;
public interface SetADT<T> {
public void add (T element); //Adds one element to
this set, ignoring duplicates
public void addAll (SetADT<T> set); //Adds all
elements in the parameter to this set,
// ignoring duplicates
public T removeRandom (); //Removes and returns a
random element from this set
public T remove (T element); //Removes and returns the
specified element from this set
public SetADT<T> union (SetADT<T> set);
//Returns the union of this set and the
// parameter
public boolean contains (T target); //Returns true if
this set contains the parameter
//public boolean contains(SetADT<T> Set); //
Returns true if this set contains the parameter
public boolean equals (SetADT<T> set); //Returns
true if this set and the parameter
//contain exactly same elements
public boolean isEmpty(); //Returns true if this set
contains no elements
public int size(); //Returns the number of elements in
this set
public Iterator<T> iterator(); //Returns an
iterator for the elements in this set
public String toString(); //Returns a string
representation of this set
}
In: Computer Science
Clopack Company manufactures one product that goes through one processing department called Mixing. All raw materials are introduced at the start of work in the Mixing Department. The company uses the weighted-average method of process costing. Its Work in Process T-account for the Mixing Department for June follows (all forthcoming questions pertain to June):
| Work in Process—Mixing Department | |||
| June 1 balance | 28,000 | Completed and transferred to Finished Goods | ? |
| Materials | 120,000 | ||
| Direct labor | 79,500 | ||
| Overhead | 97,000 | ||
| June 30 balance | ? | ||
The June 1 work in process inventory consisted of 5,000 units with $16,000 in materials cost and $12,000 in conversion cost. The June 1 work in process inventory was 100% complete with respect to materials and 50% complete with respect to conversion. During June, 37,500 units were started into production. The June 30 work in process inventory consisted of 8,000 units that were 100% complete with respect to materials and 40% complete with respect to conversion.
1 .Prepare the journal entries to record the raw materials used in production and the direct labor cost incurred. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
2. Prepare the journal entry to record the overhead cost applied to production. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
3. How many units were completed and transferred to finished goods during the period?
4. Compute the equivalent units of production for materials.
5. Compute the equivalent units of production for
conversion.
6. What is the cost of beginning work in process inventory plus the
cost added during the period for materials?
7. What is the cost of beginning work in process inventory plus the cost added during the period for conversion?
8. What is the cost per equivalent unit for materials? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
9. What is the cost per equivalent unit for conversion? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
10. What is the cost of ending work in process inventory for materials? (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 places.)
11. What is the cost of ending work in process inventory for conversion?
12. What is the cost of materials transferred to finished goods? (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 places.)
13. What is the amount of conversion cost transferred to finished goods?
14. Prepare the journal entry to record the transfer of costs from Work in Process to Finished Goods. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
15.
15-a. What is the total cost to be accounted for?
15-b. What is the total cost accounted for?
In: Finance
Barfly Inc. manufactures and markets a line of non-alcoholic mixers sold to restaurants and bars. Barfly’s Creative Bartender has recently experimented with making alcoholic versions with the intention of bottling and marketing these directly to the public through appropriate retail outlets. Prior spending on R&D was $1.5 million and Barfly anticipates spending half of that again during the first year of the project to conclude R&D (for total R&D of $2.25 million). The cost of building the manufacturing line is estimated at $1,175,000. Marketing projects revenues from the new product line will be 800,000 units in the first year, growth in years 2 and 3 at 15%, growth in year 4 at 10%, and 5% for year 5. While Barfly anticipates the product will have a longer life than 5 years, their initial projections are for a 5 year time horizon, fully depreciating the cost of plant and equipment over that time on a straight-line basis. Revenue per unit is projected to be $2.50 in the first year, with prices rising by 3% per year thereafter. COGS are projected to be 68% of revenues, SG&A 7% of revenues, and the company’s marginal tax rate is 32%. Net working capital required for the project is expected to be 2% of revenues annually once the project is fully online in year 1. Barfly’s balance sheet includes $3,000,000 in total capital, of which $980,000 is debt. The market yield to maturity on debt is 3.75%, the risk free rate on a 5-year Treasury is 3%, and the market risk premium is 6.5%. The company’s beta is 1.3 and the CFO uses the CAPM to estimate cost of equity.
