The following selected circumstances relate to pending lawsuits for Erismus, Inc. Erismus’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Financial statements are issued in March 2022. Erismus prepares its financial statements according to U.S. GAAP.
  
Required:
Indicate the amount Erismus would record as an asset, a liability or if no accrual would be necessary in the following circumstances.

1. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes the company has a slightly worse than 50/50 chance of eventually prevailing in court, and that if it loses, the judgment will be $1,000,000.
2. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. If it loses, management believes that damages could fall anywhere in the range of $2,000,000 to $4,000,000, with any damage in that range equally likely.
3. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. If it loses, management believes that damages will eventually be $5,000,000, with a present value of $3,500,000.
4. Erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $1,000,000.
5. Erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Erismus’s management believes it is virtually certain that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $500,000.
  

The following selected circumstances relate to pending lawsuits for Erismus, Inc. Erismus’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Financial statements are issued in March 2019. Erismus prepares its financial statements according to U.S. GAAP.
  
Required:
Indicate the amount Erismus would record as an asset, liability, or not accrued in the following circumstances.

1. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes the company has a slightly worse than 50/50 chance of eventually prevailing in court, and that if it loses, the judgment will be $1,000,000.
2. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. If it loses, management believes that damages could fall anywhere in the range of $2,000,000 to $4,000,000, with any damage in that range equally likely.
3. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. If it loses, management believes that damages will eventually be $5,000,000, with a present value of $3,500,000.
4. Erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $1,000,000.
5. Erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Erismus’s management believes it is virtually certain that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $500,000.

The following selected circumstances relate to pending lawsuits for Erismus, Inc. Erismus’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Financial statements are issued in March 2019. Erismus prepares its financial statements according to U.S. GAAP. Required: Indicate the amount Erismus would record as an asset, liability, or not accrued in the following circumstances. 1. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes the company has a slightly worse than 50/50 chance of eventually prevailing in court, and that if it loses, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 2. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. If it loses, management believes that damages could fall anywhere in the range of $2,000,000 to $4,000,000, with any damage in that range equally likely. 3. Erismus is defending against a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company will lose in court. If it loses, management believes that damages will eventually be $5,000,000, with a present value of $3,500,000. 4. Erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Erismus's management believes it is probable that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $1,000,000. 5. Erismus is a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Erismus’s management believes it is virtually certain that the company eventually will prevail in court, and that if it prevails, the judgment will be $500,000.

Carla, Inc. is a furniture manufacturing company with 50 employees. Recently, after a long negotiation with the local labor union, the company decided to initiate a pension plan as a part of its compensation plan. The plan will start on January 1, 2020. Each employee covered by the plan is entitled to a pension payment each year after retirement. As required by accounting standards, the controller of the company needs to report the pension obligation (liability). On the basis of a discussion with the supervisor of the Personnel Department and an actuary from an insurance company, the controller develops the following information related to the pension plan. Average length of time to retirement 15 years Expected life duration after retirement 10 years Total pension payment expected each year after retirement for all employees. Payment made at the end of the year. $812,100 per year The interest rate to be used is 9%. On the basis of the information above, determine the present value of the pension obligation (liability). (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.)

Top Notch Homes Ltd. (TNH) is a privately owned company selling a luxury range of home equipment. Fiona Fielding, the daughter of the company’s founder, took over responsibility for running the company in December 2018. She has little management experience. Her main interest is in developing a new business line to broaden the company’s activities. She has no interest in day-to-day internal control activities preferring instead to adopt a more informal management style. Fiona found a supplier of a new design of hot tub in Norway. She immediately started to import these hot tubs financed by a substantial bank overdraft. The company sells to retailers at £2,000 per unit representing a typical mark-up of 100% on cost. At first sales averaged 50 units per month. Demand was so great that Fiona was forced to engage a second supplier in Finland but at a purchase cost of £1,500 per unit. That supplier required Fiona to sign a three-year contract committing to purchase 400 units per annum. In the last two months of the accounting period ended 31 December 2019, sales of the hot tubs have fallen significantly and the selling price has had to be reduced by 30%. The hot tubs are sold with a three-year warranty. Some of the units bought from Finland have developed faults which cannot be rectified on site. Customers have insisted that the faulty units be replaced or a complete refund given. Fiona is reluctant to tell the auditors exactly how many units have had to be replaced. At the year-end, inventory consisted of 200 saunas. Fiona is adamant that these should be valued at cost. Payments due to the suppliers have been delayed because there have been problems reconciling the invoices payable to suppliers with the deliveries received from them. The supplier in Norway is threatening legal action to enforce payment and the supplier in Finland is insisting on cash upfront before any more deliveries are made.

Outline FIVE substantive audit procedures that the auditors of TNH could undertake and explain the purpose of each

Hillside Furniture Company makes outdoor furniture from recycled products, including plastics and wood by-products. Its three furniture products are gliders, chairs with footstools, and tables. The products appeal primarily to cost-conscious consumers and those who value the recycling of materials. The company wholesales its products to retailers and various mass merchandisers. Because of the seasonal nature of the products, most orders are manufactured during the winter months for delivery in the early spring. Michael Cain, founder and owner, is dismayed that sales for two of the products are tracking below budget. The following chart shows pertinent year-to-date data regarding the company’s products. Certain that the shortfall was caused by a lack of effort by the sales force, Michael has suggested to Lisa Boyle, the sales manager, that the company announce two contests to correct this situation before it deteriorates. The first contest is a trip to Hawaii awarded to the top salesperson if incremental glider sales are attained to close the budget shortfall. The second contest is a golf weekend, complete with a new set of golf clubs, awarded to the top salesperson if incremental sales of chairs with footstools are attained to close the budget shortfall. The Hawaiian vacation would cost $16,500 and the golf trip would cost $12,500. Glider Chair with Footstool Table Actual Budget Actual Budget Actual Budget Number of units 2,600 4,000 6,900 8,000 3,500 3,300 Average sales price $80.00 $85.00 $61.00 $65.00 $24.00 $25.00 Variable costs Direct labor: Hours 2.50 2.25 3.25 3.00 0.60 0.50 Cost/hour $11.00 $10.00 $9.50 $9.25 $9.00 $9.00 Direct material $16.00 $15.00 $11.00 $10.00 $6.00 $5.00 Sales commission $15.00 $15.00 $10.00 $10.00 $5.00 $5.50 Promotional activity costs: Hawaiian vacation = $16,500 Golfing trip = $12,500 Explain whether either contest is desirable or not. Supplement your analysis by determining the total contribution margin for Gliders and for Table-and-Chair sets under each of the following assumptions: actual sales volume at actual selling price, actual resource usage, and actual costs,

Which type of medical intervention can partly offset the effects of moral hazard after insurance is acquired?

Discuss the Key Characteristic of an intangible asset and explain how intangible assets are initially measured and whether the measurement differs depending on whether the assets are acquired in a business combination or internally generated by an entity.

For intangible asset "Goodwill":

What happens if the amount paid for a business is less than the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. what journal entries need to be record?