2. Bigger sample is not always better – one of the worst statistical mistakes ever made in the history of statistics happened in the 1936 U.S. Presidential Election. The incumbent president Franklin Roosevelt of the Democratic Party and Alf Landon of the Republican Party are the two main presidential candidates. Look the event up at this webpage http://www.math.upenn.edu/~deturck/m170/wk4/lecture/case1.html and answer the following questions.

1. Find the Literary Digest’s pre-election prediction for Roosevelt and Landon, in percentage of popularity vote. (One percentage for Roosevelt and one for Landon.)
2. Find the 1936 Presidential election result for Roosevelt and Landon, in percentage of popularity vote.

(One percentage for each.)

3. Find the sample size used by Literary Digest.
4. The Literary Digest’s sample has a problem with the selection bias. Identify the target population, sampling frame and briefly explain why there was a selection bias.
5. The Literary Digest’s sample also has a problem with the non-response bias. Report the number of surveys sent, number of surveys received, and calculate the non-response rate (in %).
6. The Literary Digest’s sample has a problem with the response bias. Mind you that the US is in their eighth year of the Great Depression. Briefly explain how the Great Depression has anything to do with the response bias.
7. Find the sample size used by George Gallop.
8. What was his (George Gallup’s) pre-election prediction for Roosevelt, in percentage of popularity vote? (Please look this question (h) up on the internet. The numbers may vary from different sources or web sites. Just pick one and it will not be marked based on the accuracy of the numbers.)

Using techniques from an earlier section, we can find a confidence interval for μ_d. Consider a random sample of n matched data pairs A, B. Let d = B − A be a random variable representing the difference between the values in a matched data pair. Compute the sample mean

d

of the differences and the sample standard deviation s_d. If d has a normal distribution or is mound-shaped, or if n ≥ 30, then a confidence interval for μ_d is as follows.

d − E < μ_d < d + E

where E = t_c

c = confidence level (0 < c < 1)

t_c = critical value for confidence level c and d.f. = n − 1

(a) Using the data above, find a 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between percentage increase in company revenue and percentage increase in CEO salary. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

(b) Use the confidence interval method of hypothesis testing to test the hypothesis that population mean percentage increase in company revenue is different from that of CEO salary. Use a 5% level of significance.

Since μ_d = 0 from the null hypothesis is in the 95% confidence interval, reject H₀ at the 5% level of significance. The data do not indicate a difference in population mean percentage increases between company revenue and CEO salaries.Since μ_d = 0 from the null hypothesis is not in the 95% confidence interval, do not reject H₀ at the 5% level of significance. The data indicate a difference in population mean percentage increases between company revenue and CEO salaries.    Since μ_d = 0 from the null hypothesis is in the 95% confidence interval, do not reject H₀ at the 5% level of significance. The data do not indicate a difference in population mean percentage increases between company revenue and CEO salaries.Since μ_d = 0 from the null hypothesis is not in the 95% confidence interval, reject H₀ at the 5% level of significance. The data indicate a difference in population mean percentage increases between company revenue and CEO salaries.

write pseudocode not c program

If- else programming exercises

1.    Write a C program to find maximum between two numbers.

2.    Write a C program to find maximum between three numbers.

3.    Write a C program to check whether a number is negative, positive or zero.

4.    Write a C program to check whether a number is divisible by 5 and 11 or not.

5.    Write a C program to check whether a number is even or odd.

6.    Write a C program to check whether a year is leap year or not.

7.    Write a C program to check whether a character is alphabet or not.

8.    Write a C program to input any alphabet and check whether it is vowel or consonant.

9.    Write a C program to input any character and check whether it is alphabet, digit or special character.

10.    Write a C program to check whether a character is uppercase or lowercase alphabet.

11.    Write a C program to input week number and print week day.

12.    Write a C program to input month number and print number of days in that month.

13.    Write a C program to count total number of notes in given amount.

14.    Write a C program to input angles of a triangle and check whether triangle is valid or not.

15.    Write a C program to input all sides of a triangle and check whether triangle is valid or not.

16.    Write a C program to check whether the triangle is equilateral, isosceles or scalene triangle.

17.    Write a C program to find all roots of a quadratic equation.

18.    Write a C program to calculate profit or loss.

19.    Write a C program to input marks of five subjects Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics and Computer. Calculate percentage and grade according to following:

Percentage >= 90% : Grade A

Percentage >= 80% : Grade B

Percentage >= 70% : Grade C

Percentage >= 60% : Grade D

Percentage >= 40% : Grade E

Percentage < 40% : Grade F

20.    Write a C program to input basic salary of an employee and calculate its Gross salary according to following:

Basic Salary <= 10000 : HRA = 20%, DA = 80%

Basic Salary <= 20000 : HRA = 25%, DA = 90%

Basic Salary > 20000 : HRA = 30%, DA = 95%

NewTech Medical Devices is a medical devices wholesaler that commenced business on June 1, 2019. NewTech Medical Devices purchases merchandise for cash and on open account. In June 2019, NewTech Medical Devices engaged in the following purchasing and cash payment activities:

Required:
Journalize the transactions in a general journal.