Management has been studying the company’s capital structure and is considering using a small secondary offering of stock to pay down debt. The following data is used to determine the cost of debt under varying capital structures.
|
Debt ratio |
Spread to Treasuries |
Yield on Debt |
|
0% - <10% |
0.00% |
3.000% |
|
10% - < 20% |
0.15% |
3.150% |
|
20% - < 30% |
0.30% |
3.300% |
|
30% - < 40% |
0.50% |
3.500% |
|
40% - < 50% |
0.75% |
3.750% |
|
50% - < 60% |
1.05% |
4.050% |
|
60% - < 70% |
1.35% |
4.350% |
|
70% - < 80% |
1.90% |
4.900% |
|
80% - < 90% |
2.50% |
5.500% |
|
90% - < 100% |
3.10% |
6.100% |
|
100% - < 110% |
3.80% |
6.800% |
|
110% - < 120% |
4.70% |
7.700% |
|
120% - < 130% |
6.00% |
9.000% |
|
130% - < 140% |
7.20% |
10.200% |
|
140% - < 150% |
9.00% |
12.000% |
|
150% - < 160% |
11.00% |
14.000% |
2)Should management move towards this capital structure? Why or why not?
In: Finance
Clopack Company manufactures one product that goes through one processing department called Mixing. All raw materials are introduced at the start of work in the Mixing Department. The company uses the weighted-average method of process costing. Its Work in Process T-account for the Mixing Department for June follows (all forthcoming questions pertain to June):
| Work in Process—Mixing Department | |||
| June 1 balance | 28,000 | Completed and transferred to Finished Goods | ? |
| Materials | 120,000 | ||
| Direct labor | 79,500 | ||
| Overhead | 97,000 | ||
| June 30 balance | ? | ||
The June 1 work in process inventory consisted of 5,000 units with $16,000 in materials cost and $12,000 in conversion cost. The June 1 work in process inventory was 100% complete with respect to materials and 50% complete with respect to conversion. During June, 37,500 units were started into production. The June 30 work in process inventory consisted of 8,000 units that were 100% complete with respect to materials and 40% complete with respect to conversion.
1. Prepare the journal entries to record the raw materials used in production and the direct labor cost incurred. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
2. Prepare the journal entry to record the overhead cost applied to production. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
3. How many units were completed and transferred to finished goods during the period?
4. Compute the equivalent units of production for materials.
5. Compute the equivalent units of production for conversion.
6. What is the cost of beginning work in process inventory plus the cost added during the period for materials?
7. What is the cost of beginning work in process inventory plus the cost added during the period for conversion?
8. What is the cost per equivalent unit for materials? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
9. What is the cost per equivalent unit for conversion? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
10. What is the cost of ending work in process inventory for materials? (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 places.)
11. What is the cost of ending work in process inventory for conversion?
12. What is the cost of materials transferred to finished goods? (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 places.)
13. What is the amount of conversion cost transferred to finished goods?
14. Prepare the journal entry to record the transfer of costs from Work in Process to Finished Goods. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.)
15-a. What is the total cost to be accounted for?
15-b. What is the total cost accounted for?
In: Accounting
Wells Printing is considering the purchase of a new printing press. The total installed cost of the press is $ 2.15 million. This outlay would be partially offset by the sale of an existing press. The old press has zero book value, cost $ 1.01 million 10 years ago, and can be sold currently for $ 1.29 million before taxes. As a result of acquisition of the new press, sales in each of the next 5 years are expected to be $ 1.65 million higher than with the existing press, but product costs (excluding depreciation) will represent 54 % of sales. The new press will not affect the firm's net working capital requirements. The new press will be depreciated under MACRS- using a 5-year recovery period. The firm is subject to a 40 % tax rate. Wells Printing's cost of capital is 11.4 % (Note: Assume that the old and the new presses will each have a terminal value of $ 0at the end of year 6.)
Rounded Depreciation Percentages by Recovery Year Using
MACRS for
First Four Property Classes
Percentage by recovery year*
Recovery year 3 years 5 years
7 years 10 years
1 33% 20% 14%
10%
2 45% 32% 25%
18%
3 15% 19% 18%
14%
4 7% 12% 12%
12%
5 12% 9%
9%
6 5% 9%
8%
7 9%
7%
8 4%
6%
9
6%
10
6%
11
4%
Totals 100% 100%
100% 100%
a. Determine the initial investment required by the new press.
a. Determine the initial investment required by the new press.
Calculate the initial investment will be: (Round to the nearest dollar.)
|
Installed cost of new press |
$ |
|||
|
Proceeds from sale of existing press |
$ |
|||
|
Taxes on sale of existing press |
$ |
|||
|
Total after-tax proceeds from sale |
$ |
|||
|
Initial investment |
$ |
b. Determine the operating cash flows attributable to the new press. (Note: Be sure to consider the depreciation in year 6.)
c. Determine the payback period.
d. Determine the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) related to the proposed new press.
e. Make a recommendation to accept or reject the new press, and justify your answer.
