• The rate of reaction is defined as

  Rate = −1∆[A] = −1∆[B] = + 1∆[C] = +1∆[D] ?? ∆?? ?? ∆?? ?? ∆?? ?? ∆??

• Average rate: the change in measured concentrations in any particular time period

• Instantaneous rate: the change in concentration at any one particular time

• Generally, the greater the concentration of reactant molecules, the faster the reaction

• Increasing temperature increases the reaction rate for most reactions

  Questions 1: Table I displays some data relating to an experiment 2NO (g) + O2(g) ? 2NO2(g)

  Table 1: Experimental data

  1. 1.1 Why is there a negative sign in equation (1)? Give a corresponding equation for the rate of production of a product.

  2. 1.2 Based on the data provided in Table 1, what is the average rate of consumption (M/s) for the NO(g) and O2(g) over the first 100 seconds? What is the rate of production (M/s) for the product, NO2(g)? (report three rates respectively)

  3. 1.3 Are the three rates you obtained in #2 the same? What is the potential problem you see if you use rate of consumption/production to characterize how fast the reaction proceed?

  4. 1.4 How shall we define rate of reaction that will give us unique value, independent of which

  species we are monitoring? Determine the rate of reaction accordingly for this problem.

Required

Using the weighted-average method, calculate the following:

1-a. Costs per equivalent unit. (Round your answers to 4 decimal places.)

1-b. Cost of goods completed and transferred out. (Round "Cost per EU" to 4 decimal places. Round final answer to nearest whole dollars.)

1-c. Costs remaining in the Work-in-Process Inventory account. (Round "Cost per EU" to 4 decimal places. Do not round other intermediate calculations. Round final answer to nearest whole dollars.)

2. Assume that you are the company’s controller. The production department’s June equivalent unit cost is higher than expected. If the manager of the first department asks you to do him a favor by increasing the ending inventory completion percentage from 20 to 40% to lower the unit costs, how much would unit cost be affected by this request? (Round your answer to 4 decimal places.)

A simplified income statement for ABC firm (in million dollars):

Key fact: Purchases are 80% of COGS

1) Besides reducing operating expenses, please identify two other means to improve the bottom line (i.e., to increase the operating income)?

Now, let’s perform a what-if analysis. In the first scenario, we analyze how an 8% reduction in the cost of purchased goods would impact operating profit?

2) How much is the current cost of purchased goods?

3) How much is the saving associated with an 8% reduction in cost of purchases?

4) Fill in the following income statement, reflecting 8% reduction in cost of purchases

5) Based on the income statement table you computed above, a dollar saved in COGS translates into ________dollar (s) increase in operating income.

6). Based on the income statement table you computed above, an 8% reduction in cost of purchases can lead to ____________% increase in operating income.

Please show work!!

write the outline pseudocode (code is also allowed) for the following problem...

Catherine wants to simulate a lottery game. What steps would this require?

Imagine that Catherine wants a computer to simulate a lottery game. The computer will be generating two-digit numbers. Each time the computer generates a number, the user is first invited to guess what the number is. If the user guesses the exact number, the award is 10 000 EUR. If the user makes a correct guess on one of the digits, and on the right place, the award is 3 000 EUR. If the user guesses correctly that a digit was selected, but not which position it is in, the award is 100 EUR.

Examples:

Computer: 96: Computer: 47: Computer: 42:

User: 96 User: 43 User: 29

Award Award Award

10 000 EUR 3 000 EUR

100 EUR

Catherine’s algorithm and program can follow the below-mentioned steps:

Step 1: The computer generates a random two-digit number.

Step 2: The user makes a guess of what the number is and enters it through the keyboard.

Step 3: The computer compares the two numbers and evaluates whether the user wins anything.

Step 4: The computer displays the number that was generated in step 1.
Step 5: the computer displays a message of whether the user wins something, as suggested

above.

Step 6: The computer repeats the procedure from step 1 to step 5. The game is played 3 times.

