Is a college class at a public university a Private good, Public good, or Club good

Why would an economist argue that tuition is not the largest cost of attending a state university?

write a 500 words essay about how attendance in university should not be compulsory.

how (any university) fits with your academic and professional goals. 150 words

Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California summarized in 2 paragraphs

. Every Tuesday afternoon during the school year, a certain university brought in a visiting speaker to present a lecture on some topic of current interest. On the day after the fourth lecture of the year, a random sample 250 students was selected from the student body at the university, and each of these students was asked how many of the four lectures they had attended. The counts for each combination of number of lectures and classification are given in the table below. number of lectures attended 0 1 2 3 4 freshman 14 19 20 4 13 classification sophomore 10 16 27 6 11 junior 15 15 17 4 9 senior 19 8 6 5 12 Suppose that an student is selected at random from this group. Let A denote the event that the selected student is a freshman, B denote the event that the selected student attended 3 lectures.

a) Calculate P(A), P(B), and P(A ∩ B).

b) Calculate both P(A | B) and P(B | A), and explain, in context, what each of these probabilities represents.

c) Calculate the probability that the selected student attended at least 2 lectures.

d) If the selected student attended at least 2 lectures, what is the probability that he or she is a junior?

Analysis of South American Operations

Claire Jackson (CEO) of Easy Learning (EL) is considering discontinuing operations in South America, which are based in Argentina. For a variety of reasons it has been a challenge for EL to grow the busi- ness in this region and costs continue to rise because of high inflation. Results from the most recent fiscal year just ended are shown below.

Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $400,000

Variable expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,000

Contribution margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $220,000

Fixed expenses .................................                               310,000

Operating income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ($90,000)

If the South American operations are discontinued, Jackson has identified the following implications:

1.  Assets with an original cost of $485,000, mostly leasehold improvements and computer equipment, can be sold for $15,000. Assume that the assets are completely written off for both accounting purposes and tax purposes (i.e., $0 NBV and UCC) and that the salvage proceeds of $15,000 are not taxable. 


2. Severance pay for the three full-time employees will total $50,000. Severance pay is a tax deductible expense. 


3.  Of the total annual fixed expenses of $310,000, $40,000 represents an allocation from head office for computer support and will continue to be incurred even if the South American operations are discontinued. 


4.  The corporate tax rate in Argentina is 35%. 


Jackson is also considering the option of trying to make the South American operations profitable. She believes that with more emphasis on marketing and sales, EL could be successful. Details and assumptions made by Jackson for this option are as follows:

1.  To increase sales, an additional marketing specialist would be hired immediately at an annual cost of $110,000 including benefits. This is $20,000 higher than the next highest paid employee in EL's Argentina office. 


2.  The new marketing specialist should be able to acquire two new customers in each of the next two years and each customer will generate annual revenue of $100,000. One additional new customer will be acquired each year thereafter and each will generate annual revenue of $100,000. 


3.  Hiring a new marketing specialist will necessitate the purchase of office furniture with a total cost of $5,000. The CCA rate in Argentina for office furniture is 10%. Assume there is no CCA half- year rule in Argentina. 


4.  EL will not lose any existing customers over the next five years and will be able to retain all newly acquired customers over that same period. This contrasts with the typical churn rate for high-tech companies of about 20% per year. 


5.  Variable expenses will continue at the same rate as in the most recent fiscal period for the next five years. 


6.     The marketing specialist will receive a commission of 10% of revenue generated from new cus- tomer acquisitions. 


7.  Existing total fixed expenses of $310,000 per year, including the $40,000 allocation from head of- fice for computer support, will be unchanged for the next five years. 


Required:

1.    Should the South American operations be discontinued or should Jackson hire a new marketing 
specialist in an attempt to grow the business? Because of the uncertainty in the South American operating environment, Jackson wants you to preparee your analysis of the two options for a five- year period. EL has a required return of 12%. 


2.  Regardless of your recommendation for part 1, what qualitative factors should Jackson consider when deciding whether or not to discontinue operations in South America? 


3.  Assume that the marketing specialist will be able to acquire two new customers in the first year, but thereafter only one new customer will be acquired each year. Each new customer will generate an- nual revenue of $100,000. Given this new assumption, revise your analysis of the option to con- tinue operations in South America. Assume all other details and assumptions regarding this option remain unchanged. Should the operations be discontinued or should the new marketing specialist be hired? 


4.  What do the results of the revised analysis in part 3 above suggest about the riskiness of the option to hire a new marketing specialist? How could this risk be incorporated in your analysis? 


All of us use electronic devices and may replace them from time to time. Some people have been raising the alarm about disposal of these products.

1. What happens to electronic devices that are discarded by consumers? These are tangible physical products. Research this topic to find out where exactly the old computers, tablets, cell phones etc go to. Provide references for your answer. Your response should not be “I threw it in the garbage”, you need to track what happens to the garbage. Are these products bio-degradable? Will they leak chemicals that affect the environment?
2. A related issue is product design. Look up Apple Sales of its iPhone X and other models. Some reports note that iPhone6 etc have worked so well that consumers have been using them for several years and do not see the need to “upgrade” – that is, throw away the old phone and get a new one. While that may not be great for Apple, it might be great for the environment! Should companies design electronic products to last longer? Discuss.

. The following quote is from Mallet J (2006) What does Drosophila genetics tell us about speciation? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21:386-393

“Studies [in] Drosophila have given insight into the genetic changes that result in reproductive isolation. Here, I survey some extraordinary and important advances in Drosophila speciation research. However, ‘reproductive isolation’ is not the same as ‘speciation’, and this Drosophila work has resulted in a lopsided view of speciation.”

Focus in on the last sentence in this quote and answer the following questions:

a. What is speciation? (4 points)

b. What is reproductive isolation? (4 points)

c. Define species according to the Biological Species Concept (BSC). (4 points)

d. Given the BSC, what does the author mean that speciation and reproductive isolation are not synonymous? (4 points)

e. In any event, species concepts are difficult to deal with. The definitions we have for species do not often work for all species. Give an example of how the Biological Species Concept “breaks down” in some cases. (4 points)