SHOW ALL WORK!!! Including formulas
In: Statistics and Probability
1.
During the first 13 weeks of the television season, the Saturday evening 8:00 P.M. to 9:00 P.M. audience proportions were recorded as ABC 30%, CBS 27%, NBC 25%, and independents 18%. A sample of 300 homes two weeks after a Saturday night schedule revision yielded the following viewing audience data: ABC 93 homes, CBS 63 homes, NBC 88 homes, and independents 56 homes. Test with = .05 to determine whether the viewing audience proportions changed. Use Table 12.4.
Round your answers to two decimal places.
χ 2 = ?
2.
With double-digit annual percentage increases in the cost of
health insurance, more and more workers are likely to lack health
insurance coverage (USA Today, January 23, 2004). The
following sample data provide a comparison of workers with and
without health insurance coverage for small, medium, and large
companies. For the purposes of this study, small companies are
companies that have fewer than 100 employees. Medium companies have
100 to 999 employees, and large companies have 1000 or more
employees. Sample data are reported for 50 employees of small
companies, 75 employees of medium companies, and 100 employees of
large companies.
| Health Insurance | |||||
| Size of Company | Yes | No | Total | ||
| Small | 32 | 18 | 50 | ||
| Medium | 68 | 7 | 75 | ||
| Large | 89 | 11 | 100 | ||
| Small | % |
| Medium | % |
| Large | % |
In: Statistics and Probability
Integrative—Complete investment decision
Wells Printing is considering the purchase of a new printing press. The total installed cost of the press is $2.11 million. This outlay would be partially offset by the sale of an existing press. The old press has zero book value, cost $1.02 million 10 years ago, and can be sold currently for $1.28 million before taxes. As a result of acquisition of the new press, sales in each of the next 5 years are expected to be $1.57 million higher than with the existing press, but product costs (excluding depreciation) will represent 46% of sales. The new press will not affect the firm's net working capital requirements. The new press will be depreciated under MACR
|
Rounded Depreciation Percentages by Recovery Year Using MACRS for First Four Property Classes |
|||||
|
Percentage by recovery year* |
|||||
|
Recovery year |
3 years |
5 years |
7 years |
10 years |
|
|
1 |
33% |
20% |
14% |
10% |
|
|
2 |
45% |
32% |
25% |
18% |
|
|
3 |
15% |
19% |
18% |
14% |
|
|
4 |
7% |
12% |
12% |
12% |
|
|
5 |
12% |
9% |
9% |
||
|
6 |
5% |
9% |
8% |
||
|
7 |
9% |
7% |
|||
|
8 |
4% |
6% |
|||
|
9 |
6% |
||||
|
10 |
6% |
||||
|
11 |
4% |
||||
|
Totals |
100% |
100% |
100% |
100% |
|
|
*These percentages have been rounded to the nearest whole percent to simplify calculations while retaining realism. To calculate the actual depreciation for tax purposes, be sure to apply the actual unrounded percentages or directly apply double-declining balance (200%) depreciation using the half-year convention. |
|||||
using a 5-year recovery period. The firm is subject to a 40% tax rate. Wells Printing's cost of capital is 11.1%.(Note: Assume that the old and the new presses will each have a terminal value of $0 at the end of year 6.)
a. Determine the initial investment required by the new press.
b. Determine the operating cash flows attributable to the new press. (Note: Be sure to consider the depreciation in year 6.)
c. Determine the payback period.
d. Determine the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) related to the proposed new press.
e. Make a recommendation to accept or reject the new press, and justify your answer.