Analyze:
What was the amount of trade discounts received on the June 15 purchase from Park Research?

Issued Check 101 to purchase merchandise, $3,800.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Purchased merchandise for $1,350 from BioCenter Inc., Invoice 606; terms 2/10, n/30.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Purchased merchandise for $5,150, plus a freight charge of $100, from New Concepts Corporation, Invoice 1011, terms 2/10, n/30.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Paid amount due to BioCenter Inc. for purchase of June 3, less discount, Check 102.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Received Credit Memorandum 227 from New Concepts Corporation for damaged merchandise totaling $350 that was returned; the goods were purchased on Invoice 1011, dated June 5.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Purchased merchandise for $1,610 from BioCenter Inc., Invoice 612; terms 2/10, n/30.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Paid amount due to New Concepts Corporation for Invoice 1011 of June 5, less the return of June 10 and less the cash discount, Check 103.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Purchased merchandise with a list price of $8,500 and trade discounts of 20 percent and 15 percent from Park Research, Invoice 1029, terms n/30.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Issued Check 104 to purchase merchandise, $2,300.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

Returned merchandise purchased on June 20 as defective, receiving a cash refund of $210.

Note: Enter debits before credits.

1 (a). Define the followings:

Cost pool

Cost driver

Direct cost allocation

Step-down cost allocation

Direct Cost

Indirect Cost

Fixed cost

Variable cost

(b) Effective cost drivers, and hence the resulting cost allocation system, must have what two important attributes?

(c) What is the better cost driver for the costs of a hospital’s financial services department: patient services department revenues or number of bills generated? Explain your rationale.

Fanning Company produces two products. Budgeted annual income statements for the two products are provided as follows.

   Required:

1. Based on budgeted sales, determine the relative sales mix between the two products.

2. Determine the weighted-average contribution margin per unit.

3. Calculate the break-even point in total number of units.

4. Determine the number of units of each product Fanning must sell to break even.

5. Verify the break-even point by preparing an income statement for each product as well as an income statement for the combined products.

6. Determine the margin of safety based on the combined sales of the two products.

Based on budgeted sales, determine the relative sales mix between the two products.

Determine the weighted-average contribution margin per unit.

Calculate the break-even point in total number of unit.

Determine the number of units of each product Fanning must sell to break even.

Verify the break-even point by preparing an income statement for each product as well as an income statement for the combined products.

Determine the margin of safety based on the combined sales of the two products. (Round your answer to 1 decimal place.(i.e., 0.234 should be entered as 23.4))

Product Costs and Product Profitability Reports, using a Single Plantwide Factory Overhead Rate

Elliott Engines Inc. produces three products—pistons, valves, and cams—for the heavy equipment industry. Elliott Engines has a very simple production process and product line and uses a single plantwide factory overhead rate to allocate overhead to the three products. The factory overhead rate is based on direct labor hours. Information about the three products for 20Y2 is as follows:

              Budgeted Volume (Units)            Direct Labor Hours Per          Unit Price Per Unit Direct Materials Per Unit

Pistons        5,000                                0.50                            $45          $ 8
Valves           12,500                                             0.30       17 3
Cams           1,500                                               0.20                              60                                  40

The estimated direct labor rate is $30 per direct labor hour. Beginning and ending inventories are negligible and are, thus, assumed to be zero. The budgeted factory overhead for Elliott Engines is $163,750. If required, round all per unit answers to the nearest cent.

a. Determine the plantwide factory overhead rate.

$____ per dlh

b. Determine the factory overhead and direct labor cost per unit for each product.

                  Direct Labor Hours Per Unit           Factory Overhead Cost Per Unit            Direct Labor Cost Per Unit

Pistons                 ____dlh                                           $____                                              $____
Valves                  ____dlh                                            $____    $____
Cams                   ____dlh                                           $____    $____

c. Use the information provided to construct a budgeted gross profit report by product line for the year ended December 31, 20Y2. Include the gross profit as a percent of sales in the last line of your report, rounded to one decimal place. Enter all amounts as positive numbers, except for a negative gross profit/gross profit percentage of sales.

