Two electric bulbs of 100 ohms are used for 8 hours daily. What is the cost of them for 1 day if the rate is 75 paise per unit?

A double pane window consists of two pieces of glass each of 8 mm thick that enclose an air space of 8 mm thick. The window separates room air at 18°C from outside ambient air at -8°C. The convection coefficient associated with the inner (room-side) surface is 12W/m2 .K. The thermal conductivity of the glass is kg=1.35 W/m. K and that of the air is ka=0.027 W/m. K Q1- If the outside air convection coefficient is ho = 76 W/m2 .K what is the heat loss through a window that is 0.8 m long by 0.5 m wide? Neglecting radiation and assume the air enclosed between the panes to be stagnant. Q2- We consider now that the heat transfer in the air gap is transferred by conduction and radiation and that the radiation coefficient hrad = 3 W/m2 K . Show the thermal circuit representing the steady state situation and define the new heat transfer loss through the window

Problem 1 (3 + 3 + 3 = 9) Suppose you draw two cards from a deck of 52 cards without replacement. 1) What’s the probability that both of the cards are hearts? 2) What’s the probability that exactly one of the cards are hearts? 3) What’s the probability that none of the cards are hearts?

Problem 2 (4) A factory produces 100 unit of a certain product and 5 of them are defective. If 3 units are picked at random then what is the probability that none of them are defective?

Problem 3 (3+4=7) There are 3 bags each containing 100 marbles. Bag 1 has 75 red and 25 blue marbles. Bag 2 has 60 red and 40 blue marbles. Bag 3 has 45 red and 55 blue marbles. Now a bag is chosen at random and a marble is also picked at random. 1) What is the probability that the marble is blue? 2) What happens when the first bag is chosen with probability 0.5 and other bags with equal probability each?

Probem 4 (3+3+4=10) Before each class, I either drink a cup of coffee, a cup of tea, or a cup of water. The probability of coffee is 0.7, the probability of tea is 0.2, and the probability of water is 0.1. If I drink coffee, the probability that the lecture ends early is 0.3. If I drink tea, the probability that the lecture ends early is 0.2. If I drink water, the lecture never ends early. 1) What’s the probability that I drink tea and finish the lecture early? 2) What’s the probability that I finish the lecture early? 3) Given the lecture finishes early, what’s the probability I drank coffee?

Problem 5 (4+4+4=12) We roll two fair 6-sided dice. Each one of the 36 possible outcomes is assumed to be equally likely. 1) Find the probability that doubles were rolled. 2) Given that the roll resulted in a sum of 4 or less, find the conditional probability that doubles were rolled. 3) Given that the two dice land on different numbers, find the conditional probability that at least one die is a 1. Problem 6 (8) For any events A, B, and C, prove the following equality: P(B|A) P(C|A) = P(B|A ∩ C) P(C|A ∩ B)

Compute the cost of the​ following:

a. A bond that has ​$1000 par value​ (face value) and a contract or coupon interest rate of 11 percent. A new issue would have a floatation cost of 6 percent of the ​$1125 market value. The bonds mature in 9 years. The​ firm's average tax rate is 30 percent and its marginal tax rate is 32 percent.

b. A new common stock issue that paid a ​$1.50 dividend last year. The par value of the stock is​ $15, and earnings per share have grown at a rate of 7 percent per year. This growth rate is expected to continue into the foreseeable future. The company maintains a constant​ dividend-earnings ratio of 30 percent. The price of this stock is now ​$31​, but 8 percent flotation costs are anticipated.

c. Internal common equity when the current market price of the common stock is ​$48. The expected dividend this coming year should be ​$3.00​, increasing thereafter at an annual growth rate of 11 percent. The​ corporation's tax rate is 32 percent.

d. A preferred stock paying a dividend of 9 percent on a ​$100 par value. If a new issue is​ offered, flotation costs will be 12 percent of the current price of ​$175. e. A bond selling to yield 12 percent after flotation​ costs, but before adjusting for the marginal corporate tax rate of 32 percent. In other​ words, 12 percent is the rate that equates the net proceeds from the bond with the present value of the future cash flows​ (principal and​ interest).

a. What is the​ firm's after-tax cost of debt on the​ bond? % ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

b. What is the cost of external common​ equity? ​% ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

c. What is the cost of internal common​ equity? ​% ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

d. What is the cost of capital for the preferred​ stock? ​% ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

e. What is the​ after-tax cost of debt on the​ bond? % ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

Use below terms to fill in blanks in the sentences that follow. Each term is used only once.

contingency table

control variable

correlated

cross-products

dependent variable

direction of association

expected values

gamma correlation coefficient

higher order gammas

independent variable


negative

Nominal


ordinal


positive


spurious association

statistical elaboration

statistically significant

strength of association

1. When conducting a two-way chi-square test to decide whether one variable probably influences a second variable, we compare the actual (observed) frequencies to the (1) ________________________, which are based on the pattern of responses for the overall group. When the actual (observed) values differ enough from these values, the difference between the two are determined to be (2) ______________________________. 

