Was B.F Skinner just a cool scientist who based his opinions only on observable behavior or was he was he complicated individual who only believed in behaviorism?

(a) On 1 July 2018, Zahid rented out his properties as follows:
(i) An apartment was rented to Abdul Qadir at a monthly rent of Rs. 40,000. Zahid received a non-adjustable security deposit of Rs. 300,000 which was partly used to repay the non-adjustable security deposit amounting to Rs. 175,000 received from the previous tenant in July 2013. He also spent Rs. 20,000 on repairs of the apartment in February 2019.
(ii) A bungalow was rented to a bank. Zahid and his younger brother are joint owners of the bungalow in the ratio of 60:40 respectively. The annual rent agreed with the bank was Rs. 6,000,000 which is inclusive of Rs. 100,000 per month for utilities, cleaning and security. Zahid paid Rs. 35,000 per month for providing these services. Required: Under the provisions of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 compute total and taxable income of Zahid for the tax year 2019 under appropriate heads of income. (07)
(b) Identify due date of filing of tax return in each of the following cases, under the provisions of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001:
(i) An individual who’s entire income falls under final tax regime (0.5)
(ii) An individual who derives his income from business which falls under normal tax regime. (0.5)
(iii) An individual filing return in response to a notice received from the Commissioner who believes that he is likely to discontinue his business. (01)
(iv) An individual filing return in response to a notice received from the Commissioner for not filing return of income of the previous tax year. (01)

(kindly solve in the context of pakistan and please do it in typed form)

After graduating from university last year with a degree in accounting and finance, Jim Hale took a job as a trainee analyst for an investment company in Melbourne. Jim’s first few weeks were filled with a series of rotations throughout the firm’s various operating units, but this week he was assigned to one of the firm’s traders as an analyst. On Jim’s first day, his boss called Jim in and told him he wanted to do some rudimentary analysis of the investment returns of the regional airline Regional Express Holdings Ltd (REX). Specifically, Jim was given the following month-end closing prices for the company spanning the months from September 2019 to August 2020:

Jim was then instructed by his boss to complete the following tasks using the REX price data (note that REX paid no dividend during 2008).

1. Compute the monthly realized rates of return earned by REX for the entire year.

2. Calculate the average monthly rate of return for REX, using both the arithmetic and geometric averages.

3. Calculate the year-end price for REX, computing the compound value of the beginning-of-year price of $ 1.11 per share for 12 months at the geometric average monthly rate of return calculated earlier: End-of-year stock price = Beginning-of-year stock price X (1+ Geometric average monthly rate of return)¹²

4. Compute the annual rate of return for REX using the beginning share price for the period and the ending price (i.e. $1.11 and $0.82).

5. Use the geometric average monthly rate of return and the following relationship to calculate the annual rate of return: Compound annual rate of return= (1+ Geometric average monthly rate of return)¹² -1

6. If you were given annual rate of return data for REX or any other company’s shares and you were asked to estimate the average annual rate of return an investor would have earned over the sample period by holding the shares, would you use an arithmetic or geometric average of the historical rates of return? Explain your response as if you were talking to a client who has had no formal training in finance or investments.

Assume that 40% of graduates come from University A and and earn salaries of 30,000 on average with a standard deviation of 5,000. The remainder come from University B and earn salaries of 25,000 on average with a standard deviation of 7,500. If you are told that a graduate is earning less than 35,000, what is the probability that they came from University A? (Assume salaries are normally distributed.)

Waterways Corporation is a private corporation formed for the purpose of providing the products and the services needed to irrigate farms, parks, commercial projects, and private lawns. It has a centrally located factory in a U.S. city that manufactures the products it markets to retail outlets across the nation. It also maintains a division that performs installation and warranty servicing in six metropolitan areas.

The mission of Waterways is to manufacture quality parts that can be used for effective irrigation projects that also conserve water. By that effort, the company hopes to satisfy its customers, perform rapid and responsible service, and serve the community and the employees who represent them in each community.

The company has been growing rapidly, so management is considering new ideas to help the company continue its growth and maintain the high quality of its products.

Waterways was founded by Will Winkman who is the company president and chief executive officer (CEO). Working with him from the company’s inception is Will’s brother, Ben, whose sprinkler designs and ideas about the installation of proper systems have been a major basis of the company’s success. Ben is the vice president who oversees all aspects of design and production in the company.

The factory itself is managed by Todd Senter who hires his line managers to supervise the factory employees. The factory makes all of the parts for the irrigation systems. The purchasing department is managed by Helen Hines.

The installation and training division is overseen by vice president Henry Writer, who supervises the managers of the six local installation operations. Each of these local managers hires his or her own local service people. These service employees are trained by the home office under Henry Writer’s direction because of the uniqueness of the company’s products.

There is a small human resources department under the direction of Sally Fenton, a vice president who handles the employee paperwork, though hiring is actually performed by the separate departments. Teresa Totter is the vice president who heads the sales and marketing area; she oversees 10 well-trained salespeople.