                                                                                           Orange County Engine Parts Inc.
                                                                                   Product Line Budgeted Gross Profit Reports
                                                                                     For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y2

                                                          Pistons             Valves               Cams

Revenues                                             $____    $____    $____

Product Costs
Direct Materials                                    $____    $____    $____
Direct Labor                                         $                       $                       $
Factory Overhead                               $                       $                       $
Total Product Costs                              $ $ $
Gross profit                                          $                       $ $
Gross profit percentage of sales                 %                     %                      %

North Star is trying to determine its optimal capital structure, which now consists of only common equity. The firm will add debt to its capital structure if it minimizes its WACC, but the firm has no plans to use preferred stock in its capital structure. In addition, the firm’s size will remain the same, so funds obtained from debt issued will be used to repurchase stock. The percentage of shares repurchased will be equal to the percentage of debt added to the firm’s capital structure. (In other words, if the firm’s debt-to-capital ratio increases from 0 to 25%, then 25% of the shares outstanding will be repurchased.) North Star is a small firm with average sales of $25 million or less during the past 3 years, so it is exempt from the interest deduction limitation. Its treasury staff has consulted with investment bankers. On the basis of those discussions, the staff has created the following table showing the firm’s debt cost at different debt levels: Debt-to-Capital Ratio (Wd) Equity-to-Capital Ratio (Wc) Debt-to-Equity Ratio (D/E) Bond Rating Before-Tax Cost of Debt (rd) 0.00 1.00 0.0000 AA 5.0% 0.25 0.75 0.3333 A 6.0 0.50 0.50 1.0000 BBB 8.3 0.75 0.25 3.0000 BB 11.0 The firm has total capital of $5 million and 200,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Its EBIT is $500,000 and will not change if debt, at any of the levels shown in the preceding table, is added to the firm’s capital structure. North Star uses the CAPM to estimate its cost of common equity, . It estimates that the risk-free rate is 3.5%, the market risk premium is 4.5%, and its tax rate is 25%. North Star’s current beta, which is because it has no debt, is 1.25. Calculate the firm’s interest expense for each of the capital structures shown in the preceding table. (Wd) (Wc) (rd) EBIT Interest 0.00 1.00 5.0% 500,000 0.25 0.75 6.0 500,000 0.50 0.50 8.3 500,000 0.75 0.25 11.0 500,000

Gap Inc.'s Sales, Cost of Goods Sold, and Gross Profit

The consolidated balance sheets of Gap Inc. included merchandise inventory in the amount of $1,600 as of January 30, 2016 (the end of fiscal year 2015) and $1,639 as of January 31, 2015 (the end of fiscal year 2014). Net sales were $14,542 and $14,688 at the end of fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. Cost of goods sold and occupancy expenses were $9,283 and $8,793 at the end of fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. All amounts are from Gap Inc.’s 2015 Form 10-K.

How does this entry affect the accounting equation?
If a financial statement item is not affected, select "No Entry" and leave the amount box blank or enter "0". If the effect is negative, use the minus sign.
Enter amounts in millions of dollars. For example, 12,400,000,000 would be entered as 12,400.

Reconstruct the Cost of Goods Sold section of Gap Inc.'s 2015 income statement. Enter amounts in millions of dollars. For example, 12,400,000,000 would be entered as 12,400.

5. Calculate the gross profit ratios for Gap Inc. for 2015 and 2014. If required, round the percentage to one decimal place.

PLEASE TYPE OUT ANSWERS

Using the appropriate model (EOQ or EPQ) answer the following questions: (10 points) a) In the basic EOQ model, if the cost of placing an order is reduced by half, and all other values remain constant, will the EOQ value increase or decrease and by what percentage? (2 points) b) A product whose EOQ is 100 units experiences an increase in ordering cost from $10 per order to $40 per order. The revised EOQ is? (2 points) c) A product has a demand of 4000 units per year. Ordering cost is $40, and holding cost is $4 per unit per year. The lead-time is doubling from 2 days to 4 days, what is the impact to the economic order quantity? Why? (2 points) d) A production order quantity problem has a daily demand rate = 25 and a daily production rate = 100. The production order quantity for this problem is 500 units. What is the average inventory for this problem? (2 points) e) The new office supply discounter, Paper Clips, Etc. (PCE), sells a certain type of ergonomically correct office chair that costs $500. The holding cost per unit per year is 25% of the item cost, annual demand is 6000 units, and the ordering cost is $80 per order. The lead time is normally distributed and on average takes 12 days with a standard deviation of 2 day. Because demand is variable (standard deviation of daily demand is 5 chairs), PCE has decided to establish a customer service level of 90% (Z=1.28). The store is open 300 days per year. What is the reorder point? (2 points)