2. When we observe data for two variables arrayed in a 2 by 2 (3)_________________________________, we may suspect that the variables are (4) _________________________________ or related to each other if two cells on one diagonal contain a disproportionately large frequency of cases. Multiplying A*D and B*C produces two (5)________________________________, the larger of which reveals which diagonal is dominant. Multiplying A*D and B*C is the first part of the formula for computing the (6)_______________________________. 

3. When the frequencies in the A cell multiplied by the frequencies in the D cell are greater than the frequencies in B times the frequencies in C, the A-D diagonal is dominant and the direction of association is (7)_______________________. When the frequencies in the B cell multiplied by the frequencies in the C cell are greater than the frequencies in A times the frequencies in D, the B-C diagonal is dominant and the direction of association is (8)_______________________. 

4. The sign for a zero order gamma reveals the (9)_________________________________ and the absolute value tells us the (10)___________________________________. 

5. When we are studying hypothesized association between educational level and income level and we assume educational level (no college, graduated college) influences income level (low income, high income) educational level is the (11)__________________________ and income level is the 
(12)___________________________. Income level is an example of a 
variable measured at the (13)_________________ level of data. If we introduce the variable gender as a control, gender is measured at the (14)____________________ level of data.

6. The process of using a (15)___________________________ to test an apparent relationship between two variables measured at the nominal/ordinal level is referred to as (16)__________________________. 

7. When a control variable is introduced, two (17)_____________________________ are computed, one for each of the two sub-sets. For an apparent association to be reclassified as (18)______________________________, measured association in each sub-set must drop below an absolute value of 0.2. 


ACC20007 Assignment

Case

Part A

MelSwin is an accounting consultancy firm that provides its services to small, medium and large sized clients. The client size is determined by the number of employees as follows:

MelSwin uses a traditional overhead cost driver of “data analysis hours” to estimate the cost of providing its services. Although MelSwin does not operate in a competitive environment, the Finance Manager, Grainne, advocates to use advance costing methods like the activity-based costing. Otto, the CEO, argues that the current method provides an acceptable cost estimation and given the high cost of implementing ABC, it will not beneficial. However, he agreed to hire a university graduate to examine the costs and benefits of implementing ABC. To do so, Mary, a recent Swinburne graduate, has been hired to establish an activity-based costing system. The activities and associated costs are estimated as follows:

Mary has collected the following information about the average activity usage of three groups of clients:

Mary has also collected the following information about a client, Hawthorn Cabinet, with 60 employees.

Mary has been asked to prepare a report about the implementation of ABC and answer some relevant questions.

Part B

Mary has also become responsible to prepare cash budgets for the next six months. 15 % of the clients are small sized, 41% medium sized and the rest are large sized.

The patterns of billing receipts for each group of clients are presented as follows:

Estimated billings for the last six months of this year are listed below.

Estimated cash outflows for the last three months of this year are listed below.

MelSwin expects to have a cash balance of $50,000 on 1 October and has a policy of maintaining a minimum cash balance of $40,000 at the end of each month.

Mary has been asked to prepare a cash budget report for the next six months including answering some relevant questions.

Question 2

Calculate the average costs for each group of clients using the traditional method used in MelSwin?

Question 3

Calculate the average costs for each group of clients using the activity-based costing?

Question 4

Assume that the direct cost of visiting Hawthorn Cabinet is $2100. Estimate the cost of providing services for this client using both the activity-based costing and the traditional method used by MelSwin?

Question 5

Do you recommend using the activity-based costing at MelSwin? Briefly explain your reason.

Question 66

Prepare a cash budget for the last quarter of the year that includes monthly budgeted cash receipts and payments.

Question 7

MelSwin considers an investment to improve its productivity in the future including upgrading software and hardware equipment. Determine the amount of short-term borrowing, if any, necessary on 1 November for that potential investment which requires $350,000 cash on 1 November.

Question 8

The CEO is interested to know the impact of Covid-19 outbreak in their monthly budget considering a likely reduction of 50% in estimated billings from July. In addition, assume that 20% reduction in cash outflows is possible and cash balance will be $5,000 on 1 October and no minimum cash balance is required at the end of each month. . Prepare a cash budget for the last quarter of the year that includes budgeted monthly cash receipts and payments.