The accounting and finance division of the company is headed by Ann Headman, who is the chief financial officer (CFO) and a company vice president; she is a member of the Institute of Management Accountants and holds a certificate in management accounting. She has a small staff of accountants, including a controller and a treasurer, and a staff of accounting input operators who maintain the financial records.

A partial list of Waterways’ accounts and their balances for the month of November follows.

A list of accounts and their values are given above. From this information, prepare a cost of goods manufactured schedule, an income statement, and a partial balance sheet for Waterways Corporation for the month of November. (List Current Assets in order of liquidity.)

Waterways Problem 01 b1-b3 (Part Level Submission)

Waterways Corporation is a private corporation formed for the purpose of providing the products and the services needed to irrigate farms, parks, commercial projects, and private lawns. It has a centrally located factory in a U.S. city that manufactures the products it markets to retail outlets across the nation. It also maintains a division that performs installation and warranty servicing in six metropolitan areas.

The mission of Waterways is to manufacture quality parts that can be used for effective irrigation projects that also conserve water. By that effort, the company hopes to satisfy its customers, perform rapid and responsible service, and serve the community and the employees who represent them in each community.

The company has been growing rapidly, so management is considering new ideas to help the company continue its growth and maintain the high quality of its products.

Waterways was founded by Will Winkman who is the company president and chief executive officer (CEO). Working with him from the company’s inception is Will’s brother, Ben, whose sprinkler designs and ideas about the installation of proper systems have been a major basis of the company’s success. Ben is the vice president who oversees all aspects of design and production in the company.

The factory itself is managed by Todd Senter who hires his line managers to supervise the factory employees. The factory makes all of the parts for the irrigation systems. The purchasing department is managed by Helen Hines.

The installation and training division is overseen by vice president Henry Writer, who supervises the managers of the six local installation operations. Each of these local managers hires his or her own local service people. These service employees are trained by the home office under Henry Writer’s direction because of the uniqueness of the company’s products.

There is a small human resources department under the direction of Sally Fenton, a vice president who handles the employee paperwork, though hiring is actually performed by the separate departments. Teresa Totter is the vice president who heads the sales and marketing area; she oversees 10 well-trained salespeople.

The accounting and finance division of the company is headed by Ann Headman, who is the chief financial officer (CFO) and a company vice president; she is a member of the Institute of Management Accountants and holds a certificate in management accounting. She has a small staff of accountants, including a controller and a treasurer, and a staff of accounting input operators who maintain the financial records.

A partial list of Waterways’ accounts and their balances for the month of November follows.

A list of accounts and their values are given above. From this information, prepare an income statement.

The term clientele effect refers to the tendency of firms to attract investors who like their dividend policies. Three potential investors are described in the table.

Indicate which type of firms they are most likely to be attracted to.

Defense Dynamics Co. is a typical company that is very concerned with meeting investors’ expectations and keeping investors happy. Its earnings tend to fluctuate from year to year because of the nature of the business the company is in. Which of these statements most likely describes Defense Dynamics Co.’s dividend policy?

Defense Dynamics Co. will be willing to increase its dividend only if it believes that it will be able to maintain the dividend increase in future years.

Defense Dynamics Co. will increase its dividends in years when it has high earnings so that it can distribute excess free cash flows to investors, even if it means that the firm will have to reduce its dividend in subsequent years.

Market saturation occurs when everyone who wants the product has purchased it and demand declines. When products decline in the US market, there is often a whole new market in developing countries. Here, products must be sold more cheaply to compensate for lower consumer income.

What can a company do when it sees a product reaching market saturation?

SUBJECT: Marketing

Jay owns a 25% interest in the capital and profits of Grey Company (a calendar year partnership). For tax year 2017, the partnership earned revenue of $800,000 and had operating expenses of $400,000. During the year, Jay withdrew from the partnership a total of $80,000. He also invested an additional $50,000 in the partnership. For 2017, Jay’s gross income from the partnership is:

____   26.   Ron, age 19, is a full-time graduate student at City University. During 2016, he received the following payments:

Ron served as a resident advisor in a dormitory and, therefore, the university waived the $3,500 charge for the room he occupied. What is Ron’s adjusted gross income for 2016?

____   27.   Jerome received a court award in a civil libel suit against Morehouse Inquirer. He received $90,000 for damages to his professional reputation, $80,000 for damages to his personal reutation, and $80,000 in punitive damages. Jerome must include in his gross income as a damage award:

____   28.   Jack’s interest and gains on investments for 2017 were as follows:

Jack’s gross income from the above is:

The shift from mass marketing to targeted marketing and the corresponding use of a richer mix of marketing communications tools pose challenges for many marketers. If you were responsible for promoting your college or university, which of the six major forms of marketing communications would you use? How would you make sure they were integrated? Who is your target audience, and how can you best reach them with your communication?