In: Finance
Net cash flows-No terminal value Central Laundry and Cleaners is considering replacing an existing piece of machinery with a more sophisticated machine. The old machine was purchased 3 years ago at a cost of $47,100, and this amount was being depreciated under MACRS using a 5-year recovery period. The machine has 5 years of usable life remaining. The new machine that is being considered costs $76,700 and requires $4,000 in installation costs. The new machine would be depreciated under MACRS using a 5-year recovery period. The firm can currently sell the old machine for $54,300 without incurring any removal or cleanup costs. The firm is subject to a tax rate of 40%. The revenues and expenses (excluding depreciation and interest) associated with the new and the old machines for the next 5 years are given in the table
New machine
Old machine
Year Revenue Expenses
(excluding depreciation and interest)
Revenue Expenses
(excluding depreciation and interest)
1 $749,200 $719,600
$673,700 $659,100
2 749,200 719,600
675,700 659,100
3 749,200 719,600
679,700 659,100
4 749,200 719,600
677,700 659,100
5 749,200 719,600
673,700 659,100
(Table
Rounded Depreciation Percentages by Recovery Year Using MACRS
for
First Four Property Classes
Percentage by recovery year*
Recovery year 3 years 5 years
7 years 10 years
1
33%
20%
14% 10%
2
45%
32%
25%
18%
3
15% 19%
18% 14%
4
7%
12%
12% 12%
5
12%
9% 9%
6
5% 9%
8%
7
9% 7%
8
4% 6%
9
6%
10
6%
11
4%
Totals 100% 100%
100% 100%
contains the applicable MACRS depreciation percentages.) Note: The new machine will have no terminal value at the end of 5 years.)
a. Calculate the initial investment associated with replacement of the old machine by the new one.
b. Determine the incremental operating cash inflows associated with the proposed replacement. (Note: Be sure to consider the depreciation in year 6.)
c. Depict on a time line the relevant cash flows found in parts (a) and (b) associated with the proposed replacement decision.
In: Finance
**Urgent Please
Paulson Technologies Inc.
Paulson Industries Inc. is an established mid-level tech firm concentrating on the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Augmented Reality (AR) platform analysis and distribution into automated manufacturing processes throughout the United States and Canada. It is based in Riverside, California for which the company originally was spun off from Magnum Industries, Inc. and then was sold to Ocean Intel Partners-a private equity firm before the original owners repurchased the firm eleven years ago. Due to location and the evolution of the company’s target market within the high-tech sector of the economy, the company concentrates its efforts on the single product line mentioned above. Paulson is motivated to diversify its product line up to create greater consistency of cash flows and hence reduce the overall level of risk; they theorize this will enhance its market value and overall appeal to the market while pursuing a transaction (sale of company) as the owners contemplate retirement and a new generation to lead the company.
Currently, Paulson has hired a market research firm (Boston Solutions, Inc.) to gauge an estimate of expected unit sales that they think will likely emerge over the next five years. Their work has resulted in an estimate of 165,487, 178,788, 164,369, 159,327 and 93,675 units respectively for the next five years conditioned on Paulson adhering to an average sales price of $412 per unit for the first two years and $349 in years three, four, and five. From that point going forward, growth in unit sales are predicted to be 2.85% indefinitely.
After the results of an internal company analysis by the Corporate Finance staff, it has been determined that the company can manufacture its product line at a variable cost per unit expected to be $143.50 growing at 4.05% per year for the first 5 years and 4.65% per year indefinitely thereafter while overall fixed costs are estimated to be $11,487,500 annually for the first year and then grow 3.94% per year indefinitely.
The necessary capital expenditures are projected to be $31,175,775 upfront and due to the nature of the investments that Paulson makes, it is deemed by the IRS to be depreciated on the seven-year MACRS schedule. In the terminal phase of growth, investment strategy will likely change to that of a maintenance orientation in support of AI/AR opportunities. As such, an average annual depreciation charge following a straight-line depreciation method is anticipated to be $1,167,750 reflecting a scaled down one-time 4-year investment strategy.
Working capital to support sales is estimated to be 11.27% of yearly sales for the first 5 years and then is projected to slow to a 3.89% annual growth rate thereafter.
The marginal corporate income tax rate is expected to average 21.67% barring any changes to the corporate tax code and the projected annual growth rate of Free Cash Flow (FCF) in the terminal phase is expected to grow approximately the current risk-free rate of return indefinitely. Historically, the debt-equity ratio has averaged roughly 163% for which Paulson’s current debt level is $12,678,991 with an average maturity of 6 years and an interest rate on this debt averaging 9.47%. Upon a regression analysis, the historical equity Beta was calculated to be 2.135, while the risk-free rate of return is given as 2.5625% and the market rate of return is assumed to be 12.225%%. Currently there are 3,461,228 shares of common stock outstanding.
You have been hired by Paulson Industries Inc. to determine the following:
Operating Cash Flow for each of the first 5 years and the Terminal Phase
Free Cash Flow for each of the first 5 years and the Terminal Phase
What the Asset Beta (Industry Beta) is that can use in its analysis
What the appropriate discount rate is for valuing the firm and hence stock price
What the asset value of the firm
What the equity value of the firm
What the appropriate stock price
In: Finance