Question 9

What percentage reduction in cash outflows will be required in previous question to ensure no monthly cash shortfall will happen in the last quarter of the year.

Assuming that the population is normally​ distributed, construct a 99​% confidence interval for the population mean for each of the samples below. Explain why these two samples produce different confidence intervals even though they have the same mean and range.

Sample​ A: 1   4   4   4   5   5   5   8

Sample B: 1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8

Construct a 99​% confidence interval for the population mean for sample A.

less than or equalsmuless than or equals Type integers or decimals rounded to two decimal places as​ needed.)

Construct a 99​% confidence interval for the population mean for sample B.

less than or equalsmuless than or equals ​(Type integers or decimals rounded to two decimal places as​ needed.)

Explain why these two samples produce different confidence intervals even though they have the same mean and range.

A. The samples produce different confidence intervals because their critical values are different.

B. The samples produce different confidence intervals because their sample sizes are different.

C. The samples produce different confidence intervals because their standard deviations are different.

D. The samples produce different confidence intervals because their medians are different.

Define inherent risk. Can the auditors reduce inherent risk by performing audit procedures?

2. What are the major purposes of obtaining representation letters from audit clients?

3. Simulation

Auditors consider financial statement assertions to identify appropriate audit procedures. For items a through f,

match each assertion with the statement that most closely approximates its meaning. Each statement may be

used only once.

Assertion

Statement

a) Completeness

b) Cutoff

c)

Existence and occurrence

d) Presentation and disclosure

e) Rights and obligations

f)

Valuation

1) There is such an asset.

2) The company legally owns the assets.

3) All assets have been recorded.

4) Transactions are recorded in the correct

accounting period.

5) Assets are recorded at proper amounts.

6) Assets are properly classified.

4. Auditors perform audit procedures to obtain audit evidence that will allow them to draw reasonable

conclusions as to whether the client’s financial statements follow generally accepted accounting principles.

Match each audit procedure with its type. Each type of audit procedure is used; one is used twice.

Audit Procedures

Type of Audit Procedure

g) Prepare a flowchart of internal control

over sales.

h) Calculate the ratio of bad debt expense

to credit sales.

i)

Determine whether disbursements are

properly approved.

j)

Confirm accounts receivable.

k) Compare current financial information

with comparable prior periods.

7) Analytical procedures

8) Tests of controls

9) Risk assessment procedures (other than

analytical procedures)

10) Test of details of account balances,

transactions, or disclosures

Annotations

Choose 10 commands from the list to study in detail for this assignment. For each command, you need to provide a short description of the main functionality, and an example run (including output) of the command.

Notes

•  You need to choose at least one command from each category.

•  Be brief. You do not need to write a lot.

•  Although you are only required to document the usages of 10 commands in this assignment,

  you are expected to know all the commands for this course (in particular, exams).

  Process management and status 1. at

  2. bg
  3. crontab 4. fg
  5. kill
  6. nice
  7. nohup 8. ps
  9. sudo 10. suspend 11. time
  12. top

  File and directory 13. cat

  14. chgrp 15. chmod 16. chown 17. cd

  18. cp 19. dd 20. diff 21. dirs 22. file 23. find 24. grep 25. head 26. less

27. ln
28. ls
29. mkdir 30. mv 31. popd 32. pushd 33. pwd 34. size 35. tail 36. touch 37. umask 38. wc

User management and information 39. id

40. groups
41. limit (or ulimit) 42. makepasswd 43. passwd
44. su

Networking 45. arp 46. dig

47. ifconfig 48. hostname 49. nc
50. netstat 51. nslookup 52. ping
53. route
54. ssh
55. traceroute 56. wget

Programming tools 57. ddd

58. gdb 59. make 60. nm
61. strace 62. strings

Machine and system status
63. /proc/cpuinfo (this and the next are not commands, but files. You can “cat” their contents)64. /proc/meminfo
65. df
66. du
67. free
68. sysinfo
69. uptime
70. uname
71. vmstat

Other utilities 72. bc
73. cal

74. clear 75. crypt 76. cut 77. date 78. env 79. ispell 80. sort 81. tar 82. tr

83. uniq 84. xargs

Use at least 50000 simulations to answer the following questions.

In the game of craps, the shooter rolls two dice and wins if the sum of the dice is 7 or 11 ("natural"); he loses if the sum is 2,3, or 12 (craps). If the sum is 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10, then the result is not yet decided. He must roll the dice again and again, as often as is necessary until the initial sum, be it 4, 5,6,8,9, or 10 is repeated (shooter wins) or until the sum is 7 (shooter loses). Find the probability that the shooter will win in a game of craps by simulation.