A financial institution has the following market value balance sheet structure:

a. The bond has a 10-year maturity, a fixed-rate coupon of 9 percent paid at the end of each year, and a par value of $10,300. The certificate of deposit has a 1-year maturity and a 5 percent fixed rate of interest. The FI expects no additional asset growth. What will be the net interest income (NII) at the end of the first year? (Note: Net interest income equals interest income minus interest expense.)
b. If at the end of year 1 market interest rates have increased 100 basis points (1 percent), what will be the net interest income for the second year? Is the change in NII caused by reinvestment risk or refinancing risk?
c. Assuming that market interest rates increase 1 percent, the bond will have a value of $9,707 at the end of year 1. What will be the market value of the equity for the FI? Assume that all of the NII in part (a) is used to cover operating expenses or is distributed as dividends.
d. If market interest rates had decreased 100 basis points by the end of year 1, would the market value of equity be higher or lower than $1,300?
e. What factors have caused the changes in operating performance and market value for this FI?

Code Using Arrays in Java

There is a new ruling for the only elevator located at Block B. Students who need to ride the elevator, must line up in a queue. The rated load in pounds for the elevator is based on the inside net platform areas. The maximum load for the elevator is 500 pound.

Write a program to read the students weight (in pound) in the line and calculate the number of students that are allowed to enter the elevator before it makes a loud noise.

Input

The first line of input is T (1 ≤ T ≤ 100) which is the number of test case. This is followed by T lines of input. Each line starts with X (X ≤ 100) which is the number of students who want to ride the elevator. This is then followed by a list of X data which is the students’ weight in the line.

Output

For each test case, the output contains a line in the format "Case #x: y", where x is the case number (starting from 1) and y indicates the number of students in the line that are allowed to ride the elevator.

Sample Input

3
9 45 25 50 46 10 55 50 83 68
5 66 155 93 101 90 
8 64 70 50 45 85 74 110 95 

Sample Output

Case #1: 9
Case #2: 4
Case #3: 7

Chapter 9 Mini Case from Financial Management Theory & Practice 16th Edition:

During the last few years, Jana Industries has been too constrained by the high cost of capital to make many capital investments. Recently, though, capital costs have been declining, and the company has decided to look seriously at a major expansion program proposed by the marketing department. Your first task is to estimate Jana’s cost of capital. Jones has provided you with the following data, which she believes may be relevant to your task:

- The firm’s tax rate is 25%.

- The current price of Jana’s 12% coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity is $1,153.72. There are 70,000 bonds. Jana does not use short-term interest-bearing debt on a permanent basis. New bonds would be privately placed with no flotation cost.

- The current price of the firm’s 10%, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116.95. There are 200,000 outstanding shares. Jana would incur flotation costs equal to 5% of the proceeds on a new issue.

-Jana’s common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. There are 3 million outstanding common shares. Its last dividend (D0) was $3.12, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.8% in the foreseeable future.

- Jana’s beta is 1.2, the yield on T-bonds is 5.6%, and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%. For the own-bond-yield-plus judgmental-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 3.2% risk premium. To help you structure the task, Leigh Jones has asked you to answer the following questions:

E. What is the estimated cost of equity using the dividend growth approach? Suppose the firm has historically earned 15% on equity (ROE) and has paid out 62% of earnings, and suppose investors expect similar values to obtain in the future. How could you use this information to estimate the future dividend growth rate, and what growth rate would you get? Is this consistent with the 5.8% growth rate given earlier? Could the dividend growth approach be applied if the growth rate were not constant? How?

You are the owner of a parasailing company that is expanding operations to a new beachfront location, and you need to prepare a 3-year analysis for the bank that may loan you the funds to purchase your boat and parasailing equipment. A lot of business is done on a referral basis, where a company pays a fee to a 3rd party to send them customers. However, because of your well-established reputation, you already have received requests for “flights” to be scheduled as soon as you open the new location. Therefore, you expect to break-even the first year but must calculate the number of flights needed. You also need to determine the new break-even point in Year 2 if the location allows referrals, which you believe will cost on average about 2% of the sales price overall. Finally, you need to determine the volume needed to have $10,000 in profit in Year 3. The following information is available:

• Sales price per flight $175
• Estimated loan payment per month $350
• Fuel costs per flight $100
• Full-time scheduler salary $2,500 per month
• Boat crew per flight $30
• $500 per month dock fee and use of a small office on a pier

Requirements:

• Calculate the Year 1 break-even quantity, contribution margin, and contribution margin ratio. Explain how the values were determined.
• Calculate the Year 2 break-even quantity, break-even sales, and contribution margin ratio. Explain how the values were determined.
• Determine the number of flights (units) needed to retain a profit of $10,000 in Year 3, assuming the company does allow for referrals.
• Recommend if the bank should issue the loan.

Superior papers will:

• Perform all calculations correctly.
• Articulate the approach to solving the problem.
• Explain the relationship of the costs to the concept of contribution margin.
• Discuss any limitations of the data, including what may be missing.
• Conclude on whether the bank should issue the loan

I have done all the calculation but I need only an explanation for these two questions

Explain the relationship of the costs to the concept of contribution margin?

Discuss any limitations of the data, including what may be missing.

Thanks in advance,

Geralt Technologies is considering a major expansion program that has been proposed by the company’s information technology group. Before proceeding with the expansion, the company need to develop an estimate of its cost of capital. Assume that you are an assistant to Henry Cavill, the financial vice-president. Your first task is to estimate Geralt’s cost of capital. Henry has provided you with the following data, which he believes may be relevant to your task:

(i) The firm’s tax rate is 40%.

(ii) The current market price of Geralt’s $1,000 par value, 12 percent coupon, semi-annual payment, non-callable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity is $1,153.72. Geralt does not use short-term interest-bearing debt on a permanent basis.

(iii) The current price of the firm’s 10%, $100 par value, annual dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $111.10. The company would incur a issuing cost of 6%.

(iv) Geralt’s common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. Its last dividend was $4.19, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% in the foreseeable future. Geralt’s beta is 1.2, the yield on T-bonds is 7%, and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6%. For the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 4% point risk premium.

(v) Geralt’s target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60% common equity.

To structure the task somewhat, Henry has asked you to answer the following questions ( Without using financial Calculator ):

1 (a) What is Geralt’s overall, or weighted average, cost of capital (WACC). Use the cost of retained earnings as cost of common equity.

(b) Geralt is interested in establishing a new division, which will focus primarily on developing new Internet-based projects. In trying to determine the cost of capital for this new division, you discover that stand-alone firms involved in similar projects have on average the following characteristics:

• Their capital structure is 40% debt and 60% common equity.

• Their cost of debt is typically 12%.

• The beta is 1.7.

Given this information, what would your estimate be for the division’s cost of capital? Note that Geralt uses the CAPM to calculate the division’s cost of capital.

During the last few years, Jana Industries has been too constrained by the high cost of capital to make many capital investments. Recently, though, capital costs have been declining, and the company has decided to look seriously at a major expansion program that had been proposed by the marketing department. Assume that you are an assistant to Leigh Jones, the financial vice-president. Your first task is to estimate Jana's cost of capital. Jones has provided you with the following data, which she believes may be relevant to your task:

Information:

1. The firm's tax rate is 40 percent.

2. The current price of Harry Davis’ 12 percent coupon, semiannual payment, noncallable bonds with 15 years remaining to maturity is $1,153.72. Jana's does not use short-term interest-bearing debt on a permanent basis. New bonds would be privately placed with no flotation cost.

3. The current price of the firm's 10 percent, $100 par value, quarterly dividend, perpetual preferred stock is $116.95. Jana would incur flotation costs equal to 5% per share on a new issue.

4. Jana’s common stock is currently selling at $50 per share. Its last dividend (d0) was $3.12, and dividends are expected to grow at a constant rate of 5.8 percent in the foreseeable future. Jana’s beta is 1.2; the yield on t-bonds is 5.6 percent; and the market risk premium is estimated to be 6 percent. For the bond-yield-plus-risk-premium approach, the firm uses a 3.2 percentage point risk premium. 5. Harry Davis’ target capital structure is 30 percent long-term debt, 10 percent preferred stock, and 60 percent common equity.

5. Jana's target capital structure is 30% long-term debt, 10% preferred stock, and 60% common equity.

Problems:

A. What is the firms cost of preferred stock?

B. Jana's preferred stock is riskier to investors than its debt, yet the preferred stock's yield to investors is lower than the yield to maturity on the debt. Does this suggest that you have made a mistake? (hint think about taxes)

C. What is the estimated cost of equity using the discounted cash flow approach